上海市上海中学2018届高三上学期周练英语试题(三)

1、2017上海中学高三英语周练GrammarTherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain,Butoneof(21)(widely)heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladder,evenifitmeans(22)(step)offthepavementintoabusystreet.Ifyou(23)passunderaladderyoucanavoidbadluckbycrossingyourfingersandkeepingthemcrossed(24)youhaveseenadog.Alternatively,youmaylickyo

2、urfingerandmakeacrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andthenwaitforittodry.Anothercommonsuperstitionisthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouseitwill(25)bringmisfortunetothepersonwhoopeneditortothewholehousehold.Moreover,(26)openinganumbrellainfineweatherisunpopularasitinevitablybringsrain!Thenumber13issaidtobeu

3、nluckyforsome,andwhenthe13thdayofthemonthfalls(27)aFriday,whoeverwishestoavoidabadeventhadbetterstayindoors.Theworstmisfortunethatcanhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingamirror,asitbringssevenyearsofbadluck!Thesuperstitionissupposedto(28)(originate)inancienttimes,whenmirrorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthe

4、gods.BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,(29)theyareoftenassociatedwitchcrafT(巫术).ItisespeciallyluckyifablackcatcrossesyourpathalthoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.Finally,acommonlyheldsuperstitionis(30)oftouchingwoodforluck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsometh

5、ingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasneverbrokendown,touchwood?VocabularyA.industryB.inevitablyC.stronglyD.fueledE.humbleF.longingG.classlessH.invadedI.statusJ.complicatedK.illustrationsAskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethattheyllsay,“Success.”Thedreamofindividualopportunityhasb

6、eenpresentinAmericasinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeuprraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.Hisglowingdescriptionsofa_31_societywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEur

7、opeanreaders;inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer（1782）hewrote,“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered（无拘无束）andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimselfWehavenoprinces,forwhomwelabor,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofama

8、ns_32_followwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeand_33_nationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.Ournationalhistoricalstoryisfullof_34_oftheAmericansuccessstory.TheresBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrom_35_originstobecomeawell-knownsc

9、ientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmericansbest-sellingauthorwithhisrags-to-richestales.The36forsuccesshaunts（萦绕于）us:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“d

10、ressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseven_37_ourpersonalrelationships:todayitsasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.Butdreamscaneasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccess_38_impliescomparisonbe

11、tweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedin_39_symbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,andeatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelieve_40_inthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswe

12、cantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.ClozeI(A)ThenotionofbuildingbrandpersonalityispromotedbyStarbucksasapartofcompanyculturetoembedmeaningintheirproductsandthusattractmorecustomers.Starbucksliterallychangedthedefinitionof“agoodcupofcoffee”.ForStarbucks,thebrandhadthreeelements:coffee,_41_and

13、stores.Strictcontroloverthequalityandprocessingofthebeans_42_thatthecoffeewouldbeofthehighestpossiblequality.Outstandingstorepersonnelwererecruitedandtrainedincoffeeknowledgeand_43_service.Storedesign,atmosphereandaromaall_44_the“StarbucksExperience.”AlmostallStarbucksstoreswerecorporatelyownedandco

14、ntrolled.Starbucksprideditselfonthe“StarbucksExperience”,_45_coffeetoprovideauniqueexperienceforitscustomers._46_thosetraditionalcoffeehousesprovidingyouwiththegrab-and-goservice,Starbucksprovideyouwithmorethancoffee.Yougetgreatpeople,first-ratemusic,acomfortableandupbeatmeetingplace,and_47_adviceon

15、brewingexcellentcoffeeathome.Athomeyourepartofafamily.Atworkyourepartofacompany.Andsomewhereinbetweenisaplacewhereyoucansitbackandbeyourself.ThatswhataStarbucksstorehasbeen_48_tocreatingforitscustomers-akindof“thirdplace”wheretheycan_49_,reflect,read,chatorlisten.ThegreenStarbuckslogoisamermaidthatl

16、ooksliketheendofthedoubleimageofthesea.ItwasdesignedbyTerryHeckler,whogotthe_50_fromthewoodenstatueofthesea.Mermaidlogoalso_51_originalandmodernmeanings:herfaceisverysimple,butwithmodernabstractformsofpackaging,themiddleisblackandwhiteonlycolorontheoutsidesurroundedbyacircle.Starbucksmakesthetypical

17、Americanculturegraduallybrokendownintoelementsof_52_:thevisualwarmth,hearingtheway,smellthearomaofcoffeeandsoon.Justthink,throughthehugeglasswindows,watchingthecrowdedstreets,_53_sippingacoffeeflavor,whichisinlinewiththe“Yapi”,thefeelingofexperienceinthe_54_life.Butthe_55_ofStarbucksisnotaboutthecof

18、fee,althoughitsgreatcoffee.Coffeeisonlyacarrier.Coffeeconsumption,toagreatextent,isanemotionalandculturallevelofconsumption.41.A.customersB.managersC.peopleD.clients42.A.insuredB.promisedC.predictedD.ensured43.A.employmentB.customerC.environmentD.emergency44.A.consistedofB.contributedtoC.benefitedfr

19、omD.headedfor45.A.comingacrossB.makingupC.goingbeyondD.dependingon46.A.WithregardtoB.InadditiontoC.ComparedwithD.Intermsof47.A.generalB.groupC.legalD.sound48.A.committedB.alertedC.subjectedD.required49.A.negotiateB.escapeC.concealD.perform50.A.imaginationB.inspirationC.patentD.philosophy51.A.conveys

20、B.createsC.creditsD.cultivates52.A.brandB.logoC.possessionD.experience53.A.greedilyB.gentlyC.persistentlyD.indifferently54.A.easyB.busyC.miserableD.energetic55.A.productB.essenceC.importanceD.visionClozeII(B)Whetheritsfromanawfulbreakuporapainfullifeevent,somememoriescanreturnrepeatedlytothemindofus

21、forourentirelives.But,whatifsciencecan_56_yourbadmemoriessothatyoucanstartalloveragain?Asisknowntoall,Memoryisanincrediblycomplex57_.Whilescientistsusedtobelieveitwaslikeafilingcabinetandparticularmemorieswerestoredindifferentsectionsofthebrain,wenowknowthisis_58_.Infact,eachmemoryisabrainwideproces

22、s.Ifyouenduprememberingsomething,itsbecausethecellsinyourbrainarebeingfired,_59_newconnectionsandlinksandliterallyrebuildthecircuitryofyourmind.Andthischangeispartially_60_byproteinsinthebrain.Sowhatiftheproteinsarentavailable?Simplyput,memoriescantbemade.Seriously,scientistshavetestedthisbygivingan

23、imalsdrugsthatpreventtheseproteinsfromforming._61_,theanimalshavenorecollectionofthethingsthattookplaceshortlyafterthedrugwastaken.Fromthisresearch,scientistsactuallyfoundawaytotargetlong-termmemoriesfor_62_.Yousee,everysingletimeyourememberamemory,yourbrainisonceagainfiringandrewiring.Infact,eachti

24、meyoureflectonamemory,youarephysicallychangingthatmemoryinyourmind.Andeachtimethatmemoryischangedalittle,reflectingyour_63_thoughts.Remembering,toagreatextent,isanactof_64_andimagination,whichmeansthatthemoreyoureflectonoldmemories,thelessaccuratetheywillbecome.Andscientistshaveactuallyquantifiedthi

25、schange.After9/11,hundredsofpeoplewereaskedabouttheirmemoriesofthedreadfulday.Ayearlater,37%ofthedetailshadchanged.By2004,nearly50%ofthedetailshadchangedorgone_65_.Andbecausememoriesareformedandrebuilteverytime,ifyouadminister（服药）theprotein-preventingdrugwhilerecallingamemory,thememorycanbe_66_remov

26、ed.Totestthis,scientiststooklabratsandplayedsoundforthem,shortlyfollowedbyanelectricshock.Afterdoingthisformanytimes,theratsquicklylearnedthatiftheyheardthesound,ashockwassoontofollow._67_,theywouldstressupandfreezeeverytimetheyheardit.Monthslater,theseratswouldstill_68_thenoise.However,iftheyadmini

27、steredthedrugfirst,theratswouldlosethememoryofthesound,andsimplycontinueon.Theyhadlosttheirmemoryofthatspecificnoise.Tobesurethatthedrugwasntjustcausinglarge-scalebraindamage,scientistsrepeatedtheseexperimentswithvarioustonesthistime.Bothsoundswouldwareforashockand_69_themicewouldfearboth.Butiftheya

28、dministeredthedrugandplayedonlyoneofthesounds,themicewouldonlyforgetthatonetone,whilestillremaining_70_oftheother.Overtimescientistshavediscoveredspecificdrugstotargetparticularproteinsacrossdifferentpartsofthebrain.56.A.refreshB.forgetC.controlD.erase57.A.rangeB.processC.ideaD.structure58.A.incorre

29、ctB.evidentC.partialD.complex59.A.eliminatingB.decreasingC.bringingD.building60.A.inspiredB.stoppedC.identifiedD.perfected61.A.BycontrastB.OnthecontraryC.AsaresultD.Forexample62.A.evaluationB.estimationC.deletionD.production63.A.terrifiedB.preciousC.currentD.previous64.A.terrifiedB.creationC.repetit

30、ionD.reproduction65.A.uncontrolledB.complicatedC.valuableD.missing66.A.repeatedlyB.effectivelyC.hardlyD.consistently67.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead68.A.turntoB.respondtoC.watchoutD.turndown69.A.surprisinglyB.especiallyC.eventuallyD.similarly70.A.suspiciousB.carefulC.painfulD.fearfulReading

31、comprehension(A)Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLeLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic（全景的）viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,waomanapproachedfrom

32、behind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedh

33、er,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididntwanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,someho

34、wcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured（捕捉）andfrozenonsomestrangersbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewoma

35、nIdontevenknowhasbeenimmortalized（使.永存）.Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothersspaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbefo

36、remeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscapturedandfrozenonsomestrangersbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdontevenknowhasbeenimmortalized.Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothersspaces.Perhaps

37、thisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably.enjoyi

38、ngherselfB.losingherpatienceC.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpastIntheauthorsopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?Therichcolorofthelandscape.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.Thewomansexistenceinthephoto.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstandtheneedt

39、obeclosetonaturetheimportanceofprivatespacethejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeautyThepassagecanbeseenastheauthorsreflectionsuponB.thepleasureofaparticularlifeexperiencetravelingstrangerC.theartofphotographyD.aromanticencounterwitha(B)AGuidetotheUniversityFoodTheTWUCafeteriaisopen7amto8

40、pm.Itservessnacks,drinks,icecreambarsandmeals.YoucanpaywithcashoryourIDcards.YoucanaddmealmoneytoyourIDcardsattheFrontDesk.Evenifyoudonotbuyyourfoodinthecafeteria,youcanusethetablestoeatyourlunch,tohavemeetingsandtostudy.Ifyouareoncampusintheeveningorlateatnight,youcanbuysnacks,fastfood,anddrinksint

41、heLowerCafelocatedinthebottomlevelfotheGouglasCentre.Thisareaisoftenusedforentertainmentsuchasconcerts,gamesorTVwatching.RelaxationTheGlobe,locatedinthebottomlevelofMcMillanHall,isavailableforrelaxing,studying,cooking,andeating.Monthlyactivitiesareheldhereforallinternationalstudents.Hoursare10amto10

42、pm,closedonSundays.HealthLocatedonthetopfloorofDouglasHall,theWellnessCentreiscommittedtophysical,emotionalandsocialhealth.Adoctorandnurseareavailableifyouhavehealthquestionsorneedimmediatemedicalhelporpersonaladvice.Thecostofthisisincludedinyourmedicalinsurance.HoursareMondaytoFriday,9amtonoonand1:

43、00to4:30pm.AcademicSupportAllstudentshaveaccesstotheWritingCentreontheupperfloorofDouglasHall.Here,qualifiedvolunteerswillworkwithyouonwrittenwork,grammar,vocabulary,andotheracademicskills.Youcansignupforanappointmentonthesign-upsheetoutsidethedoortwo30-minuteappointmentsperweekmaximum.Thisserviceis

44、free.TransportationTheTWUExpressisashuttleservice.Theshuttletransportsstudentsbetweencampusandtheshoppingcentre,leavingfromtheMattsonCentre.Operationhoursarebetween8amand3pm.Saturdaysonly.Roundtripfareis$1.WhatcanyoudointheTWUCafeteria?DohomeworkandwatchTV.B.Buydrinksandenjoyconcerts.C.Havemealsandm

45、eetwithfriends.D.AddmoneytoyourIDandplaychess.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Youcantreatyourfriendstohome-cookedmealsinthisGlobeonweekends.TheWellnessCentreoffersmedicalservicesfreeofcharge.YoucangototheWritingCentredirectlytogetturoringforyourlanguagestudies.Ifyoufeeldepressed,youma

46、yseekmedicalhelponcampus.WhatsthefunctionoftheTWUExpress?Tocarrystudentstothelecturehalls.Toprovidestudentswithcampustours.TotakestudentstotheMattsonCenter.Totransportstudentstoandfromthestores.(C)IsitanywonderthatAmericaisalsoacountryofdangerouslyoverweightpeople?AccordingtoarecentstudybytheNationa

47、lCenterforHealthStatistics,thenumberofadultscharacterizedasoverweightintheUnitedStateshasjumpedtoanastonishingone-thirdofthepopulation.Overweightinthiscasemeansbeingabout20percentormoreaboveapersonsdesirableweight.Sincethefiguresfordesirableweighthavemovedupwardoverthelastdecadeorso,totalpoundage-ev

48、enat20percentover-maybeconsiderable.Soaretheattendanthealthrisks.Excessweighthasbeenlinkedtocardiovasculardisease,hypertension,adult-onsetdiabetesandsomeformsofcancer,amongotherdiseases.Once,whenworkandschoolandthegrocerystorewereatwo-milehikeaway,Americanscouldaffordthecaloriestheyconsume.Butnotnow

49、,notwhenmillionsspendfourorfivehoursadayinfrontofaTVset-alongwithabagofchips,abowlofbutteredpopcornandasix-pack-andtheresaearortwoineverydriveway.Thereisnocommitmenttoobesity(肥胖)asapublichealthproblem,saidDr.WilliamDietz,directorofclinicalnutritionattheNewEnglandMedicalCenterinBoston.Weveignoredit,a

50、ndblameditonovereatingandlaziness.Ifonedefinitionofapublichealthproblemisitscosttothenation,thenobesityqualifies.AccordingtoastudydonebyDr.GrahamA.Colditz,whoteachesatHarvardMedicalSchool,itcostAmericaanestimated$68.8billionin1990.Butwhatswrongblamingitonovereatingandlaziness?Ture,someunfortunateove

51、rweightpeoplehaveanunderlyingphysicalorgeneticproblem.ButformostAmericans,theproblemiswithtwoofthesevendeadlysins.Losingweightisadesperatelydifficultbusiness.Preventinggain,however,isnot.Consumerinformationiseverywhere,andtherecanbefewadultswhotrulybelievethathotdogs,fries,asodaandacoupleofTwinkiesm

52、akeagoodlunch.Buttheyeatthemanyway.AsmoreandmoreAmericansbecameeducatedtotherisksofsmoking,moreandmoreAmericansgaveupthehabit.NowitappearsthatAmericansneedanintensiveeducationintherisksofstuffingthemselvesandfailingtoexerciseaswell.Giventheseductivenessofchocolateandcheese,thecouchandthecar,thathabi

53、twillbehardtobreak.Butifanounceofpreventioncaneliminateapoundoffat,itiswellworththestruggle.Theauthorsetsupthestandardofoverweightpeoplebasedonthefactthat.thenumberofoverweightpeoplehasastonishinglyincreased.peoplehaveadifferentideaabouttheirdesirableweightnow.beingoverweightbecomesathreattopeoplesh

54、ealth.theoverweightproblemhaslongbeenstudied.Bysaying“Soaretheattendanthealthrisks,”theauthormeans.Americasuffershealthrisksaswellastheoverweightproblem.healthrisksresultingfrombeingoverweightareserioustoo.beingoverweightisclassifiedasoneofthehealthproblems.peoplehavealsopaidmuchattentiontothepossib

55、lehealthrisks.WhatdoesWilliamDietzthinkofobesity?Itshouldbetreatedasapublichealthproblem.Itshouldbeattributedtolazinessandovereating.Ithasmuchtodowithnutritionalproblems.D.Ithasnothingtodowiththeoveruseofcars.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?Theoverweightproblemhascostthenationmuch.

56、Eatingtoomuchandexercisingtoolittlearethemajorcausesofobesity.ItsaratherchallengingtaskforAmericanstoloseweight.ManyAmericansaretotallyignorantoftheharmofjunkfood.Inordertosolvetheoverweightproblem,theauthorsuggeststhateveryoneneedsto.betaughttopreventgainingweightbeeducatedtoloseweighteffectivelyse

57、ekhelpfromconsumerinformationknowwhatmakesahealthydinner.（D）In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.ThatsafardifferentimagefromtheGeorgethatmostpeopler

58、ememberfromtheirhistorybooks,aboywhowasashamedofchoppingdownhisfathersfavoritecherrytree.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredat

59、leastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromises（妥协）madebythenationsearlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountrysinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswron

60、g-andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehampered（束缚）bythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldn