蒙大综合英语课件Unit4-4-language study

1、Part FourLanguage StudyENTERWord Study Phrases and Expressions Word BuildingGrammar Language StudyContentsWord StudyWord list:representelementsgropeacknowledgeclingcommitmentidentifyharsh desperate distinctionchallengestandoffWord Study1. representv. to stand for; to symbolize; to serve as an exampl

2、e ofExamples: The bald eagle represents the United States. The museum had several paintings representing the artists early style.representationrepresentativeWord formationWord Study2. elementsn. the forces that constitute the weather, especially severe or inclement weatherExample:The outside paint h

3、as been damaged by the elements.Word Study3. gropev. to reach or search about uncertainly; to feel ones wayExamples:groped for the telephonegrope for an answerfumbleSynonymWord Study 4. acknowledgev. to admit the existence, reality, or truth of, recognizeExample:He acknowledged that the purchase had

4、 been a mistake.Word formationacknowledgementWord Study v. a. to hold fast or adhere to sth., as by grasping, sticking, embracing b. to remain close; to resist separation c. to remain emotionally attached; to hold onExamples: He clung to the rope to keep from falling. These fabrics cling to the body

5、. We clung together in the storm. Clinging to outdated customs.5. clingadherestickholdSynonymsWord Study6. commitment n. the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or personsExamples: a deep commitment to liberal policies a profound commitment t

6、o the familyCommit: v. commit a crime They were committed to follow orders. He was too young to commit fully to marriage. The patient was committed to the hospital. commitment toUsageWord Studyv. to recognize or be able to nameExamples: Even the small baby can identify her mother by her voice. The p

7、olice officer identified himself and asked for our help.identical: a. exactly the same; very similaridentity: n. the qualities that make sth. or sb. different from others The tests are identical to those carried out last year. identity crisis7. identifyidenticalidentificationidentity unidentifiedWor

8、d formationWord Study8. harsh a. a. disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of hearing b. extremely, unnecessarily severe; unpleasant, unkind; sternExamples:“There is no alternative,” he said in a harsh voice.The child has a harsh upbringing life.The punishment is rather harsh for such a

9、 minor offence.huskycoarse bittercruelseveresternstrictSynonymsExamples: They are living in desperate poverty. desperate for recognition He felt a desperate urge to tell the truth.Word Study9. desperatea. a. having lost all hope; despairing b. suffering or driven by great need or distress c. extreme

10、ly intenseWord Study10. distinctionn. a. difference b. an honour in recognition of excellenceExamples:He said he would draw/make on distinction(s) between terrorism and murder.She has the distinction of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on by the university this year.d

11、istinctdistinctiveIndistinctWord formationWord Study11. challengen. v. a. to question, to dispute b. to call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition c. to summon to action, effort, or use; to stimulateconfrontdefydisputedoubtquestionSynonymsExamples:The book challenges established beliefs.He c

12、hallenged me to a game of chess.The problem challenges the imagination.Word Study12. standoffn. a situation in which neither side can gain an advantagea. (informal) disapproving slightly unfriendlyExample:The State Department was warning that this could lead to another diplomatic standoff.The end of

13、 Word Study.List:as sth. goesto be surebring to tears bring downrise to the challengein the line of dutyowe to on behalf oflet go of set oneself againstPhrases and ExpressionsExamples:As disasters go, this one was horrible, but not unique, certainly not among the worst U.S. air crashes on record. As

14、 businessmen go, he is pretty honest.1. as sth. goesPhrases and Expressionscompared with the average disasters of this type indeed, certainlyExample:To be sure, most people are law abiding, but crime remains a problem. 必须承认，绝大部分的人是遵纪守法的，但违法活动依然是个问题。2. to be surePhrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Exp

15、ressions3. bring to tears to make sb. cryExample: The happy news brought all of the people in the room to tears.v. a. to cause to fall or collapse b. to reduce the rate, level, or amountExamples:Strong wind brought down the power lines across the region.Our principal responsibility is to bring down

16、the level of unemployment.4. bring downPhrases and Expressions“bring” phrasesTo be continued on the next page.Phrases and Expressionscf.Major spending is required to bring about substantial improvements in housing. (to make sth. happen)The various departments have not yet brought forward their spend

17、ing plans. (to present, produce)If they can bring off he deal, they will be able to retire. (to succeed in doing sth. difficult) to deal successfully with a problem or a situation that is especially difficultExample: Its not an easy task, but Im sure John will rise to the challenge. 5. rise to the c

18、hallengePhrases and Expressionswhile workingExample: The police officer was killed in the line of duty.6. in the line of dutyPhrases and Expressions to be indebted or obliged for Example:She owes her good health to diet and exercise.7. owe toPhrases and Expressionsas the agent of; on the part ofExam

19、ples: A solicitor issued a statement on behalf of the family. He intervened with the immigration service on his behalf.8. on behalf ofPhrases and Expressionsto stop holding sb. or sth.Example: She refused to let go of her bag and kicked her attackers several times.9. let go ofPhrases and Expressions

20、 to cause people or groups to fight each other although they were in a friendly relationship beforeExample: It is a bitter industrial dispute that had set workers against workers.set sth. against sth.: to compare one thing with another This seasons results have been disappointing set against last ye

21、ars.10. set oneself againstPhrases and ExpressionsThe end of Phrases and Expressions.Word BuildingList:Prefixsur-Rootvit/vivSuffix -ly sur-=super: over; above; upon; additionalsurfacesurmountsurchargesurrendersurnamesurfeitsurtax表面爬上，增长额外费投降，放弃外号饮食过度附加税surviveprefixWord BuildingWord Buildingsurvive

22、rootvi: live, life vividvitalvitaminvivisectviablerevivevivacityvitalizedevitalizerevivify生动的有生机的维生素活体解剖能养活的使苏醒活泼激发使衰弱使复活 a. n.+-lyExamples: manly (= having the quality of a man) nightly (= every night)Suffix -lyMore ExamplesWord BuildingTo be continued on the next page. friend home cost mother scho

23、lar week year month day hourSuffix -lyWord Building friendly homely costly motherly scholarly weekly yearly monthly daily hourlyThe end of Word Building.GrammarAppositive clauseA construction in which a noun clause is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both having the same syntactic relation to the other elements in the sentenceTo be continued on the next page.ExamplesThere was the unusual element of the bridge, o