蒙大英美概况教案

1、 LectureOne The Country and People (I) The focus of teaching: the Country Teaching aim: let the students know the general knowledge of British geography and natural resources. Teaching style: instruction and group discussion.Teaching procedure:warming-up exercises General introduction to Great Brita

2、in and its natural conditions by PowerPoint;C. Discussion on the assignment;D. Assignment on information- gathering A. warming-up exercises a. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.b. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. c. The British I

3、sles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.d. British Islese. Britain f. Great Britain LectureOneThe Country and People (I)The CountryI. The LocationThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in Western Europ

4、e and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America. It is an insular(海岛的、岛国的） country. It is one of the co

5、untries with longest coastline. Its coastline runs 12,429 km. The neighboring countries of Britain include France, Holland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Irish Republic, and the Iceland（8 countries). The mainland areas lie between latitudes (纬度）49N and 59N (the Shetland Islands reach to nea

6、rly 61N), and longitudes （经度）8W to 2E. The Straits of Dover between France and England is quite narrow and it is 33 km across. In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by

7、road. This channel tunnel was opened to traffic in May 1994 after eight years hard work.II. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.Englandis divided into nine governmental regions. England England occupies the southern part of Great Britain and is impor

8、tant part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population. It has an area of more than 130,000 square kilometers and it takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. The west and southwest is a plateau, with rolling plain, downs and moors. The west coast is deeply indented. They supply many splendid harbo

9、rs for ships. The south coast is fairly straight, a line of low cliffs backed by rolling down. London is Capital of England and Britain. London is the Capital of BritainAs the UK was greatly influenced by different invaders, it has various styles in building, language and food. In some small towns f

10、irst built by the Romans, you will find some historical attractions, where you can learn something about British culture. London is the greatest historical treasure of all the cities. There are various museums, art collections, theatres, and buildings there. Scotland Scotland is in the north of Grea

11、t Britain. It retained its own parliament until 1707, when, by the Act of Union, Scotland and the Kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Great Britain. In Scotland there are three natural zones: The Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands and the southern Up

12、lands. Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers, less than30% of the whole island, with a population of more than 5 million , less than one-tenth of the total population. It has a good number of mountains and islands. There are 800 islands which contain Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney islands.

13、Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. WalesWales is in the west of Great Britain. It has an area of 20,761 square kilometers , less than 9% of the whole island while its population, about 2.7 million, does not exceed 5% of the whole. Most of Wales is mountainous. The hills rise steeply from the sea

14、and rather flat on top. 6% of Wales is covered with forest and much of the country is pastureland for sheep and cattle. Wales united England in 14th century. The capital of Wales is Cardiff.Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. It takes up the northern fifth of Ireland. It

15、 has an area of 14,147 square kilometers, population of one and a half million, about one-third of them are Roman Catholics. It is made up of six counties that consist of fertile, drumlin drmlin 鼓丘 country surrounding Lough Neagh. Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.IrelandThe other 26 Irish

16、counties obtained autonomy in 1921. Irish , often called Erse :s 爱尔兰, is a form of Gaelic. Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山)is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m). Snowdonia(斯诺多尼亚)is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m） III. Climate and Weather Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives Englan

17、d a varied climate. People never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As Britain has such a variable climate changing from from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. Changeable and unpredictable are the two words that

18、 come to mind when speaking of its climate. Britain has a maritimemritaim （海洋）climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. Britain is in the temperate climate zone and does not

19、have extremes of temperature or rainfall. The Gulf Stream, a large Atlantic Ocean current of warm water from the Gulf of Mexico, keeps winters quite mild whilst during summertime, warm but not excessively hot temperatures are experienced. The factors influence the climate in Britain : a）The surround

20、ing waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; b）The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; c）The North Atlan

21、tic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The island is small compared with the other land masses in the northern hemisphere hence Britain is more influenced by the ocean compared with other European countries, and the Gulf Stream （墨西哥湾流） (a warm current of the northern

22、Atlantic Ocean) helps to keep winters milder compared with other landlocked nations with a similar latitude.Precipitation also varies throughout Britain. Western Britain, particularly the parts on higher ground, receives considerable rainfall. Most of this is frontal rainfall but there is also relie

23、f rainfall due to the mountains such as the Lake District and the Welsh Mountains. Parts of Scotland can receive over 250 cm or 100 inches of precipitation per year. Eastern Britain, particularly southeastern parts, receive much less rainfall. Areas of the southeast may receive only 50 cm or 20 inch

24、es of precipitation per year. Much of eastern Britain lies in the rain shadow of hills and mountains such as the Lake District, the Peak District and the Scottish Highlands. IV. Rivers and lakesSevern River(塞文河)is the longest river in Britain (338km). Thames River(泰晤士河)is the second longest and most

25、 important river in Britain. (336km). The River Thames, the second largest and the most important river in Britain, originates in southwestern England and flows through the Midlands of England to London and empties into the North Sea. River Clyde(克莱德河)is the most important river in Scotland. Lough N

26、eagh讷湖（内伊湖） is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres). Cultural NotesHighland Zone 山区大不列颠岛北部和西部大都是山地。Lowland Zone 平原区大不列颠岛南部和东南部，大都是平原区Lake District 湖泊区在英格兰西北部、奔宁山西侧。这里的山多奇峰，湖泊不大，但很多，风景极佳。英国文学史中的“湖畔派诗人”（Lake Poets）即源于此地。sensitive to privacy 对于涉及个人隐私

27、的问题很敏感英国的价值观的基础是个人主义，社会保护个人权利不受侵犯，人们交谈不得涉及个人隐私May Day 五朔节英国的“五朔节”是在每年的5月5日，类似中国的“清明节”（Pure Brightness），冬去春来，人们到田野里踏青，采五月花（Mayflower）装饰住室，并载歌载舞欢庆。6. Westerly wind belt 西风带来自大西洋的西风，常年影响英国，这是英国的气候温和多雨的主要原因之一。雪莱的名诗西风颂（Ode to the West Wind）的创作灵感也受此影响。英国人讨厌东风，因此也不买东风牌产品，因为东风来自欧洲大陆，往往给英国带来坏天气和寒流。Assignment

28、1. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?2. Compare some Chinese customs with the English ones. What do you know about the English eating habits? Extension Lecture TwoBritish Government Sys

29、tem (By Wang Yan)Main points:Government SystemMonarch ConstitutionElectionPolitical PartiesParliament What is Government?Government is a political organization comprising the individuals and institutions authorized to formulate public policies and conduct affairs of state. Governments are classified

30、 in a great many ways and from a wide variety of standpoints. Monarchy:Monarchy is a form of government in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime. Republican governmentIt is a form of state based on the concept that sovereignty resides in the pe

31、ople, who delegate the power to rule in their behalf to elected representatives and officials.Democracy:Democracy is a political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. Federalism:Federalism, also referred to as federal government, is a n

32、ational or international political system in which two levels of government control the same territory and citizens. Unitary system :Most countries are unitary systems, with laws giving virtually all authority to the central government. The central government may delegate duties to cities or other a

33、dministrative units, but it retains final authority.the British system of government is constitutional monarchy The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is said to be reigned over the Monarch, but she does not rule. Britain is regarded as a democracy in the Western World because the

34、real power of government is invested with elective officials. The participation of the monarch in government, a kind of formality and historical legacy, is limited by the basic law known as the constitution (not necessarily in a written form). It is for this reason that the British system of governm

35、ent is known as constitutional monarchy.Constitutional MonarchyDefinition: A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchical government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges an elected or hereditary monarch as head of state.The monarch is regarded as the head of state but the

36、 prime minister is head of government.The United KingdomA monarchic, democratic&unitary statesA Monarchic government The present monarch: Queen Elizabeth 11 Limited power: the Queen can only rule with the advice of parliament.(P1&2&3)A democratic governmentIts members of parliament are elected by th

37、e people.Three parts of parliament: The House of Lords, The House of Commons, and the MonarchThe House of Commons is involved in both the legislative and executive branches of the British government. There is no separation of powers between executive and legislature. A Unitary governmentIts central

38、government with the PM as the leader is very strong. presides over the Cabinet, allocates functions among ministers Informs the Queen of the general business of the Government Recommends a number of appointments to the Queen Monarch In modern Britain, Monarchy might seem obsolete, but could not be a

39、bolished.In modern Britain, where class and privilege are no longer as important as they used to be, an institution like the monarchy might seem obsolete. Indeed, from time to time a few prominent peopleinside and outside Parliamentclaim that, in the current political and economic situation, the mon

40、archy is an unnecessary extravagance. But any serious attempt to abolish the monarchy would meet with violent opposition from all sectors of British society. Royal family&lifeExample family& Exposed lifeThe royal family occupies the position of First Family and is expected to set an example in both

41、public and private life. With the growth of the modern media industrypress, radio, televisionthe official and unofficial lives of royalty are becoming increasingly exposed: The Queen is in the news almost every day: either as a public figure visiting a hospital, attending a gala concert, launching a

42、 ship, welcoming a foreign head of state or as a private person going to church, watching a horse race, holidaying at her private Scottish home, Balmoral Castle Interest in the royal family is not confined to the UK. The press in America and Europe constantly publish news and gossip about Britains F

43、irst Family. Queens jobsDomestic and international affairs:Conferring honoursDay-to-day workings of government Privy councilHead of the Church of EnglandThe Monarchs consort Qualifications:(1) from a noble family,(2) with the consent of Parliament,(3) not a Roman Catholic.The Kings wifeQueen Consort

44、The Queens husbandPrince Consort; the Duke of Edinburgh; the Prince of the UKThe eldest son the Prince of WalesSymbol of the spirit of the CommonwealthThe Queens personal flag, used when she is representing the CommonwealthApart from the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II is also Queen of Canada, Australi

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49、x.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5&variant=zh-cn o 约克公爵约克公爵的长女.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=1988%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 1988年1988年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E5%90%89%E5%A6%AE%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB_(%E7%BA%A6%E5%85%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1 o 欧吉妮公主 (约克) (尚未撰写)约克的欧吉妮公主殿下（约克公

50、爵的次女.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=1990%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 1990年1990年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%A8%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)&action=edit&redlink=1 o 爱德华王子 (威塞克斯伯爵) (尚未撰写)威塞克斯伯爵爱德华王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的三子.HYPERLINK /w/index.php

51、?title=1964%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 1964年1964年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB_(%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5)&action=edit&redlink=1 o 詹姆士 (塞文子爵) (尚未撰写)塞文子爵詹姆士 （HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=

52、1 o 威塞克斯伯爵 (尚未撰写)威塞克斯伯爵的儿子.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=2007%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 2007年2007年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E8%8E%8E&action=edit&redlink=1 o 路易斯温莎 (尚未撰写)路易斯温莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的长女.HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=2003%E5%B9%B4&variant=zh-cn o 2003年20

53、03年生） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB&variant=zh-cn o 安妮公主安妮长公主殿下（伊丽莎白二世的女儿） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 彼得菲利浦斯 (尚未撰写)彼得菲利浦斯（安妮公主的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%8

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55、写)林莱子爵（HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96&variant=zh-cn o 乔治六世乔治六世的外孙，HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD)&variant=zh-cn o 玛格丽特公主 (英国)玛格丽特公主的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF

56、%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97-%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 查尔斯阿姆斯特朗-琼斯 (尚未撰写)查尔斯阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的儿子） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97-%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1 o 玛格丽塔

57、阿姆斯特朗-琼斯 (尚未撰写)玛格丽塔阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的女儿） HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1 o 萨拉切托 (尚未撰写)萨拉切托夫人（乔治六世的外孙女、玛格丽特公主的女儿） Coronation Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen.Time: an interval after the death of the old kingPlace: Westm

58、inster AbbeyFormality grand and pompousConductor : the Archbishop of CanterburyParticipants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guestsResidenceBuckingham Palace, Windsor Castle St, James Palaces. Besides, the monarch has several other palaces or castles all over the country. Questions 1.public opinions tow

59、ards the Monarch2. Why do the British people still have a great affection for the Queen？ConstitutionConstitution of the United KingdomUncodified law, consisting of both written and unwritten sourcesFlexibility Parliament has the ability to change any aspect of the constitution at will.Until recently

60、, there was no modern statute or document that attempted to codify the rights of citizens 1215年的大宪章(Magna Carta)，1259年的人民协定(Agreement of the People)1295年的禁征赋税条例(De Tallagio non Concendo)，1628年的权利请愿书(The Petition of right)，1653政府约法(The Instrument of Government)，1679年的人身保护法(The Habeas Corpus act)，1689