html5与css网页设计基础terry felke-morris著课件英文chapter

1、Basics of Web DesignChapter 1Internet & Web BasicsKey Concepts1Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJLearning esDescribe the evolution of the Internet and the WebExplain the need for web standardsDescribe universal designIdentify benefits of accessible web designIdentify reliable resourc

2、es of information on the WebIdentify ethical use of the WebDescribe the purpose of web browsers and web serversIdentify Internet protocolsDefine URIs and domain namesDescribe XHTML and HTMLCreate your first web pageUse the body, head, title and meta elementsName, save, and test a web page2Copyright

3、2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJThe Evolution of the InternetInternetInterconnected network of computer networksARPAnetAdvanced Research Project Agency1969 four computers connectedNSFnetNational Science FoundationUse of the Internet was originally limited to government, research and academic

4、 use1991 Commercial ban lifted3Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJThe World Wide WebThe graphical user interface to information stored on some of the computers connected to the Internet.4Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJConvergence of Technologies5Copyright 2016 Pears

5、on Education, Inc., Hoboken NJConvergence of TechnologiesRemoval of the ban on commercial activityDevelopment of the World Wide Web at CERNDevelopment of Mosaic, the first graphics-based web browser at NCSAAffordable personal computers with GUI operating systemsAffordable Internet Service Providers6

6、Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJWeb Standards and the W3C ConsortiumW3C World Wide Web ConsortiumDevelops mendations and prototype technologies related to the Web Produces specifications, called mendations, in an effort to standardize web technologiesWAI Web Accessibility Initiativ

7、e7Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJWeb Accessibility“The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect.” Tim Berners-LeeAccessible Websitesprovide modations that help individuals to individuals with visual, auditory, phys

8、ical, and neurological disabilities e barriers WAI Web Accessibility InitiativeDevelops accessibility mendations WCAG 2.0Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 8Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJWeb AccessibilitySection 508 of the Rehabilitation ActRequires that government agencies mus

9、t give individuals with disabilities access to information technology that is comparable to the access available to others 9Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJUniversal Design“The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without

10、the need for adaptation or specialized design.” The Center for Universal Design 10Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJNetwork OverviewNetworktwo or more computers connected together for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources 11Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken

11、 NJThe Client/Server ModelClient/Server can describe a relationship between two computer programs the client and the server. Clientrequests some type of service (such as a file or database access) from the server. Serverfulfills the request and transmits the results to the client over a network12Cop

12、yright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJThe Client/Server ModelThe Internet Client/Server ModelClient: Web BrowserServer: Web Server 13Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJInternet ProtocolsProtocolsRules that describe the methods used for clients and servers to communicate with

13、each other over a network. There is no single protocol that makes the Internet and Web work.A number of protocols with specific functions are needed. 14Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJCommon Internet ProtocolsOfficial Communication Protocol: TCP/IPSpecialized Protocols:File Transfe

14、r: FTPE-mail: SMTP, POP3, IMAPWebsites: HTTP 15Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJHTTPHypertext Transfer ProtocolA set of rules for exchanging files such as text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the Web. Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and the

15、ir associated files.Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers.16HTTP RequestHTTP ResponseCopyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJIP AddressEach device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric IP address. These addresses consist of a set of four groups of numbers, calle

16、d octets. 06 will get you Google!An IP address may correspond to a domain name. 17Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJDomain NameLocates an organization or other entity on the Internet Domain Name SystemDivides the Internet into logical groups and understandable namesAssociates unique

17、computer IP Addresses with the text-based domain names you type into a web browserBrowser: IP Address: 0618Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJURIUniform Resource IndicatorURL Uniform Resource Locator Represents the address of a resource on the Internet. 19Copyright 2016 Pearson Educat

18、ion, Inc., Hoboken NJTLDTop-Level Domain NameA top-level domain (TLD) identifies the right-most part of the domain name.Some generic TLDs: , .org, .net, .mil, .gov, .edu, .int, .aero, .asia, .cat, .jobs, .name, .biz, .museum, .info, .coop, .pro, .travel20Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hobok

19、en NJNEW gTLDs!ICANN accepted proposals for almost 2000 new gTLDs in 2012. A wide variety of new gTLDs were proposed Some of the first new gTLDs to e available included .bike, .guru, .holdings, .clothing, .singles, .ventures, and .plumbing. ICANN has set a schedule to periodically launch new gTLDs.

20、Visit for a list of new gTLDs.21Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJCounty CodeTLDsTwo character codes originally intended to indicate the geographical location (country) of the web site. In practice, it is fairly easy to obtain a domain name with a country code TLD that is not local t

21、o the registrant. Examples:.tv, .ws, .au, .jp, .ukSee for a list of TLDs.22Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJDomain Name SystemThe Domain Name System (DNS) associates Domain Names with IP addresses.23Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJInformation on the WebReliability

22、and informationEvaluate the credibility of the siteEthical use of informationCopyright and the Web24Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJMarkup LanguagesSGML Standard Generalized Markup LanguageA standard for specifying a markup language or tag set HTML Hypertext Markup LanguageThe set

23、of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a web browser. Element or tag individual markup codeAttribute modifies the purpose of a tag25Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJMarkup Languages (2)XML eXtensible Markup LanguageA text-based language designed to descr

24、ibe, deliver, and exchange structured information. It is not intended to replace HTML it is intended to extend the power of HTML by separating data from presentation. 26Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJMarkup Languages (3)XHTML eXtensible Hypertext Markup LanguageDeveloped by the W3

25、C as the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML. 27Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJMarkup Languages (4)HTML 5 The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1Incorporates features of both HTML and XHTMLAdds new elementsEliminates some elementsIntended to be backward compatible 28Copyright 2016 Pearson Education,