名词性从句-高三英语一轮复习

1、Nominal clauseNominal clause主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句宾语补语从句主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主语主语从句的引导词有：从属连词 that,whether连接代词 who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词 whoever,why,how等概念主语从句例如That he was late made us very angry. 由that引导的主语从句Which team will be chosen we dont know yet.由which引导的主语从句When we will start hasnt b

2、een decided .由when引导的主语从句他昨天迟到了让我们很生气。我们还不知道哪个队会被选择。我们还不知道什么时候出发。主语从句会给句子造成什么影响呢？（从结构方面分析）思考：Which team will be chosen we dont know yet.由which引导的主语从句When we will start hasnt been decided .由when引导的主语从句主语从句主语从句容易显得句子头重脚轻为了避免这种情况，常用it作为形式主语，将从句置于句末。用it作为形式主语，以上例句可以改为：That he was late made us very angry

3、. Which team will be chosen we dont know yet.When we will start hasnt been decided It is angry that he was late.It is uncertain which team will be chosen.It is uncertain when we will start.由此就构成了一些常见句型It is+adj./n.+从句It is a pity/possible that主语从句主语从句容易显得句子头重脚轻为了避免这种情况，常用it作为形式主语，将从句置于句末。用it作为形式主语，以

4、上例句可以改为：That he was late made us very angry. Which team will be chosen we dont know yet.When we will start hasnt been decided It is angry that he was late.It is uncertain which team will be chosen.It is uncertain when we will start.由此就构成了一些常见句型It is+adj./n.+从句It+不及物动词+从句It is known that众所周知It is sai

5、d that据说It is believe that人们相信It is suggested that人们建议It has been prove that已证明主语从句主语从句容易显得句子头重脚轻为了避免这种情况，常用it作为形式主语，将从句置于句末。用it作为形式主语，以上例句可以改为：That he was late made us very angry. Which team will be chosen we dont know yet.When we will start hasnt been decided It is angry that he was late.It is unc

6、ertain which team will be chosen.It is uncertain when we will start.由此就构成了一些常见句型It is+adj./n.+从句It+be+过去分词+从句It+不及物动词+从句It seems that好像It happened that碰巧宾语从句概念在复合句中充当宾语，通常位于谓语，及物动词，介词之后用宾语从句表示确定的信息I saw that the monkey ate a banana.用宾语从句表示不确定的信息I saw whether the monkey ate a banana.同样，宾语从句的引导词也有who,

7、what,when,how等有时宾语从句中的that可以省略I saw the monkey ate a banana思考I didnt know that the monkey ate the banana and that you saw it.这里的that都能省略吗？如果不是，那么哪一个是不能省略的呢？I didnt know that the monkey ate the banana and that you saw it.宾语从句I didnt know （that） the monkey ate the banana and that you saw it.在双宾语的句子中，只

8、能省略后不对句子结构产生影响，歧义的that。注意区分That作为插入语的情况I know,just like you do,that the monkey ate the banana.思考“I think that the monkey is smart.”我认为猴子是聪明的。那么“我认为猴子不聪明。”应该怎么表达呢?思考“I think that the monkey is smart.”我认为猴子是聪明的。那么“我认为猴子不聪明。”应该怎么表达呢?正确表达形式是：I dont think that the monkey is smart在一些动词（think,believe,suppo

9、se,expect,imagine,fancy,seem,feel,look,look like等）表否定时， 从句的否定词常转移到主语的谓语动词上。也有不转移的动词，如guess,hope（I hope so.的否定是I hope not.）当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,not at all等有否定意为的词时，不能转移。I believe she never tells a lie.表语从句概念在句中充当表语，说明主语是什么，怎么样。例如She is smart. 她是聪明的。主语系动词表语该句子是主系表结构，smart用于表明主语she的性质。The problem is

10、that I have no time. 问题是我没有时间。主语系动词表语从句主系表结构中的表语由从句充当，为表语从句表语从句是陈述语气表语从句表语从句可由that,whether,连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，as if/though引导由that引导He suggestion is that I should tell her. 他的建议是我应该告诉她。The fact is that she really try.是事实她真的做努力了。由whether引导The question is whether the work worth doing. 问题是这个工作是否值得做。That与whe

11、ther的区别在于后者带有不确定的语气Whether可引导表语从句，但同义的if通常不用于引导表语从句。由连接代词引导I am not who you thought I was. 我已不是你过去所想的那种人了。The question is whom we can trust. 问题是我们能相信谁。表语从句由连接副词引导The problem is how l find him. 问题是我如何找到他。That was when I was seven. 那是我七岁发生的事。 由关系代词what引导He is no longer what he was. 他已不是从前的他了。Thats wha

12、t I came here for. 我来这里就是为了这个。由as if/as thought引导It is not as thought you were poor. 又不是你家里穷。It isnt as if we were going away for ever. 又不是我们离开就不回来了。同位语从句概念在复合句中名词性成分之后并与其构成并列，补充，说明其有关情况。例如I have no idea who ate the banana.(who ate the banana 作为who的同位语补充解释idea)同位语从句可由that，whether，连接代词，连接副词引导，that在正式

13、文体中通常不省略，if不能引导同位语从句。 The fact that the monkey ate the banana did not surprise me.The question whether the monkey will eat the banana is on my mind.同位语从句在demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等后同位语从句要用虚拟语气。The suggestion that the rule be adopted came from chairman.采纳这项规则的建议是由主席提出来的。区别同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句属于名词性

14、从句，定语从句又称为形容词从句。同位语从句与前面的名词为并列关系，定语从句限定其前名词的范围。The news that I have passed the exam is true.The news that she told me is true.区分：哪一个是同位语从句？The news that I have passed the exam is true.The news that she told me is true.同位语从句我通过了考试这个消息是真的。她告诉我的消息是真的。that she told me 用来限定 news 关系词是否在从句中做成分同位语从句定语从句.关系词

15、在句中做成分的是定语从句，不做成分的是同位语从句。. 如，同位语从句：The fact that the monkey ate the banana did not surprise me.如，定语从句：the idea that he gave surprise many teachers.宾语补语从句概念句中存在宾语的情况下，对宾语起补充完善作用的成分。例如You can call me what you like. 你喜欢叫我什么就叫我什么。My education made me who I am.教育成就了今天的我。能充当宾语补足语的一般有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词感官动词与使役动词（see,hear,notice,watch,feel,make,let,have等） 接宾补时，需省略不定式to。（在help后不定式可以带to也可以不带）My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常常让我做一些其他作业。宾语补语从句宾语与宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。比如：no one made us