2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit4AdversityAndCourage课件新人教版选择性必修第三册

1、UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGE核心单词阅读词汇1.adversity n.困境；逆境2.wage n.工资3.expedition n.探险；远征；探险队4.vigour n.精力；力量；活力5.cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜6.steward n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员7.crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群8.stove n.炉具；厨房灶具9.blanket n.毯子10.bango n.班卓琴(乐器)11.voyage n.& vi.航海；航行12.navy n.海军；海军部队13.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体

2、的14.cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的15.crew n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人16.bark vi.& n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声17.rugby n.橄榄球运动18.bat n.球拍；蝙蝠vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打19.damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的20.nephew n.侄子；外甥21.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的22.navigator n.领航员；(飞机；船舶等上的)航行者23.motor n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的24.episode n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲25.motive n

3、.动机；原因；目的26.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)高频词汇1._ adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2._ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)3._ vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没4._ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃bitteraboard5._ adj.脾气好的/坏的sinkabandon6._ n.娱乐；消遣；游戏7._ n.候选人；应试者good/badtemperedrecreationcandidate拓展词汇1._ vt.忍耐；忍受；持续；持久endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力endurequalifiedqualificati

4、on2.qualify vt.取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格_ adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)_ n.资格；资历；资格证enthusiastic3._ adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n.热情；热心4.assign vt.分派；布置；分配_ n.工作；任务；布置；分派assignment5._ n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的envybelongingsmiserableselfish6.belong vi.属于_ n.pl.财物；动产7.misery n.痛苦；悲惨_ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的selflessselfl

5、esslygenuine8.self n.自己；自我_ adj.自私的_ adj.无私的_ adv.无私地9._ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的genuinely adv.真正地；真诚地10.persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求_ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神perseveranceresolution11.resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念_ n.决议；解决；坚定12._ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelly adv.残酷地；残忍地_ n.残酷；残忍cruelcruelty13.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的_

6、adv.彻底地；完全地thoroughly14.furnish vt.(为房屋或房间)配备家具_ adj.配备好家具的_ n.家具furnishedfurniture15.fortune n.运气；财富fortunate adj.幸运的_adv. 幸运地_ adj. 不幸的_ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地fortunatelyunfortunateunfortunately16.guide vt.指导 n.导游；指南；指导手册_ n.指导；引导；导航guidanceadvertise17._ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告_n.广告advertising n.广告活动；广告业advertise

7、ment18.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的_ adv.粗糙地；粗略地roughlyloyalloyally19._ adj.忠诚的；忠实的_ adv.忠诚地；忠实地loyalty n.忠诚；忠实mit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)_ n.承诺；保证；奉献(续表)联想积累【派生构词】1.endure(去掉 e)anceendurance(动词名词后缀-ance同义名词)guide(去掉 e)anceguidance 指导；引导；导航performanceperformance 表演；表现assistanceassistance 帮助ap

8、pearanceappearance 出现；外表2.recreate(去掉 e)ionrecreation动词(去掉 e)名词后缀-ion同义名词contribute(去掉 e)ioncontribution 贡献operate(去掉 e)ionoperation 手术；运作；行动relate(去掉 e)ionrelation 关系communicate(去掉 e)ioncommunication 交流【合成构词】goodtempered(形容词名词形容词词尾-ed新形容词)warmhearted 热心肠的absentminded 心不在焉的coldblooded 冷血的shortsighte

9、d 近视的重点短语1.turn sb._ 拒绝(某人)2.keep ones spirits _ 让某人情绪高涨3.make _ 成功；做到4.hold _ 稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续5.become stuck _ 陷入；困入6.set _ 出发，动身；点燃；使爆炸；引起downupitoninoff7._ ones guidance 在某人的指导下8.consist _ 由组成9._ fire 生火10.give _ 发出(热、光、气味或气体)11.pay _ 偿还；报复；回报underofmakeoffback精选佳句教材原句1.Well, _ so _ _ one morni

10、ng Ibought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarcticexpedition.哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。ithappenedthat句式结构句式 1：It特殊动词(词组)that 从句2.But I was _ enthusiastic about the idea of goingalong with them _ I secretly went aboard his ship, theEndurance, and hid in a small cupboard. 但是我对和他们一

11、起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“坚忍”号，藏sothat在一个小柜子里。句式结构句式 2：so.that.意为“如此以至”教材原句教材原句aslongasyoupersevere3.It will eventually lead to success _ _ _ _.只要你坚持不懈，最终就会成功。句式结构句式 3：as long as 引导条件状语从句教材原句Ifitwerentfor4._ _ _ _ sea animals, wewould all starve.如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。句式结构句式 4：if 引导的虚拟条件句My name is Perce Blac

12、kborow and I have been 1._(dream) of an expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One day, I read the 2._ (advertise) about the Antarcticexpedition in the newspaper, but when I applied to join it, I wasturned 3._ because I was too young and inexperienced.Igot aboard the ship without 4._ (p

13、ermit) and hid in asmall cupboard, but was discovered three days later.dreamingadvertisementdownpermission课文复现Shackleton assigned me 5._ (be) a steward, and I cookedfor twenty-eight men.How excited I was! The journey was6._ (hard) than I expected.When we went near theAntarctica, our ship became stuc

14、k 7._ the ice and got8._ (crush).Before 9._ (abandon) the ship,we were only allowed to take some of our necessities and throwaway the rest.We were camping on the ice, but with spring coming,the ice began to melt.to beharderincrushedabandoningHaving struggled for days, the conditions on Elephant Isla

15、ndwere going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help onSouth Georgia Island, which is 1，330 kilometres away.There wasno food on the island except seals or penguins we sometimescaught.I was in low spirit.However, with the genuine concern ofFrank and Ernest, I was filled with hope and though

16、t there was10._ chance we would return home, after all.a单句语法填空qualificationfurniture1.Previous teaching experience is a necessary _(qualify) for this job.2.Each piece of _ (furnish) in their home suitedthe style of the house.sank3.When I saw a little girl crying there, my heart _(sink) and wanted to

17、 help her out.4.The guide was _ enthusiastic that she offered mesome practical advice.sooff5.People tend to set _ fireworks during the festival,which may cause serious pollution.assignment6.Develop good habits, like writing down your _(assign) and handing in your homework on time.7.You can turn to y

18、our teachers for _ (guide)when you are in trouble.guidanceFortunatelycruelly8.This is the final chance for Tom to take the driving test._ (fortunate), he passed the test finally.9.The man was condemned to six years in prison for treatinghis wife _ (cruel).belongings10.Having sold most of his _ (belo

19、ng), theprofessor almost had nothing left in the house.1.qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)【 原句】 However, when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too youngand wasnt qualified.(教材 P38)然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。【典例】 Honestly speaking, I dont k

20、now much about it, so I dontfeel qualified to comment.老实说，我对它不太了解，所以我觉得我没有资格发表评论。This training course will qualify you for a better job. 本培训课程将使你胜任更好的工作。【归纳】be/feel qualified to do sth.有资格做某事be qualified for 具备资格的；适合担任的【拓展】(1)qualify vt.使具备资格vi.合格qualify for.取得的资格qualify sb.for.使某人能胜任qualify sb.to d

21、o.使某人有资格做(2)qualification n.资格；资历；资格证have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth.(没)有做的资格have (no) qualifications to do sth.(没)有做的资格【即学即用】单句语法填空qualifiedqualifications(1)The applicant isnt _ (qualify) to do the job as hedidnt have the relevant experience required for the job.(2)Apart from a high school

22、 diploma and some experiencewith animals, there are no standard _ (qualify) forthe job.完成句子，每空一词isqualifiedfor(3)一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。A person with an appreciation of art and literature _ _ the job.2.assign vt.分派；布置；分配【原句】 He assigned me to be a steward, and I now servemeals for twentyeight men, thr

23、ee times a day.(教材 P38)他指派我做乘务员，我现在为二十八个人提供膳食，一日三餐。【典例】 The teacher assigned a different task to each of thechildren.老师给每个孩子分配的任务都不相同。Which police officer has been assigned to this case ？哪一位警官被指派负责这个案件？【归纳】assign sb.sth.assign sth.to sb.分配给某人某物assign sb.as sth.指派某人任某一职务assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事【拓展

24、】assignment n.C，U(分派的)工作，任务；U(工作等的)分派，布置【即学即用】单句语法填空to teachassignments(1)They volunteered to be assigned _ (teach) inrural areas because they are eager to help develop rural education.(2)The teacher demanded that we should hand in our_ (assign) involved in the protection of wildanimals tomorrow.3.a

25、bandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃【原句】 Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmlycalled us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, andblankets.(教材 P38)在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们抢救最重要的物资小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。【典例】 In view of my poor he

26、alth, Im considering abandoningsmoking soon.鉴于我身体不好，我正在考虑尽快戒烟。 Playing computer games is harmful to your health.Dontabandon yourself to this kind of pleasure.玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。不要沉溺于这种享乐中。We saw the abandoned farms which were built more than ahundred years ago.我们看到了那些建于一百多年前的废弃农场。【归纳】abandon doing sth.放弃做

27、某事abandon oneself to (doing) sth.使某人自己沉溺于(做)某事【点津】abandon oneself to 中的to 为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。【拓展】abandoned adj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的(可作前置定语或表语)【即学即用】carryingabandoned单句语法填空(1)They abandoned _ (carry) out the plan for lackof enough money.(2)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a

28、farm, which looked almost _ (abandon)mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献【原句】 And he paid us back by his commitment to save usfrom a slow but painful death.(教材 P45)他用承诺来回报我们，让我们免于缓慢而痛苦的死亡。【典例】Take a deeper look at the person behind the face before youmake a commitment.一定要在做出承诺前深入地了解这个人。He committed an unforgivable er

29、ror in handling thisbusiness.他在处理这一业务时犯了一个不可原谅的错误。The government is committed to greatly developingeducation in the country.政府决心要大力发展本国的教育事业。【归纳】make a commitment 做出承诺【拓展】(1)commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commit a crime/an error 犯罪/错误commit oneself to (doing) sth.承诺做某事；致力于做某事commit to.忠

30、于(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的be committed to (doing) sth.be devoted/dedicated to (doing)sth.致力于做某事【即学即用】单句语法填空working(1)I would advise people to think very carefully aboutcommitting themselves to _ (work) Sundays.(2)He made a _ (commit) to himself that hewould never show any prejudice to cleaning

31、women.完成句子，每空一词(3)不经人允许使用他人的财物等于犯罪。To use someones property without permission is to _ _.commitacrimecommitment1.turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)【原句】 However, when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too youngand wasnt qualified.(教材 P38)然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为

32、我太年轻，不合格。【典例】Could you please turn up the heat? I feel freezing cold. 你能把暖气调大点吗？我觉得冷得要命。Please turn the volume down, for I cant get what my friendsaid on the phone.请把音量调低些，我都听不清我朋友在电话里说了些什么。【拓展】turn down 调小；拒绝turn up 调大；出现turn out 证明；结果是turn over 移交；翻身；翻阅【即学即用】downoverupout单句语法填空(1)Tom had to turn _

33、 the invitation to the party lastweekend because he was too busy.(2)I felt a little bored with reading the book, just turning_ the pages.(3)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will turn _sooner or later.(4)Unexpectedly the weather turned _ pretty nice thatday.2.hold on 稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续【原句】Hold

34、 on now, Perce.(教材 P39)要坚持住啊，珀西。【典例】 In the earthquake the survivor managed to hold on untilhelp arrived.在地震中，幸存者设法坚持到救援到来。 Children should hold on to their parents hands whencrossing the road.儿童应该在过马路时抓紧父母的手。【拓展】hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持hold up 举起；延迟，阻碍hold back 隐瞒；控制hold out 伸出catch/get hold of 抓住，握

35、着【即学即用】oftoholdon单句语法填空(1)Catch hold _ every opportunity and you willsucceed in getting what you want.(2)Hold on _ your dreams and one day they maycome true.完成句子，每空一词(3)他们坚信只要坚持一段时间，奇迹就会发生。They hold the belief that so long as they _ _for a while, a miracle will happen.3.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)【原句】 Th

36、is gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayedburning even in strong winds.(教材 P44)它散发出油性的黑烟，但即使在强风下也会继续燃烧。【典例】Fireflies give off flashes of light when they fly at night. 萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。 He finally gave in to his daughters repeated requests tofurther her education abroad.对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。【拓展】give up

37、 (doing) sth.放弃(做)某事give in (to.) (向)屈服/让步/投降give away 赠送；泄露give out 分发；用完，用尽give back 归还，送回【即学即用】单句语法填空teachinggiveoff(1)He gave up _ (teach) in 2001, much to the regretof his students.完成句子，每空一词(2)要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会放出有毒的气体。If plastic and rubber are burnt, theyll _ _poisonous gases.(3)他假装不在乎，但那句话暴露了他对这件事的

38、真实看法。gaveawayHe pretended not to care but that remark _ _his real opinion on the matter.1.Well, it so happened that one morning I bought anewspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarcticexpedition.(教材 P38)哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。【剖析】 本句是复合句，此句中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。it (so) happened

39、 that.意为“碰巧”。【典例】(2021 新高考卷 完形填空)It happened that the plantdowntown needed eight kids for temporary help during our springbreak, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favouriterecords.碰巧在我们春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，而我除了听我最喜欢的唱片之外没有别的计划。It hit me that I had been paying attention to what was goi

40、ngwrong with my life rather than what was right.我突然意识到我一直都在关注生活中错误的而不是正确的事情。【归纳】It happened that.碰巧It hit/struck/occurred to sb.that.某人突然想起It makes no difference that.没有任何区别It remains to be seen.有待于被关注It turned out that.结果是/证明是【即学即用】单句语法填空toIt(1)It occurred _ me that I could turn to my teacher forhe

41、lp and he was always helpful.(2)_ makes no difference to me whether he will go tothe party or not.Ithappenedthat完成句子，每空一词(3)十年后，玛蒂尔德和让娜在巴黎一个公园里碰巧相遇。_ _ _ Mathilde met with Jeannein the park in Paris after ten years.2.If it werent for sea animals, we would all starve.( 教 材P44) 如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。【剖析】本句是

42、复合句。此句表示与现在事实相反的情况，if 从句用 did(were)，主句用 would动词原形。【典例】(2021 新高考卷 阅读理解 A)If I had to make just onerecommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be YellowHostel.如果要我推荐罗马的哪一处住宿，那一定是黄之旅馆。If things were to be twice, all would be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。2.If it werent for sea animals, we would a

43、ll starve.( 教 材2.If it werent for sea animals, we would all starve.( 教 材表示与事实情况相反if 条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示与现在情况相反过去式(did)(be 常用 were)would/could/might/shoulddo表示与过去情况相反过去完成式(haddone)would/could/might/shouldhave done表示与将来情况相反过去式 (did)shoulddowere to dowould/could/might/shoulddo【归纳】【注意】在虚拟条件句中，可省略 if，把 we

44、re, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我再上学，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你来早一点，你就会见到他了。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbin

45、g.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)If I had time, I _ (attend) the meeting.(2)If I _ (be) you, I would work harder at my lessons.(3)_ I known his telephone number, I would havecalled him.would attend were Had 【题目】根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克吐温的作品哈克贝利费恩历险记的评论。1.马克吐温(

46、Mark Twain), 美国作家，成长于密西西比河畔。代表作之一是哈克贝利费恩历险记。2.这部小说讲述了哈克贝利费恩从家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。3.哈克贝利费恩遇见的人物来自社会各个阶层，因此这部小说生动地反映了当时的社会情况。4.哈克贝利费恩历险记是美国文学史上一部伟大的作品。注意：词数 80 左右。参考词汇：密西西比河 the Mississippi River；哈克贝利费恩历险记The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_参考范文：Mark Twain，an American writer，is famous for his stories.Hegrew up on the banks of the Mississippi River.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ， one of his brilliantmasterpieces ， tells the story of Huckleberry Finn and Jimwandering along the Mississippi River.First, Huckleberry Finn runsaway