真题解析2011年1月阅读郑州

1、2011 年 1 月 SAT 阅读SECTION 3Questions 9-13 are based on the following passages.Passage 1Ecotourism has been broadly defined as recreationaltravelt is focused on the natural environment andt seeks to minimize its impact ont environment.However, there is little doubtt increasing numbersof ecotourists al

2、soe a threat to the quality and5sustainability of natural ecosystems. Numerous accountsof tourists loving nature to death” have been reported,and concern is growingt ecotourism isingnothing moren a green” labelt dresses upexploiive and destructive human behavior. Despite10widespread advocacy for edu

3、cation as a solution to minimizing ecotourists” impacts on the natural environment, few tests of the effectiveness of educational programs in controlling tourists behavior have beenconducted.15Passage 2Although a substantial part of tourism is the “sun,surf, and sand”variety, the fastest-growing seg

4、ment is ecotourism. There is, however, substantial concern aboutthe potential negative impacts of ecotourism on theenvironment and about the nesity to plan and regulate5ecotourism to prevent them. There clearly have been abusesand mismanaged activities. Bettlanning and regulationare essential. Yet e

5、cotourism brings many peopleoenvironments in which they can learn about the localeand learn environmental principlest can heighten their10awareness of and commitment to environmental protection in general. Increased emphasis on environmental learningas part of ecotourism could help prevent or reduce

6、ecotourism、negative impacts.9.The authors of both passages would most likely agreet ecotourismA.B.C.D.E.is most popular in sunny coastal environmentsmay harm the environment it claims to valuemay soon be more commonn other types of tourismserves to educate the public about environmental iesshould be

7、 tightly regulated in order to minimize its impact选B。两篇作者都提及了生态旅游会到环境。Passage 1 的line 5,e a threat to the quality and sustainability of natural ecosystems 以及Passage 2 的 19 行 the potential negative impacts of ecotourism on theenvironment .。因此正确选项B。10.Unlike Passage 2. Passage I primarilv emphasizes e

8、cotourismsA.B.C.D.E.Economic consequen educational value increasing popularity uncertain originsdamaging effects选E。Passage1 说 ecotourism 的性的影响，非常明显。干扰选项排除11.The author of Passage 2 would most likely characterize the tourists wholove “nature to death (Passage I. line 7) asA.B.C.D.E.evidence of the ne

9、ed for further environmental educationprooft ecotourism should be banned within fragile ecosystemconcerned about the impact of their actionsunaware of the regulationserning ecotourisminsincereheireresthe environment选A。问Passage 2 如果看到了Passage1 的“爱环境爱到死”这帮人，有何感想.A 选项 evidence of the need for further e

10、nvironmental education第二篇作者认为大家缺乏对于生态旅游的基本的知识，应该好好学习学习，从而将生态旅游的消极内容的影响给降到最低。12.In line 15. “conducted” most nearly means(本文档 Passage 1 最后一个词)A.B.C.D.E.performed channeled transmitted escorteddirected A B C DE选A。 performed channeled transmitted escorteddirected表现，履行引导传输，传送命令line 15 few tests of the e

11、ffectiveness of educational programs in controllingtourists behavior have been conducted.如果提取选项的话，就是 conductbehavior,需要从选项中找出一个动词来搭配表现。正确选项，A.13.Which spassages?ement best characterizes the relationship betn the twoA. Passage 2 provides a historicalportrays as a recent problem.on a situationt Passag

12、e 1B.Passage 2 takes aitive stance on an iet Passage 1 presentssomewhat pessimisticallyC. Passage 2 provides considers theoreticallyal experience wiphenomenon Passage ID.1.E.Passage 2 suggests an innovative solution to a puzzle outlined in PassagePassage 2 provides evidencet counters a criticism rai

13、sed in Passage 1选B。如果遇到选项中同时出现了Passage 1 和 Passage 2 的情况，看一半。以本题为例子，就看Passage 2A Passage 2 provides a historicalon a situationhistoricalB Passage 2 takes a历史视角无中生有，排除itive stance on an ieitive stance 积极的立场，和 passage 2 的主旨观点完全一致，对C Passage 2 providesal experience误，排除al experience wiphenomenon这篇文章很明显是

14、 opinion 的类型，不是 experience,错D Passage 2 suggests an innovative solution如果说solution 是正确的，但是innovative，创新，无中生有选项，排除。 E Passage 2 provides evidence第二篇只有自己的想法，没有实体的（客观），错误选项，排除。Questions 14-23 are based on the following passage.The following passage is adapted from a 2002 book about modern medicine.The

15、explanation of pahas dominated muchof medical history originated with Rene Descartes, moren three centuries ago. Descartes proet paine injuryis a purely physical phenomenon 一t tistimulates specific nervest transmit an impulse5to the brain, causing the mind to perceive pain. Thephenomenon, he said，is

16、 like pulling on a rope to ringa bellhe brain. It is hard to overse how ingrainedthis accounse. In everyday medicine, doctorssee pain in Descartess termsas a physical pros,10a sign of tie injury. We look for a ruptured disk ora fracture and we try to fix whats wrong.The limiions of this mechanistic

17、explanation,however，have been apparent for some time, since peoplewith obvious injuries sometimes report feeling no pain15at all.he 1960s researchers proedt Descartessmbe replaced with what they called the gate controltheory of pain. They arguedt before pain signals reachthe brain, they mustgo throu

18、gh a gating mechanismhe spinal cord, which could ratchet them up or down.In some cases, this hypothetical gate could simply stop pain impulses from getting to the brain.20Their most startling suggestion wast what controlledthe gate was not just signals from sensory nerves but alsoemotions and other

19、“output” from the brain. They were25sayingt pulling on the rope need not make the bellring. The bell itselfthe mindcould stop it. This theoryprompted a great deal of researcho how such factorsas mood，gender, and befs influence the experience ofpain. In a British study, for exle, researchers measured

20、30pahreshold and tolerance levels in 52 ballet dancers and53 university students by using a common measurementknown as the cold pressor test. Theingeniouslysimple. (I tried ihome myself.) Alter immersing yourhand in body-temperature water for two minutes to establish a baseline condition, you dunk y

21、our hand ina bowl of ice water and start a clock running. You mark35the time when it begins to hurt:t is your pahreshold.Then you mark the time when it hurts too much to keepyour handhe water:t is your paolerance. The40always stopped at 120 seconds, to prevent injury.The results were striking. Oage

22、female studentsreported pain at 16 seconds and pulled their hands out of the ice water at 37 seconds. Female dancers went almost three times as long on both counts. Men in both groupshad a higher threshold and tolerance for pain，but the45difference betn male dancers and male nondancerswas nearly as

23、large. What explainst difference?Probably is something to do with the psychology ofballet dancersa group distinguished by self-discipline,physical fitness，and competitiveness, as well as by a high50rate of chronic injury. Their drivenalities andcompetitive culture evidently inure them to pain.Other

24、studies along these lines have showntroverts andextroverts have greataolerancen55t, with training, one can diminish ones sensitivity topain. There is also striking evidencet very simple kindsof mental suggestion can haveerful effects on pain.In one study of 500 patients undergoing denial procedures,

25、those who were given a placebo injection and rearedfort 一 60t it would renot only lessve their pain had the leastn the patients who got a placebo and weretold nothing but also lessanesthetic without any rean the patients who got a realring commentt it wouldwork. Today it is abundantly evidentt the b

26、rain is65actively involvedhe experience of pain and is no merebell on a string. Today every medical textbook teachesthe gate control theory as fact. Theres a problem with it, though. It explains people who have injuries but feel nopain, but it doesnt explahe reverse, which is far more70common 一the m

27、illions of people who experience chronicpain, such as back pain, with no signs of injury whatsoever.Gate control theory accepts Descartess viewt whatyou feel as pain is a signal from tie injury transmittedby nerves to the brain, and it adds the notiont the brain75controls a gateway for such an injur

28、y signal. But inthe case of something like chronic back pain, there often is noinjury. So where does the pain come from? The rope and clapper are gone, but the bell is still ringing.14.The primary pure of the passage is toA.B.C.D.E.describe how modern research has updated an old explanationargue for

29、 the irrelevance of a popular theorysupporraditional view with new datapromote a particular attitude toward physical experienceproe an innovative treatment for a medical condition选A。A describe how modern research has updated an old explanation新研究升级了老的解释。正确，就是对于老的B argue for the irrelevance of a popu

30、lar theory争论流行理论的无关性。irrelevance，排除的完善C supporraditional view with new data新数据支持老观点。support 错误，排除D promote a particular attitude toward physical experience推动生理经验的独特态度。particular attitude 无中生有，排除E proe an innovative retreatment for a medical condition提及一个医疗环境中的创新治疗。innovative retreatment 无中生有，排除15.Wh

31、ich sement best describes Descartesfs theory of pain as presented inlines 3-8 (“Descartes . brain”）?A.B.C.D.E.The brain can shut pain ot will.The brain plays no partPain can be triggeredhe bodys experience of pain.any different ways.Pain is a highlyal phenomenon.Pain is an automatic response to bodi

32、ly injury选E。lines 38 有个人D，说疼痛就是身理现象，injury stimulatest transmit an impulse to the brain ，疼痛感刺激了神经，传递到了大nerves脑 （就像） like pulling on a rope to ring a bell 就像是拉响了脑部的警铃声一般。类比。E Pain is an automatic response to bodily injury疼痛是对于身体的自动反应。完全正确，automatic response 可以和原文Line6 的cause the mind to perceive pain

33、 做同义替换。(DL1)16.In line 11，“sign” most nearly means（本文档第一段）A.B.C.D.E.symbol gesture image indicationOmen选 D。Line 11： In everyday medicine, doctors see pain in Descartesstermsas a physical pros a sign of tie injury.翻译：每天的药理现象中，医生都可以看到D 术语中的疼痛，身理的过程，组织损害的迹象。要和组织的迹象最接近的为正确。A symbol B gestureC image标志（象征

34、含义，排除）手势（有手做的有关，排除）想象 （文章是真，这个是特征，排除）D indication 迹象（特指疾病的症状）a spel symptom or the liketpos out a suitable remedy or treatment or shows the presence of adisease. 正确选项，D。E omen 预兆。和本文无关，排除。17.The author impst the reason the gate control theory wast it“startling”(line 23) wasA.B.C.D.offered an extreme

35、ly novel explanation ran counter to peoples everyday experienundermined a respected philosophers repuionwas grounded in anprehensible logicE.was so sensible it should have been proed centuries before选 A。line 23 但是看完后本身没有任何感觉，因为句子开头的 their 无从查起，于是在定位失效的情况下，果断向上搜寻。然后可以研究 line 20- 27。他们最惊人的提议是，控制疼痛这一门板

36、的不仅仅是神经，还有情感等其他的在脑子里的东西。换而言之，拉绳子可以不惊动铃声，铃本身可以制止疼痛。也就是说，大脑本身可以感知到疼痛，也可以直接去止痛。选项：A offered an extremely novel explanation 给出了一个极为新颖的解释 因为新颖，因为从来没人听过，所以让人 startling,这个因果关系非常的明晰，18.The author does which of the following in lines 25-27 (“They . it”) ?A. Employs a previously used comparison to explain a n

37、ewlyidearoducedB.C.D.E.Cites an aforementioned study to disprove a recently published claimSignals a digresfrom the main line of the argumentInvokes figurative language to note the drawbacks of an approachUsesification to explicate thericacies of a theory选 A。与 17 题的line 23 行的内容重合，还是说新研究和老研究的差异性问题，新的

38、诞生。A Employs a previously used comparison to explain anewlyroduced idea 用先前的对比讲述一个全新的理念，只有 newly 一词和原文对应的工整，正确选项A19.In line 49, “psychology” most nearly meansA.B.C.D.E.mental makeup emotional trauma manipulative behavior clinical investigationunderlying meaning选 A。line 4953 芭蕾演员和心理学有关系。Their drivena

39、litiesand competitive culture evidently inure them to pain. 他们的有紧迫感的个性（强迫症）和竞争性的文，会让他们性的觉得痛。这里的 psychology 指的是，芭蕾舞演员由于长期很累，因此很容易觉得疲惫的族群。身体不累，心累，所以得选和精神有关的，只有 AB，但终究不是A mental makeup 精神特质，是一种特征，所以选 A。B emotional trauma感情20.The author suggestsrespect to theirt “extroverts,，(line 55)are like ballet dan

40、cers withA.B.C.D.E.reaction to sosense of groul situationsentityresponse to physical stimuli need for the attention of otherspeculiar attraction to suffering选C。Line 5456 Extroverts have greataolerancenroverts with training, one can diminish ones sensitivity to pain.性格外向者对于疼痛的忍耐度比内向者强。经过训练，一个人可以削减对于疼

41、痛的敏感度。 题干所提及的芭蕾舞演员就是如此，虽然容易觉得疼痛，但是可以将对于疼痛的耐力给。ABD 纯粹的未提及选项，和身体疼痛沾边的只有 C 和 E。E选项极具 SM 的特征，喜欢疼痛的感觉，排除。正确选项唯有 C. physical stimuli和原文的sensitivity to pain 做对应。21.A defender of the gate control theory would most logically arguet the“problem” (line 68)maynot with the theory but withmedical profes hypothesi

42、sdiagnostic toolsals unwillingness to accept it as a thoroughly verifiedt cannot detect the injuries causing currentlyinexplicable conditionsC.D.E.doctors who misdiagnoseermittent pain as chronic painthe unfortunate tendency lo medicate even minor ailmentsthe willingness of people to subject themsel

43、ves to stressest lead tounconventional injuries选B。Line68，Today every medical textbook teaches the gate controltheory as fact. Theres a problem with it, though.今天，每个教科书都在教授门板理论，虽然这个理论是有缺陷的。然后，看下门板理论的，line1922：他们认为痛苦的信号会直接冲到脑子，假象的门会脉冲进入大脑。所以，有脉冲，门会。那么 problem 产生的可能就是有脉冲，但是门板已经拦不住了。B diagnostic toolscu

44、rrently inexplicable conditionst cannot detect the injuries causing工具无法去侦测出疼痛，这种疼痛是目前无法解释的情况。假设论中的门板果然挡不住这次痛苦的冲击，因此选项是 B22.The author refers to “chronic back pain” (line 77) as an exle ofsomethingt isA.B.C.D.E.costly, because it afflicts millions of people dubious, because it is often claimed freque

45、ntlypuzzling, because it sometimes has no apparent causefrustrating, because it does not improve with therapytantalizing，because itsthe reach of medicine选 C。考点词： 慢性的背痛。buthe case of something like chronicback pain, there often is no injury.在类似于背痛的这种案例中，是没有任何受伤的情况存在的。表示无伤但是疼的即为正确，并且应该是负评价。C puzzling,

46、 because it sometimes has no apparent cause让人疑惑不解的，因为它有时没有明显的原因，apparent cause 和原文的injury一词做对应挺工整的，正确选项C(DL3)23.The lasprimarily to expresstence of the passage (“The rope .ringing”）servesA.B.C.D.E.theprehensibility of scientific judgmentsthe inadequacy of abstract metaphorsthe futility of theoretica

47、l inquirya conundrumt faresearchersan ambiguity at the heart of science选D。so where does the pain come from? The rope and clapper aregone, but the bell is still ringing.疼到底从何处而来捏？绳子和铃都没了，但是依然响叮当。（虽然没有受伤的痕迹，但是疼还在，的类比关系）没人知道疼从哪里来，表示不知疼痛的根源即为正确选项。SECTION 4Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage

48、.A turning leaf stays green at, then reveals splotchesof yellow and red as chlorophyll gradually breaks down.Dark green seems to stay longesthe veins, outliningand defining them. During the summer, chlorophyll breaksdownhe heat and light，but it is also being steadily5replaced.he fall, on the other h

49、and，npigmentt wereis produced, and so we notice the other colorsalways there, although chlorophylls shocking green hidthem from view. With their camouflage gone, we see thesecolors for thetime all year, and marvel，but they were10always there, hidden like a vivid secret beneath the hotglowing greens

50、of summer.156.The passage serves primarily toA.B.C.D.E.present a debate explain a phenomenon recount an experiment advocate an actionrefute a theory选。第一段第一句就给了一个现象，叶子起初是绿色，又逐步解释了的分解使得叶子有黄色和红丝的斑点。对应了。7.According to the passage, which of the following most directly causes leavesto change their colorhe

51、 fall?A.B.C.D.E.Chlorophyllhe leaves beginning to break down thenHeat and light causing new pigments to be producedChlorophyll changing from green to other colorsExisting pigmentsing more uniformNew chlorophyll no longer being produced选E。对应Line6-9 在秋天，没有新的色素产生。Questions 8-9 are based on the followin

52、g passageIm watching Sesame Street with my daughter. Today Grover has transported us to Alaska, where a local lass is suiting up to face the Arctic chill, with the help of hermother, who sews fur pelts together to fashion a coat torepel the subzero temperatures. The child rushes outo5the crisp fresh

53、 air to meet other children, laughing stly.It looks so wholesome, so simple, soplicated. No fancy schools to get o, no apartments to compare. Itlooked pleasant there, outhe bleak but weirdly alluringslate of glistening frost punctuated only by playful tykes10toting their homemadebuckets.ches to scho

54、ol in swinging8.The narrator would most likely characterize the dSesame Streetasction of Alaska onA.B.C.D.E.lurid idyllic eclectic nebulousTriteout选 B。从文章的整个 Tone 发现，文章是正向的，说的是 The child rusheso the crisp fresh air to meet other children, laughing stlyout inthe bleak but weirdly alluring slate of gl

55、istening frost punctuated only byplayful tykes toting their homemadeches to school in swinging buckets.整个节奏就是悠闲和愉快的。所以选项中除了B 外都呈现负。9.In context, the referentoto “fancy schools” and apartments” (line 8) serveA.B.C.D.E.illustrate the glamour of urban environmentssuggest some concerns the narrator may

56、haveestablish a contrast betn past and present lifestylesindicate the narrators distaste for rural livingchallenge the stereotyped view of a region选B。对应原文It looked pleasant there, outhe bleak but weirdlyalluring slate of glistening frost punctuated only by playful tykes toting theirhomemadeches to s

57、chool in swinging buckets.Questions 10-16 are based on the following passagesThese passages discuss Leroy “Satchel” Paige (1906 ?一1982), a star profesal baseball pitcher who continuedto play sucsfully wen when he was much older n any oth ayer. Passage I is adapted from u 1994 biography： Passage 2 fr

58、om Paiges autobiographyPassage 1When was Satchel Paige born? The myriad answerstot question havee one of the greatest sportsenigmas of nil time and play a huge part in bringing a senseof mynd mystery to Paiges life. When the Clevelandns owner Bill Veeck signed Paige in 1948. Veeck5did as much to obf

59、uscateiean ie he stokedconstantly as a public relations gimdid himself. For aid and comfortas Satchel everhis, Veeck could counton the succor 一witting or unwilling or perhaps both 一 ofLula Coleman Paige, Satchels mother.10Lula Paige confided to a sportswritert her son was inface three years olderlat

60、er，she had anothern he was thought to be; a few yearsphany. He was，she said, two yearsolder. This she knew because she had written down the year of his birth in her Bible, and it said, right there, plain as day, “1904.”When Satchel Paige committed his memoirs to pr15in 1962, though, he wasnt ready t