高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习

1、高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？Part1：知识点讲解1类属法即通过类属来推测词义。如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.说明：从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas,oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。2推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitw

2、illbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思应该是“很大”了。Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest.说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。3列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.说明：像dogs和monkeys之类的“cr

3、eatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。4构词法即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：Overworkmaycausediseases.说明：前缀over-的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。Therewasadissatisfiedl

4、ookinthemanagerseyes.说明：satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的”。5对比法即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.说明：句中的but表明deteriorate应该与getbetter的意思相反，即“恶化”。Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.说明：上文说两个经济上的

5、极端，那么下文中penury应与greatwealth相对，即表示“贫困”。Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.说明：while表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious应是silent的反义，即“多嘴的”。Ifyouagree,drawacircle;andacrossifyoudissent.说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。6同位法同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。如：Hisfatherisanexpertinp

6、honetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.说明：同位语thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage表示phonetics的意思应该是“语音学”。Jeanwasbornwithspinabifida,abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine(脊骨).说明：同位语abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine表明了spinabifida是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。7释义法即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如：Theydescribedhimasaloon,oramadman.说明：句中的or

7、是对loon的解释，即loon与amadman同义，即表示“疯子”。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.说明：句中的thatis表明itwillbreakeasily是对brittle的解释，从而猜测出其意为“脆”。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout500yuanayear.说明：定语从句wholooksaftersheep表明herdsman的词义为“牧人”。Therearethreekindsofsnow.Onekindisafluffysnowthatiss

8、omewhatdryandfeathery?说明：定语从句thatissomewhatdryandfeathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明fluffysnow的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。8常识法即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如：ItssaidthatBillGatesisthemostaffluentpersonintheworld.说明：根据常识，BillGates为世界首富，所以affluent可能是“富有的”Asascientist,Edisonisveryfamousforhiscontrivances.说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。Part2：例

9、题解析Eg1：Buthesnervous.ImheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushouldshouldChristripsonthe-ld,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.VoteformeExceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitesth

10、erestoftheclasstopraisehim.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordstumblesinparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.【答案】A【解析】本题考查词义猜测。由第二段中提到的Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers以及exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知这里

11、的划线单词stumbles指的是演讲中的不足即前文提到的发音问题导致的不适当的停顿。故此题选A。Eg2：Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglo

12、balizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsdominantunderlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.【答案】C根据第二段后半部分dominantlanguag

13、essuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover,列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择powerful。Eg3：Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfr

14、ozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.3.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.【答案】D词义猜测题。根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到机器的上部，然后看到冰淇淋从下面出来

15、，可以推断出ajuicer是一台机器，故选D。Eg4：Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatchersproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupand

16、outthesideofthehole.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.【答案】B根据Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatchersproductivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在而潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞

17、，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。Part3：课后练习Exercise1ThiswasthetemperatureinBanak,NorwayonJuly30,thoughsomeNorwegianareasevenreachedacoupledegreeswarmer,accordingtotheEuropeanSevereWeatherDatabase.BanaksitsatopnorthernEurope,over350milesabovethebottomedgeoftheArcticCircle.TheNorthernHe

18、misphereandEuropeitselfhavebeenrepeatedlyscorchedbybothrecordandnear-recordtemperaturesthissummerasaconsequenceofoverallrisingglobaltemperatures.Inthepast40years,Earthsclimatehasexperiencedanacceleratedwarmingtrend,whichaddsanextralevelofbackgroundwarmingtohotspellsmakingheatwavesmoreextreme,climate

19、scientistshavesaid.1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“scorched”?ABurned.BAchieved.CScored.DReached.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据“TheNorthernHemisphereandEuropeitselfhavebeenrepeatedlyscorchedbybothrecordandnearrecordtemperatures.”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”，

20、故选A项。Exercise2Inanewreviewofpreviouslypublishedstudies,researchersfromGermanyandDenmarktookalookatthewaysinwhichnoises,suchasanairplanepassingbyorjackhammerdiggingintheground,canaffectourhearts.Perhapsthemostobviousimpactofaloudsoundwhileyouaresleepingisthatitcanwakeyouup.But,evenifyoudontrememberhe

21、aringthenoiseoryoudontphysicallygetoutofbed,itcandisruptyouinwaysyoumaynotrealize.2.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“disrupt”?ADefeat.BHarm.CAffect.DDiscourage.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But,evenifyoudontrememberhearingthenoiseoryoudontphysicallygetoutofbed,itcandisruptyouinwaysyoumaynotrealize”可知，但是

22、，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害，故选B项。Exercise3SchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheU.S.A.Thatsnosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.Theyimmediatelyendthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling(标记)thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywillnotpaytoomuchatten

23、tiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthewrongclothes.3.InParagraph1,thewordbenefitsprobablymeans_.A.tasksB.messagesC.differencesD.advantages【答案】D猜测词义。从下文看，作者例数校服的诸多好处，显然“benifits在此有“优点，好处”之义。其他三词tasks(任务)，messages(信息)，differences(不同)，意思相差甚远。Exercise4Now,itistimetorealizethata

24、nimalshavethesamerighttolifeaswedoandthatthereisnothingfairorrightaboutapersonwithagunshootingtheharmlessandbeautifulcreatures.Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.If,astheywouldhaveyoubelieve,gun-carryingandkillingimprovehumancharacter,thenperhapsweshouldencouragewar.4：Theunderlinedwordagonyinthelas