蒙大英语国家-英国概况课件02 Two British Government

1、 Lecture TwoBritish Government System ContentsWarm-Up 1Language Study2Detailed Study 3Extension4Warm-Up Discuss the Following Questions What are the three branches of the English parliament? What are the five titles of nobility?Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWho chooses the members of the Br

2、itish Cabinet?In which place are Kings and Queens crowned?Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWhere is the Monarchs residence in London?Whats the meaning of “parliament”?Obsolete : 过时的 Language Study Privy Council：枢密院 Consort ：配偶 Commonwealth ：英联邦国家 Constituency ：选区 Exposed life：公开的生活 Prerogative

3、：君权Language Study have the floor: 发言 hebeas corpus: 人身保护法 Legislature: 立法 coronation: 加冕 Chamber：议院Detailed StudyMonarchConstitutionElectionElectionPolitical PartiesParliament Monarch In modern BritainMonarchy might seem obsolete, but could not be abolished(P4)Royal family&lifeExample familyExposed

4、lifeQueens jobsDomestic and international affairs:Conferring honoursDay-to-day workings of government Privy councilHead of the Church of EnglandThe Monarchs consort Qualifications:(1) from a noble family,(2) with the consent of Parliament,(3) not a Roman Catholic.The Kings wifeQueen ConsortThe Queen

5、s husbandPrince Consort; the Duke of Edinburgh; the Prince of the UKThe eldest son the Prince of WalesSymbol of the spirit of the CommonwealthThe Queens personal flag, used when she is representing the CommonwealthSuccession Priority :-Sons and descendants-Daughters and descendants-Brothers and desc

6、endantsPrince of Wales目前的君主：伊丽莎白二世女王陛下威尔士亲王查尔斯王储殿下（伊丽莎白二世的长子） 威尔士的威廉王子殿下（查尔斯王储的长子） 威尔士的亨利王子殿下（查尔斯王储的次子） 约克公爵安德鲁王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的次子） 约克的比阿特丽斯公主殿下（约克公爵的长女.1988年生） 约克的欧吉妮公主殿下（约克公爵的次女.1990年生） 威塞克斯伯爵爱德华王子殿下（伊丽莎白二世的三子.1964年生） 塞文子爵詹姆士 （威塞克斯伯爵的儿子.2007年生） 路易斯温莎郡主（威塞克斯伯爵的长女.2003年生） 安妮长公主殿下（伊丽莎白二世的女儿） 彼得菲利浦斯（安妮公主的儿

7、子） 扎拉菲利浦斯（安妮公主的女儿） 林莱子爵（乔治六世的外孙，玛格丽特公主的儿子） 查尔斯阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的儿子） 玛格丽塔阿姆斯特朗-琼斯阁下（林莱子爵的女儿） 萨拉切托夫人（乔治六世的外孙女、玛格丽特公主的女儿） Coronation Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen.Time: an interval after the death of the old kingPlace: Westminster AbbeyFormality grand and pompousConductor : the A

8、rchbishop of CanterburyParticipants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guestsResidenceBuckingham Palace, Windsor Castle St, James Palaces. Besides, the monarch has several other palaces or castles all over the country. Constitution of the United KingdomUncodified law, consisting of both written and unwrit

9、ten sourcesFlexibility Parliament has the ability to change any aspect of the constitution at will.Until recently, there was no modern statute or document that attempted to codify the rights of citizens 1215年的大宪章(Magna Carta)，1259年的人民协定(Agreement of the People)1295年的禁征赋税条例(De Tallagio non Concendo)，

10、1628年的权利请愿书(The Petition of right)，1653政府约法(The Instrument of Government)，1679年的人身保护法(The Habeas Corpus act)，1689年的权利法典(The Bill of right)，1701年的王位继承法(The Act of Settlement)，1706年的苏格兰联合法(Act of Settlement)，1911年及1928年的国会法(The Parliament Act)，1914年的国家防卫法(Defense of the Rralm Acts)，1918年的人民代表法(The Rep

11、resentation of the People Act)，1925年高等法院法(Supreme Court of Judicature)，1928年的男女选举权平等法(The equale franchise act)，1931年的西敏寺条例(Statute of Westminster)，1936年的国王禅位法(the Abdication act)，1937年的摄政法(The Regency)，1947年的印度独立法(Indian Independence Act)，1963年的贵族法(Peerage Act)，1972年的国家豁免法，1972年的欧洲共同体法(European Com

12、munity Act) Key statutes and conventionsMagna Carter (1215):Magna Carta was the most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today: Clause 1 of Magna Carta guarantees the freedom of the English ChurchHabeas corpus Act 1679Habeas corpus is

13、 the name of a legal instrument or writ by means of which detainees can seek release from unlawful imprisonment.It is an important instrument for the safeguarding of individual freedom against arbitrary state action.Other ActsSee p72. P2&5Components of the British Constitution(P2)Acts of ParliamentT

14、he Prerogative of the CrownConventions of the ConstitutionCommon lawParliamentary PrivilegeBill of Rights in 1689Some important conventionsRelating to monarchy The Sovereign shall grant the Royal Assent to all Bills passed by Parliament The monarch will not dissolve Parliament without the advice of

15、the Prime Minister. The monarch will ask the leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons to form a government.All ministers are to be drawn from the House of Commons or the House of Lords. Election Election ProcedureTime span: 5 years.646 constituency Royal Proclamation Members of Parliamen

16、tWrits of ElectionProcess: gomark seal take to unlockcountMP (most votes) Choose a governmentFirst-past-the-post election systemMainly big parties organize governmentCoalition governmentThe leader becomes Prime MinisterChoose the members of the CabinetParliament -legislatureLegislature the House of

17、Lords, hereditary peers or peeresses, senior judges, church figures and life peers the House of Commons, members of parliament Three functions to examine proposals for new laws to observe government policy and administration to debate the major issues of the dayParliamentHouse of CommonsHouse of Lor

18、ds Opposition partiesGoverning partyGoverning partyOpposition parties&Crossbenchers(英下院既非执政党也非在野党的)中立议员, 中立人士 Shadow ministers (影子内阁)Whips (党鞭)BackbenchersGovernmentPrime minister Ministers MinistersWhips WhipsWhipsBackbenchersLordsBishopsbackbenchersbackbenchersMonarchUK ParliamentUK GovernmentScot

19、tish ParliamentWelshAssemblyNorthern IrishAssemblyEnglish localgovernmentScottish localgovernmentWelsh local governmentNorthern Irish localgovernmentPolitical frame workThe House of Commons is far more influential than the House of Lords. The chief executive is the prime minister, who is a member of

20、 the House of Commons. The executive branch also includes Her Majestys Government, commonly referred to simply as “the government.” Parliament MeaningA place for argument and debateWhen instituted in the 13th centuryThe House of Lords (p83) English NobilityThe House of Commons (p85)Parliament Govern

21、ment Forming the lawsForming the lawsHighest legislative authority Runs the countryCheck the work of governmentDevelop and implement policyDraft lawsExam, debate, approving new lawsKnown as the executive The LegislatureWhat is the difference between Parliament and governmentParliament is the supreme

22、 authority in the UK, made up of nearly 1,400 elected and unelected members and the monarch. Parliament can use its power to limit the actions of Government in a number of ways and thus prevent it from becoming to dominant.Cabinet the nucleus of the governmentWhat is the other name of the British Go

23、vernment? Her Majestys Government.What does the British Government refer to? The Cabinet which includes the Prime Minister and some other ministers.What is the Cabinet composed of? It is composed of the chiefs of the most important ministries and departments.Who are always included in the Cabinet? T

24、he Minister of Defense, the Foreign Secretary and the Chancellor of the ExchequerThe Prime Minister lives and works in his official residence, No. 10 Downing Street in a small street off Whitehall. One of the rooms in the Prime Ministers house is the Cabinet Room in which the Cabinet meetsusually on

25、ce a week. Discussions at the meeting are confidential and Cabinet members are bound by oath not to disclose any secrets.The Government AdministrationForeign and Commonwealth OfficeHome OfficeDept. of EnvironmentDept. of EmploymentScottish OfficeCivil Service DeptMonarchyMonarchy is a form of govern

26、ment in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime. Republican governmentIt is a form of state based on the concept that sovereignty resides in the people, who delegate the power to rule in their behalf to elected representatives and officials.Democ

27、racyDemocracy is a political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. FederalismFederalism, also referred to as federal government, is a national or international political system in which two levels of government control the same territor

28、y and citizens. Unitary system Most countries are unitary systems, with laws giving virtually all authority to the central government. The central government may delegate duties to cities or other administrative units, but it retains final authority.Five titles: Duke, Marquees, Earl, Viscount and Ba

29、ronWho belong to the feudal noble class : Those with noble titlesSucceed: hereditaryTitle Knight: to those who have got great successes in their careers.The Political PartiesA two-party system Dominant : Conservative Part & Labor PartyMinor Parties: the Scottish Nationalist, Welsh Nationalist, Ulste

30、r Unionist, Social Democratic, Communists, Green parties.Formation: In 1679, Tories and WhigsToriesWhigs the smaller landed gentry and tradesmen-forefathers of the middle classThe landed aristocracy and big merchants of the townsParliament more powerConservative partyLiberal partyLabor partytwo majo

31、r parties:The Conservative Party The Labor Party Development: From Tories Unionists, liberals, socialists and the Fabian Society Time: the middle of 19th century(old) in 1900 (young) Characteristics: Right wing party Left wing partySupporters: middle and upper-middle class People of higher position Working class and common people relatively poor