四川旅游知识百问(修改稿)-精简版

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业1.“汉昭烈庙”为什么又叫“武侯祠”?原因何在?汉昭烈庙本是纪念蜀汉皇帝刘备的祠堂。武侯是中国名气最大的宰相诸葛亮的封号。先有刘备赐封的“武乡侯”，后有刘禅赐封的“忠武侯”，因此，以“武”而冠“侯”成为诸葛亮家喻户晓的代称。以“武侯”取代“昭烈”，其根本原因是在老百姓心目当中诸葛亮功高盖主、惠及万世。民国邹鲁诗曰：“由来功名输勋业，丞相功高百代思”说清了“门额大书昭烈庙，世人都道武侯祠”的缘由。The present Wuhou Temple was reconstru

2、cted on its original site in 1672 during the Qing Dynasty(清朝). A horizontal board hangs on the entrance gate inscribed with four Chinese characters: 汉昭烈庙 (Han Zhaolie Temple). “Zhaolie” is the official posthumous title of Liu Bei(刘备) and “Han” is the name of Lius regime. The inscribed board suggests

3、 that the temple was originally built in honor of Liu Bei, the emperor of the Shu Han Kingdom(蜀汉). Liu Bei was the emperor of Shu Han and Zhuge Liang(诸葛亮) was his prime minister. After they died, the posthumous title of Zhaolie was conferred upon Liu Bei while Zhong Wuhou was conferred upon Zhuge Li

4、ang. According to the strict hierarchy of the feudal society, emperor was superior to all his subjects. So the temple was named Zhaolie Temple(昭烈庙). The different heights and sizes of the Liu Bei Hall and Zhuge Liang Hall in the temple expressively show the feudal hierarchy. Lius hall is larger and

5、more magnificent than Zhuges. However, people love Zhuge Liang more than Liu Bei and call the temple “Wuhou Temple” instead of “Zhaolie Temple” because people believe Zhuge Liang made more contributions to the Shu Han Kingdom; and his fame has overshadowed that of Liu Bei. Key Words & Phrases: Wuhou

6、 Temple，posthumous title, prime minister, feudal hierarchy, contribution2. 蜀献王朱椿是哪个朝代的人?对成都(吃,住,游,购,娱)、峨眉山有何贡献?朱椿，明太祖朱元璋的第11个儿子。他对成都的贡献，是来成都之前派遣大太监康泰宁修建了规模宏大的王府，也就是后人们津津乐道的“皇城”。朱椿对峨眉山的贡献，是让画僧绘制了流传至今的峨眉山全图，客观上对峨眉山名扬天下起到了推进作用。Zhu Chun, the 11th son of the first emperor Zhu Yuanzhang(朱元璋) of the Ming D

7、ynasty, was conferred King Xian of Shu(蜀献王), the present Sichuan. He sent the imperial eunuch Kang Zhuang(康庄) to construct his large-scale royal mansion before he moved to Chengdu, which was also known as “Huangcheng” (“the Imperial City”“皇城”). The Choubian Tower(筹边楼), Wangjiang Tower(望江楼) and Sanhu

8、a Tower(散花楼) were constructed along the Jinjiang River(锦江) during he ruled over Chengdu. They were typical of landscape buildings in Chengdu, and have remained landmarks of Chengdu for centuries. Up to today, Wangjiang Tower is still regarded as the landmark of Chengdu. All these buildings should be

9、 credited to Zhu Chun, the King Xian of Shu in the Ming Dynasty. Besides, Zhu Chun loved Emei Mountain(峨眉山) very much, and would visit it almost every year. Zhu Chun ordered the monk painter to draw, and the painting has been handed down to this very day. In fact, Zhu Chun wanted to please his fathe

10、r Zhu Yuanzhang with this painting; however, the painting gave great impetus to promote Emei Mountain and had made it word-famous. Zhu Chun can be regarded as the first man of the royal family in Chengdu who constructed ancient buildings to beautify the city. Key Words & Phrases: Ming Dynasty，“Huang

11、cheng”， the landscape of Emei Mountain3. 武侯祠中的“三绝碑”是哪三绝?武侯祠中的三绝碑有两种说法。一种是指诸葛亮的智绝、裴度的文绝和柳公绰的书绝;另一种是指裴度的文绝、柳公绰的书绝和鲁建的刻绝。The 3.67-meter high tablet of the Tang Dynasty(唐朝) is most celebrated among the six tablets in the Wuhou Temple(武侯祠). Pei Du(裴度), the Prime Minister for three emperors of the Tang Dy

12、nasty composed the essay, in which Zhuge Liangs devotion to Shu and his efforts to reunify the country were highly praised. Liu Gongchuo(柳公绰), the elder brother of Liu Gongquan(柳公权), a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, inscribed it in a beautiful handwriting style. Lu Jian(鲁建), the well-known

13、 stone sculptor engraved the calligraphic work onto the tablet. The three celebrities joined their hands to perfect the tablet. It has been praised as the “Tablet of Three Wonders” (“三绝碑”) for its superb essay, calligraphy and sculpture. However, people have different opinions about the “Tablet of T

14、hree Wonders”. In general, there are two kinds, both old and new. The old tablet refers to the superb wisdom of Zhuge Liang(诸葛亮), the essay of Pei Du and the calligraphy of Liu Gongchuo, while the new one represents the essay of Pei Du, the calligraphy of Liu Gongchuo and the sculpture of Lu Jian(鲁建

15、).Key Words & Phrases: different opinions，“Tablet of Three Wonders”4. 汉朝一共分为几个阶段?共有多少位皇帝?成都武侯祠的哪块横匾表明了蜀汉与汉政权一脉相承的联系?汉朝一共分为两个阶段，即西汉、东汉。共产生了28个皇帝。武侯祠内的“业绍高光”表明了刘备的事业延续了高祖刘邦和光武帝刘秀两位西汉、东汉创始人的传承关系。Chronologically, Han Dynasty(汉朝) can be divided into three periods: Western Han Dynasty(西汉),capital in Chang

16、an长安), Eastern Han Dynasty(东汉),capital in Luoyang洛阳) and Shu Han Dynasty(蜀汉),capital in Chengdu(成都). There were 26 emperors in succession. The first emperor Liu Bang(刘邦) established the Western Han Dynasty(西汉), in which 12 emperors ascended to the throne. After that, Liu Xiu(刘秀), also styled Emperor

17、 Guang Wu(光武帝), suppressed the rebellion of Wang Mang(王莽) and made Luoyang(洛阳) the capital, which ushered in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Also after the reign of 12 emperors, Cao Pi(曹丕) overthrew the Han Dynasty, and proclaimed himself the emperor and founded Wei(魏). During the same period, Liu Bei foun

18、ded Shu Han regime, in which 2 emperors ascended to the throne. On the horizontal inscribed board of Liu Bei Hall(刘备殿) in the Wuhou Temple(武侯祠) of Chengdu, four golden laquered Chinese characters were inscribed: “Ye Shao Gao Guang”(“业绍高光”). Gao refers to Liu Bang, who is named Gao Zu(高祖) in history,

19、 while Guang refers to Liu Xiu, who is called Emperor Guang Wu. It means Liu Bei has resumed the glory of Liu Bang(Gao Zu) and Liu Xiu(Guang Wu) of the Han Dynasty. He has legally succeeded the throne of the founding emperors of the Eastern and Western Han dynasties. During the turmoil of the Three

20、Kingdoms(三国), only Liu Bie is regarded as the legitimate successor of the Han Dynasty.Key Words & Phrases: three，26 emperors，“Ye Shao Gao Guang”5.“三国”是哪三国?三大阵营的代表人物是谁?主要文臣武将有哪些?魏蜀吴。三大政权的领袖分别是曹魏阵营的曹操、孙吴政权的孙权、蜀汉政权的刘备。魏国文臣有荀彧兄弟，武将有典韦、许诸、张辽等;吴国文臣有张昭、鲁肃，武将有周瑜、黄盖、程普等;蜀国文臣有诸葛亮、庞统，武将为关羽、张飞、赵云、马超、黄忠等五虎上将。Amo

21、ng the regimes of Wei(魏国), Shu(蜀国) and Wu(吴国), the most powerful was the group of Caos. But for the personal feeling, the later generations had a negative feeling to the kingdom of Wei (220-265). Because of this, the major officials and generals in Wei had not too much reputation and praise. Actuall

22、y, Xun Yu(荀彧) and Xun You(荀攸), the father and son, and Guo Jia(郭嘉) were all talent brainpowers in the kingdom of Wei. The military officers, for example, Xu Chu(许褚) and Zhang He(张郃) were quite famous. The most famous military officers were Sima Yi(司马懿), Sima Shi(司马师) and Sima Zhao(司马昭) (they were fa

23、ther and elder brothers), as well as Deng Ai(邓艾) and Zhong Hui(钟会). The Wu was the family world of Sun Jian(孙坚), Sun Ce(孙策) and Sun Quan(孙权) who were also father and elder brothers. While in the State of Wu, there were also had old high-ranking military officers, like Cheng Pu(程普), Huang Gai (黄盖)and

24、 Han Dang(韩当), and Zhang Zhao(张昭) and Lu Su(鲁肃) who were persons with high reputation, as well as Zhou Yu(周瑜) and Lu Xun(陆逊) who were world famous. Shu was the weakest kingdom among the three, but the officials and generals were the most influential. Zhuge Liang(诸葛亮), Pang Tong(庞统), Guan Yu(关羽), Zha

25、ng Fei(张飞), Zhao Yun(赵云), Ma Chao(马超), Huang Zhong(黄忠), Wei Yan(魏延), Jiang Wei(姜维), as well as their descendants were took delight in talking about by people. They were all heroic figures who were known to every household.Key Words & Phrases: heroic figures6. “静远堂”是因为距成都很遥远，所以也很寂静而得此名吗?为什么?不是。“静远”二字

26、出自诸葛亮诫子书中的“非宁静无以致远”，意思是说，一个不能在欲望上保持心境宁静的人，决然不会有远大的理想和抱负In fact, the two Chinese characters “Jing Yuan(静远)” were quoted from the sentences from Jie Zi Shu, a Admonitory Letter to My Son (诫子书)written by Zhuge Liang(诸葛亮): “To have ones own ideal one must be indifferent to fame and gain; to achieve the

27、goal one should have mental self-discipline.”( “非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”。) “Jing” here refers to indifference to the fame and gain, while “Yuan” refers to high aspirations one should have. Although Zhuge Liang was engaged in military affairs, he attached great importance to his sons studies and to the culti

28、vation of his morality. He wrote a letter to his son admonishing him to be a useful man for the nation. In the letter, the son was encouraged to study hard and have high aspirations. Zhuge Liang placed strict discipline on himself, and set up a personal example for his family. His sons and grandsons

29、 all sacrificed their own lives when the nation was in danger. Later they were called the three generation of bravery and loyalty. So the Zhuge Liang Hall or Wuhou Shrine(武侯祠) was named Jingyuan Hall instead, which in fact was a proper and high praise of the Zhuge family.Key Words & Phrases: quoted,

30、 indifference to the fame and gain, high aspirations 7. 四川有哪些名联?请列举三副以上。如成都武侯祠内赵藩的“攻心联”、杜甫草堂内何绍基的“人日对”、宝光寺内何元普的“了犹未了联” 等。the couplet of psychological attack (“攻心联”) in Wuhou Temple(武侯祠), Chengdu; “the couplet of leaving something settled unsettled”(“了也未了联” )in Baoguang Temple(宝光寺)；Key Words & Phrase

31、s: couplet8.岑春煊是何许人?在他之前还有哪几人是有名的汉人干吏。岑春煊被誉为第三位出任四川总督的汉人干吏。他因清剿白莲教有功而出任四川巡抚，在成都因诛杀红灯教教主廖观音被称为酷吏。清末反正，任孙中山国民政府首任海军大臣。在他之前，分别有骆秉章和丁宝桢两位非常能干的汉人总督。Cen Chunxuan(岑春煊) was the third Sichuan viceroy followed Luo Bingzhang(罗秉章) and Ding Baozhen(丁宝桢). In the Qing Dynasty, it was not until the end of the Taipi

32、ng Heavenly Kingdom (太平天国,1851-1864) that the Han people became the right-hand man of the court. Luo Bingzhang who grew up in the pacification of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had an outstanding contribution to the Qing government, so he was conferred a title of the high officer of the frontier. Luo

33、Bingzhang was authorized to exterminate White Lotus Society(白莲教) in Sichuan where it was under the dominion of Manchu. Then he became the viceroy of Sichuan. And also because he was a favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧太后)that he became the third Han viceroy. It was generally recognized that the th

34、ree Han viceroys were the pillars of society who saved Qing at the end of its period. Key Words & Phrases: viceroy, pillars9.“宫保鸡丁”是怎么来的?“宫保”是满清王朝设置的一种荣誉官衔。四川总督丁宝桢曾被封为宫保，“宫保鸡丁”是指丁宝桢特别喜爱的一道家常菜，由鸡胸脯、莴苣切成小粒加入油酥花生米爆炒而成，现已成为川菜家常菜的代表作。Gong Bao Chicken(宫保鸡丁) is named after Ding Baozhen(丁宝帧) a high-ranking

35、official in the Qing Dynasty. “Gong Bao” (“宫保”) is a palatial guardian in the court. Ding Baozhen was conferred the honorable title of Gong Bao, so people also called him Ding Gong Bao(“丁宫保”). Ding Baozhen started to serve as the governor of Sichuan when he was sixty years old. At that time, he got

36、a toothache and had no appetite for any food. The cook then cut the raw chicken into diced meat (Sichuan dialect called it “Ding”), and fry it with oil. The diced chicken was so crispy that Ding Baozhen loved it very much though he suffered from the toothache. As Ding Baozhen lived a thrift life, he

37、 asked the cook to fry the remaining diced chicken with oat, peanuts and other ingredients for the next meal. The food turned out to be more delicious and easy to eat for the governor. Later, the cuisine of this food spread fast to the society, and enjoyed great popularity among common people. Peopl

38、e loved Gong Bao Chicken for its special color, shape and taste. Emperor Guangxu(光绪皇帝) also enjoyed the food. Because of the special status of Ding Baozhen and his special preference for the dish, this typical Sichuan dish has become famous all over in China.Key Words & Phrases: high-ranking officia

39、l, diced meat, typical Sichuan dish 10. 历史上有著名的“剥去三张伪法”，这“三张”是指哪三张?东汉末年五斗米道创始及传承人张陵、张衡、张鲁祖孙三人，历史上称“三张”。 在四川的鹤鸣山、青城山创立和传播道教。In the history of Taoism, Zhang Ling(张陵), Zhang Heng (张衡)and Zhang Lu (张鲁)who were three generations completely formed the organization of Taoism. They were called “three Zhang”

40、 (“三张”)in history. During years of the True Lord of Peace(太平真君) in the Northern Wei Dynasty (440-450北魏), under the support of Emperor Taiwu of Wei Dynasty and prime minister Cui Hao(崔浩), the Taoist priest of Songshan Mountain嵩山 Kou Qianzhi(寇谦之) claimed that he was under the order of the Supreme Lord

41、 Lao Zi(太上老君) to “reorganize Taoism and eliminate the disguises of three Zhang”, and at the same time to “assist and help the ruler in governing a country” in the way of the Confucians etiquette and tolerance. He took the place of Zhang Ling as the celestial teacher.During the regime of Liu and Song

42、 of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279南朝刘宋时期), the Lushan Taoist Lu Xiujing(陆修静) “worshiped and followed the example of three Zhangs theory or conduct, promoted and developed two Ge(Ge Xuan 葛玄and Ge Hong葛洪)”, and “assembled and included three caves”. After the continuously revision of Taoist canon

43、 and etiquette patterns by Kou Qianzhi in north and Lu Xiujing in south, the Taoism was integrated into the Confucian and Buddhist ideals. Till the partial peaceful time of the Southern Song Dynasty(南宋) and under the violent ethnic contradictions, the Taoism re-ordered the various sects within itsel

44、f. In addition to the old sects such as the Taoist master of dragon and tiger(龙虎天师), the Shangqing of Maoshan, which were still praised highly by the Southern Song regime, the other sects like the cliques of Lingxiao(灵宵), Qinghui(清徽), Donghua(东华), Jingming(净明) all professed that they were awarded; w

45、hile in the north, the Quanzhen Dao(全真道) established by Wang Chongyang(王重阳) was highly praised. In order to contend with the Zhengyi Dao(正一道), the Tianshi Dao (Celestial Teacher sect天师道) worked hand in glove with Shangqing, Lingbao, Jingming and so on, they awarded the 38th Taoist master Zhang Yucai

46、(张与才) the hierarch of Zhengyi and led the protective talisman of Sanshan(三山符箓). Hence the two sects of Zhengyi and Quanzhen were formed. Key Words & Phrases: Taoism, Zhang Ling(张陵), Zhang Heng (张衡)and Zhang Lu (张鲁)11. 成都的“永陵”是指谁的陵墓?他是四川多少个偏安政权中的一个?成都的“永陵”是五代十国时期创建“前蜀”政权的王建的墓地。他是历史上7个偏安四川的地方政权之一。The

47、Yongling Mausoleum(永陵) was built for Wang Jian(王建), the first emperor of Former Shu Kingdom (前蜀) during the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十国). Wang Jians tomb, historically named Yongling Mausoleum, is situated in the northwest of Chengdu. Wang Jian was a general of the Tang Dynas

48、ty(唐朝). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he followed the Emperor Xizong(禧宗皇帝) to Sichuan Province. After the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907, Wang Jian established the Former Shu Kingdom and set up his capital in Chengdu. Among eight local regimes which existed in Chengdu, the Former Shu contribu

49、ted more to the city development of Chengdu. Wang Jian attached great importance to the agriculture and the stability of the society. Chengdu became one of the most prosperous cities in China at that time. Wang Jian also paid attention to the protection of cultural relics in Chengdu. For example, We

50、i Zhuang(韦庄), the Prime Minister of Wang Jian had the earliest Du Fu Thatched Cottage(杜甫草堂) built.Key Words & Phrases: Wang Jian, Former Shu Kingdom, prosperous, the protection of cultural relics12. 成都为什么简称“锦”?又为什么简称“蓉”?成都早在西汉时期就已开始织锦。锦在当时是朝廷的重要税赋。朝廷派遣专门的锦官在成都管理织锦业。管理织锦业的衙署被称为“锦官城”，成都因而也以“锦城”闻名。五代十国

51、时期的“后蜀”政权皇帝孟昶又在成都遍植芙蓉，所以成都又有“蓉城”之称。Chengdu, accredited by the State Council(国务院) as one of the 24 famous cultural and historical cities of China, has a history of over 2,300 years. “Chengdu” literally means “becoming a capital” because Kaiming IX(开明九世), King of the ancient Shu state, discarded his o

52、ld palace in what is now Shuangliu(双流) and made Chengdu his new capital early in the 4th century BC. In 311 B.C of the Qin State (秦国) a protective wall was built around Chengdu according to the same construction standards used for Xianyang (咸阳), the capital of the Qin State: a height of 3.5 meters a

53、nd a perimeter of 6 kilometers, forming the prototype for the metropolis of Chengdu. As brocade-making developed into a booming industry in Chengdu during the Western Han Dynasty (西汉), officials were sent by the court to take charge of brocade production. The government office in charge of the broca

54、de production was named the “City of Brocade Officials”(“锦官城”), so Chengdu is named the “City of Brocade Officials”, or Jincheng(锦城), meaning literally “a city of brocade”. In the Five Kingdoms Period (五代时期), Mengchang(孟昶), a hibiscus-loving king of the Later Shu Kingdom(后蜀), had many hibiscuses pla

55、nted throughout the city. The hibiscus trees, with their great variety of types, presented a world of flowers when in bloom. The “drunken hibiscus” (“醉芙蓉”) is particularly unique, because it may change color three times a day, white in the early morning, light red at noon and bright red in the eveni

56、ng. Hence Chengdu is also known as “Rongcheng”(“蓉城”), or simply “Rong”(“蓉”), meaning “a city of hibiscuses”.Key Words & Phrases: brocade-making, many hibiscuses13. 成都在历史上有哪些别称?成都的别称有龟城、秦城、锦官城、罗城、羊马城、蓉城等称谓。Chengdu had different nicknames in history. In the Qin Dynasty(秦朝), it was dubbed as Qincheng (

57、Qin City,秦城), Guicheng (City of Tortoise,龟城), Dacheng (Large City,大城) and Shaocheng (Small City,少城); in the Han Dynasty(汉朝), Hancheng (Han City,汉城), Jincheng (City of Brocade,锦城), and Cheguancheng (City of Vehicle Officials,车官城); in the Tang Dynasty(唐朝), Yangmacheng (City of Sheep and Horses,羊马城), L

58、uocheng (Comprehensive City,罗城) and Gaopian Gucheng (the Former City of Gaopian,高骈故城); in the period of Five Dynasties(五代), Rongcheng (City of Hibiscus,蓉城); in the Ming Dynasty(明朝), Huangcheng (Imperial City,皇城); and in the Qing Dynasty(清朝) Mancheng (City of Man Nationality,满城).Key Words & Phrases:

59、Guicheng, Qincheng, Jincheng, Yangmacheng14. 杜甫“门泊东吴万里船”是指哪道门?这句话出自何处?全诗内容是什么?这个门大致是指今天的老南门。这句话出自杜甫绝句。全诗内容为“两只黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天，窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船”。Du Fu(杜甫) fled to Chengdu after the An and Shi Rebellion(安史之乱). When he lived in Huanhuaxi Brook(浣花溪) he depicted the scene that he had seen in his poem: “My w

60、indow frames eternal snowy peaks in the west, boats from remote Dongwu moor outside my abode”. (“窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。”) According to the location of Du Fu Thatched Cottage, the northwestern part (“My window frames eternal snowy peaks in the west”)should be the Snow-capped Xiling Mountain(西岭雪山), while th