福建省2021～2022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题

1、试卷第 =page 21 21页，共 =sectionpages 21 21页试卷第 =page 1 1页，共 =sectionpages 3 3页福建省20212022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解If youre looking for some books to read, the following may be your best choices.Team Human by Douglas RushkoffDouglas Rushkoff believes we are essentially social creatures, and t

2、hat we achieve our greatest goals when we work together, not as individuals. However, he says todays society is threatened by many elements that weaken our ability to connect. He calls on us to take action.Climate-A New Story by Charles EisensteinWith an entire chapter stating climate change, Charle

3、s Eisenstein advocates expanding our limited focus on carbon emissions to see the broader picture beyond our short-sighted and incomplete approach. He thinks rivers, forests and the creatures of nature are valuable in their own right, not simply for preventing a rise in temperature.Who Can You Trust

4、? by Rachel BotsmanIn this book, Rachel Botsman reveals that we are at the point of one of the biggest social transformations in human history. She says we might have lost faith in many other people, but millions of people exchange digital currencies or find themselves trusting a robot. She says if

5、we are to benefit from this shift, we must understand the mechanics of how trust is built, managed, lost and repaired in the digital age.The Happiness Fantasy by Carl CederstromCarl Cederstrom traces our present-day conception of happiness. He argues that happiness is now defined by a desire to expe

6、rience physical pleasure. He says, however, there is a vision of the good life which promotes deeper engagement with the world. Guided by this more reasonable worldview, we will present ourselves with a new image.1What does Team Human focus on?AIndividuals ability.BTeamwork.CSocial events.DCreatures

7、.2Who introduces climate change to readers?ADouglas Rushkoff.BRachel Botsman.CCharles Eisenstein.DCarl Cederstrom.3Which book calls on readers to attach importance to mental pleasure?ATeam Human.BClimate-A New Story.CWho Can You Trust?DThe Happiness Fantasy.【答案】1B2C3D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本值得阅读的书。1

8、细节理解题。根据第二段“Douglas Rushkoff believes we are essentially social creatures, and that we achieve our greatest goals when we work together, not as individuals. (格拉斯拉什科夫认为，我们本质上是群居动物，当我们一起工作时，我们才能实现我们最大的目标，而不是以个体的身份。)”可知，Team Human这本书关注的是团队合作。故选B。2细节理解题。根据第三段“With an entire chapter stating climate chang

9、e, Charles Eisenstein advocates expanding our limited focus on carbon emissions to see the broader picture beyond our short-sighted and incomplete approach.( Charles Eisenstein用一整个章节阐述了气候变化，他主张扩大我们对碳排放的有限关注，以超越我们短视和不完整的方法，看到更广阔的前景。)”可知，Charles Eisenstein在Climate-A New Story一书中介绍了气候变化。故选C。3推理判断题。根据最后

10、一段“He argues that happiness is now defined by a desire to experience physical pleasure. He says, however, there is a vision of the good life which promotes deeper engagement with the world. (他认为，现在的幸福常被定义为物质享乐。然而，他说，对于美好生活的幻想应该是人们更多去了解世界)”可推断，The Happiness Fantasy这本书呼吁人们重视精神愉悦。故选D。On one day of May,

11、 when Jared Garcia got home from work, he opened the fridge and saw four different pizza boxes from four different restaurants. “Its pretty embarrassing, but its the truth,” Jared said.At 129 kilograms, the 27-year-old would sit on the couch watching TV, without energy left after conquering the work

12、day. Late-night snacks included popcorn and ice cream. Gradually, his clothes felt like getting smaller every time he did laundry. Also, Jared missed the feeling he got when he used to play sports as a teenager.Together, he and his girlfriend, Bella MacDonald, decided to make a change to lifestyle.

13、They had talked about doing it before, but this time, it stuck. They didnt want to look back 20 years from now realizing they should have made changes to be healthier then.First, they would start going to the gym. But they didnt want to put in the hours of fitness without having the right diet to br

14、ing up their energy levels. They would eat their meals between 8 am and 6 pm each day. This helped them kick the late-night snacking habit. “You stop mindless eating in the evening. Youre also eating in sync (同步) with your circadian rhythm (昼夜节律), which is more favorable for weight loss,” said Jared

15、.They immediately noticed their energy levels started to pick back up as they started eating pizza for proteins like turkey alongside vegetables. “When were eating only during a ten-hour period, we do want to follow good nutritional guidelines, including protein, fiber, enough fluids in our diet as

16、well,” Jared said.Jared loved eating healthier options, but always had a hard time getting up to go to the gym. For Bella, food was a weakness, but she was excited to get up and work out. Anyway, they would stay the course.4What can we know about Jared from paragraph 2?AHe kept slim all the time.BHe

17、 once had bad eating habits.CHe forgot to play sports.DHe worked late into the night.5What does the underlined word “stuck” mean in paragraph 3?APaid off.BStarted early.CBecame accepted.DRemained uncertain.6What did Jared and Bella do besides going to the gym?AThey stopped getting proteins and fiber

18、.BThey tried to find out their weaknesses.CThey avoided eating late-night snacks.DThey asked friends to work out together.7How was Jared and Bellas losing weight?ATough.BUnexpected.CInteresting.DHeartbreaking.【答案】4B5C6C7A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公贾里德意识到自己的肥胖问题后，开始戒掉夜宵零食，与女友贝拉一起开始运动，追求健康的生活方式。4推理判断题。

19、根据第二段关键句“Late-night snacks included popcorn and ice cream.”（深夜小吃包括爆米花和冰淇淋。）可知，贾里德会在深夜吃爆米花和冰淇淋，由此可知，从第二段我们可以了解到贾里德曾经有过不良的饮食习惯，深夜吃垃圾食品。故选B项。5词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“They had talked about doing it before”（他们以前说过要做这件事）和下句“They didnt want to look back 20 years from now realizing they should have made changes to b

20、e healthier then.”（他们不想在20年后回首往事，才意识到他们当时应该做出改变，以变得更健康。）可知，贾里德和女友以前说过要改变生活方式，但直到这次，他们才真正接受这个想法，因为他们不想在20年后感到后悔，“Became accepted”意为“被接受”，指改变生活方式的想法被二人接受了，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。6细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“They would eat their meals between 8 am and 6 pm each day. This helped them kick the late-night snacking ha

21、bit.”（他们每天早上8点到下午6点之间吃饭。这有助于他们改掉深夜吃零食的习惯。）可知，贾里德和女友除了去健身房外，还坚持每天早上8点到下午6点之间吃饭，改掉深夜吃零食的习惯，由此可知，贾里德和贝拉除了去健身房还避免吃深夜零食。故选C项。7推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Jared loved eating healthier options, but always had a hard time getting up to go to the gym. For Bella, food was a weakness, but she was excited to get up and work

22、 out. Anyway, they would stay the course.”（贾里德喜欢吃更健康的食物，但总是很难起床去健身房。对贝拉来说，食物是一个弱点，但她对起床锻炼感到很兴奋。无论如何，他们会坚持到底。）可知，在减肥的过程中，贾里德很难起床去健身房，贝拉很难控制饮食，由此可推断出，贾里德和贝拉的减肥过程是艰难的。故选A项。Sea plants like marine algae (海洋藻类), seagrass and mangroves (红树林) provide habitats for many marine creatures including shrimp, fish

23、 and other small creatures. In some way, these plants keep the steady of the environment on the bottom of the sea that might otherwise be damaged by sea waves, sunlight and other climate change.In mankinds view, mangroves offer a safeguard against storms such as hurricanes, protecting the inland are

24、as where people live, especially in places like the coastlines of Florida and Louisiana.Marine algae, seagrass and mangroves play another vital role for many marine creatures-that of a baby room. Many marine animals lay eggs in these areas because their young have a better chance of avoiding hunters

25、 while hidden in the plants.Many animals rely on these plants as a main food source as well. Sea urchins (海胆) are just one example of some marine creatures that eat marine algae, keeping the algae from over-growth for its health. Without these vital plants, lots of marine animals would have little p

26、rotection from the hunters and human activities.Pollution and fertilizer run-off, damage from boat grounding and human-caused stresses on natural water systems are just a few types of threats that impact these weak ecosystems. The effects of the oil run-off in combination with these pre-existent con

27、ditions are difficult to predict. However, it is certain that the results will not be good for the already stressed environments that many species of marine life call home.When exposed to the oil and the chemicals used to clean up the run-off, the sea plants themselves are directly affected. But in

28、addition, the marine animals that depend on these plants as food and shelter are also impacted, and the rest of the food web will feel the effect.8What do the mangroves mean to the people in Florida?ATheir security blankets.BTheir food sources.CTheir hiding places.DTheir homes.9Why do many marine an

29、imals produce their young in the three plants?ATo handle climate change.BTo search for food.CTo look for room.DTo seek shelter.10What relationship do sea urchins and marine algae have?AInterdependent.BUnfriendly.CCooperative.DCompetitive.11What may be the indirect result of the oil run-off?AThe food

30、 web will be rebuilt.BThe sea plants will grow widely.CPeoples health will be under threat.DPeople will use chemicals to clean it up.【答案】8A9D10A11C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋藻类、海草和红树林对于海洋生物和海洋环境非常重要，然而它们面临着很多的威胁。8细节理解题。根据第二段“In mankinds view, mangroves offer a safeguard against storms such as hurricane

31、s, protecting the inland areas where people live, especially in places like the coastlines of Florida and Louisiana.”（在人类看来，红树林可以抵御飓风等风暴，保护人们居住的内陆地区，尤其是佛罗里达州和路易斯安那州的海岸线。）可知，红树林对佛罗里达州的人们意味着是他们的安全毯。故选A。9细节理解题。根据第三段“Marine algae, seagrass and mangroves play another vital role for many marine creatures-

32、that of a baby room. Many marine animals lay eggs in these areas because their young have a better chance of avoiding hunters while hidden in the plants.”（对于许多海洋生物来说，海藻、海草和红树林扮演着婴儿房的另一个重要角色。许多海洋动物在这些区域产卵，因为它们的幼崽隐藏在植物中时有更好的机会避开猎人。）可知，许多海洋动物会在这三种植物中繁殖后代是到这些地方来寻求庇护的。故选D。10推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Many animals re

33、ly on these plants as a main food source as well. Sea urchins (海胆) are just one example of some marine creatures that eat marine algae, keeping the algae from over-growth for its health.”（许多动物也依赖这些植物作为主要食物来源。海胆只是一些食用海藻的海洋生物的一个例子，为了健康，海胆可以防止海藻过度生长。）可知，海胆以海藻为食。与此同时，海胆能防止海藻过度生长，以保持海藻的健康。由此可见，海胆和海藻之间有着相

34、互依赖的关系。故选A。11推理判断题。根据最后一段“When exposed to the oil and the chemicals used to clean up the run-off, the sea plants themselves are directly affected. But in addition, the marine animals that depend on these plants as food and shelter are also impacted, and the rest of the food web will feel the effect.

35、”（当暴露在石油和用于清理径流的化学品中时，海洋植物本身会受到直接影响。但除此之外，依赖这些植物作为食物和庇护所的海洋动物也会受到影响，食物网的其他部分也会受到影响。）可知，石油泄露使海洋生态和食物链受到影响，而这些也必然会影响到人类的健康。故选C。Lithium-ion（锂离子）batteries are the current front-runners for storing renewable energy, but their components can be expensive. Zinc（锌）batteries are easier on the wallet and the

36、planet, but lab experiments are now pointing to ways around their primary drawback: They cant be recharged over and over for decades.The need for grid-scale（电网规模的）battery storage is growing as increasing amounts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy come online. This year, America is committed

37、to making the American electricity grid carbon-free by 2035. To even out dips in supply, much of that renewable power will have to be stored for hours or days, and then fed back into the grid. For California alone, it wants to deploy（部署）more than 8800 megawatts of rechargeable batteries by 2026, and

38、 last week, the governor of California proposed $350 million in state funding to develop long-duration energy storage technologies. “That trend will not go down. It will only continue to grow,” says Mark Baggio, vice president for business development at Zinc8 Energy Solutions, a zinc battery produc

39、er.“For power storage, Lithium-ion is the 800-pound gorilla,” says Michael Burz, CEO of EnZinc, a zinc battery startup, “but lithium, a relatively rare metal thats only mined in a handful of countries, is too scarce and expensive to back up the worlds grids. We need an alternative to lithium. Zinc b

40、atteries may be one of the options.”Non-rechargeable zinc batteries have been on the market for decades. More recently, some zinc rechargeable batteries have also been commercialized, but they tend to have limited energy storage capacity. Another technology, zinc flow cell batteries, is also making

41、big steps. But it requires more complex pumps and tanks to operate.So, researchers are now working to improve other varieties including zinc-air cells. They say although its urgent, there is a long way to go before they find a solution.12What do we know about grid-scale battery storage?AIt lacks fin

42、ancial support.BIt has crucial breakthroughs.CIt meets the public demands.DIts market is huge.13What is Michael Burzs attitude to zinc batteries for energy storage?ASkeptical.BSupportive.CConservative.DDisappointed.14What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Zinc batteries?ATheir improvements.BThei

43、r popularity.CTheir functions.DTheir disadvantages.15Which can be the best title for the text?ACarbon free: a long-term goal to achieveBZinc batteries: a possible solution to power storageCRenewable energy: the unlimited resource of powerDLithium-ion batteries: the front-runners for storing energy【答

44、案】12D13B14D15B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。锂离子电池是目前贮存可再生能源的领跑者，但它的造价很高。锌电池造价低且分布更广，但它却不能长期地反复充电。因此，研究人员急需研发可信赖的可再生能源贮存技术。12细节理解题。根据第二段“The need for grid-scale（电网规模的）battery storage is growing as increasing amounts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy come online. (随着越来越多的太阳能、风能和其他可再生能源投入使用，对电网规模的电池存储的需求也在

45、增长。)”可知，电网规模的电池贮存有着巨大的市场。故选D。13推理判断题。根据第三段“We need an alternative to lithium. Zinc batteries may be one of the options.( 我们需要锂的替代品。锌电池可能是一种选择。)”可知，Michael Burz认为锌电池是代替锂离子电池的选择之一，可推断他对于锌电池在贮存能源方面持支持态度。故选B。14主旨大意题。根据第四段“More recently, some zinc rechargeable batteries have also been commercialized, but

46、 they tend to have limited energy storage capacity.(最近，一些锌充电电池也已经商业化，但它们往往有有限的能量存储能力。)”可知，本段主要讲了锌电池的一些缺点。故选D。15主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍鉴于目前贮存可再生能源技术存在缺陷，锌电池有可能解决能源贮存的问题。所以“Zinc batteries: a possible solution to power storage(锌电池：一种可能的电力存储解决方案)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。二、七选五Usually, you spend most of your time at h

47、ome. _16_ However, with all the smells a home experiences, such as those created by cooking, people and pets, keeping it smelling good is often a difficult task. A bad-smelling home is not only unpleasant to visit, but gives the impression that your home is also unclean, which isnt always the case.

48、Fortunately, you can keep your home smelling fresh and clean with a few techniques._17_ Additionally, pick up any objects from the floor, such as clothing or towels, and place them in the box. Wash your dishes daily, which will keep your home smelling fresh.Dust the objects in your home once weekly.

49、 Rub a soft cloth over your television and top of furniture to remove the dusty layer. Use a polishing spray for extra shine.Wash your bedclothes on a weekly basis. Sheets, blankets and pillow cases often hold germs, which cause a smell to occur. So wash them regularly. _18_ Bathe your dog and its b

50、edding regularly. A dogs smell can transmit from the animal to your floors, furniture and bedclothes. Wash the dog to prevent smells, as well as dirt, mud and other materials from being transferred from your dog to your items in your home. _19_ Brushing daily can also release smells and materials th

51、at can cause the dog to create a foul smell in your home.Shampoo（用洗涤剂洗）your carpets. _20_ So the dirty carpets can make your entire home smell not-so-fresh. Cleaning carpets can remove any trapped smells as well.AMost dogs like having a bath.BWipe down your kitchen daily.CYou find your home is alway

52、s in a mess.DSmells often become trapped in the material.EMost dogs benefit from an once-a-week bath.FObviously, its worthwhile to spend time on them.GIt is certain that you want a home which smells fresh.【答案】16G17B18F19E20D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些使家里保持干净和气味清新的措施。16根据前一句“Usually, you spend most of

53、your time at home.（通常，你的大部分时间都是在家里度过的）”可知，待在家里的时候肯定想要一个整洁的环境和闻起来清新的家。G项“你肯定想要有一个闻起来清新的家”符合语境。故选G。17根据空后“Additionally, pick up any objects from the floor, such as clothing or towels, and place them in the box. Wash your dishes daily, which will keep your home smelling fresh.（此外，从地板上捡起任何物品，如衣服或毛巾，并将其放

54、入盒子中。每天洗碗，这会让你的家保持清新。）”可知，本段主要讲述怎么做才能保持家里清新整洁的具体措施，B项“每天打扫厨房”也是具体的举措之一，符合语境。故选B。18根据前文“Wash your bedclothes on a weekly basis.（每周洗一次床上用品。）”可知，每周洗一次床上用品也是保持家里整洁清新的必要措施，所以花费一些时间也是必要的。F项“显然，花时间在这些问题上是值得的。”符合语境。故选F。19根据前文“Bathe your dog and its bedding regularly.（定期给你的狗和它的被褥洗澡。）”可知，保持家里清新的必要措施是给狗和它的被褥洗澡

55、，E项中的Most dogs呼应本文中的主题。“benefit from an once-a-week bath（从每周的洗澡中受益）”能够承接下文，讲述了给狗洗澡的好处。故选E。20根据“Shampoo（用洗涤剂洗）your carpets.（用洗涤剂清洗地毯）”可知，本段讲述为什么要清洗地毯，D项的the material指的是carpets，以及空后“So the dirty carpets can make your entire home smell not-so-fresh.（所以脏地毯会让你的整个家闻起来不那么清新。）”可知，难闻的气味会藏在毛毯下，D项能够承上启下，符合语境。故

56、选D。三、完形填空Life was simpler when I was a child. There were no computers, mobile telephones, or what we would consider _21_ technology. The same could be said for Durham, North Carolina, where I grew up. I am going to take you back to a(n) _22_ Sunday when I was a kid.My grandma was the mother of the h

57、ousehold. “Chris,” she would _23_, waking me up at the crack of dawn so I could get ready for a community _24_. I rolled out of bed, opening my eyes to the _25_ shining into my room. Opening my closet (壁橱), I _26_ my Sunday best. Even though it was still warm, I threw on my trousers and _27_ my shoe

58、s.After the gathering, I _28_ across the road to find Marc, my best friend. We ran into the _29_. I hid from Marc, hoping he would not find me. I listened _30_ to his footsteps, making them out as he walked on the orange and red leaves.When I got home, my grandma was not at all _31_ at the dirt on m

59、y face. After my _32_, I set the table for our special dinner of fried chicken. Soon after, I lay down in my room, _33_ myself with a blanket, quietly thinking what would happen the next day.Nowadays, although I live in a big city, I always _34_ Im still 12 years old. I always thank the _35_ years f

60、or giving me so much.21AusefulBspecialCmodernDpractical22AhistoricBtraditionalCoriginalDtypical23ArespondBscreamCinterruptDscold24AgameBperformanceCgatheringDinterview25AsunriseBlightningCflashDlamp26Apicked outBpointed outCcarried outDleft out27AboughtBshinedCstoredDchecked28AcameBrolledCboundedDgo