初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

1、(圆满word版)初中英语被动语态解说与练习(圆满word版)初中英语被动语态解说与练习7/7(圆满word版)初中英语被动语态解说与练习被动语态语法专项解说与训练教课方案合用者：宋潇(一)语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的履行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Tom(执)cleans(谓动)theroom(承)everyday.(主动)Theroom(承)iscleaned(谓动)byTom(执)everyday.(被动)被动语态构造：助动词be+动词的过去分词done，即bedone，常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。(二)被动语态的

2、用法动作的履行者很显然。这时常常不用by短语。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或没有必需说明动作的履行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.突出或重申换作的承受者。假如需要说出动作的履行者，用by短语。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化：经过助动词be的各样时态变化来表现，done不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为例，掌握以下时态的被动构造，形式变化以下：1一般此刻时：am/is/are+done2一般过去时：w

3、as/were+done3一般未来时：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4此刻达成时：have/has+been+done5神态动词：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下时态的被动语态作一般认识：此刻进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done过去达成时：had+been+done过去未来时：should/would+bedone(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.履行者动词承受者Iwasinvited(by

4、myaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者谓语by+履行者1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词今后，by短语可以省略。练习：1.一般此刻时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry._inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般过去时：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM_NancyJackson.13.一般未来时：Theywillholdthecharitysh

5、owintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow_intheschoolhall.4.此刻达成时：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook_here.5含有神态动词的被动语态：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework_afterclass.(五)语态变换时所注意的问题把主动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)An

6、ewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将此中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.假如把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适合的介词，如上句还可说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.以下动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。Thebookwasshowntot

7、heclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在以下动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。Anewskirtwasmadeforme.Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.由动词+介词或副词组成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可以打开或遗漏。这种动词有：动词+介词，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。动词+副词，如:sellout,findout,g

8、iveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动构造中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保存在谓语动词后边。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)S

9、hetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo)Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.2Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat被.(动)ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.被(动)Hewassurpris

10、edbythesnake.被(动)被动语态专项练习（一）feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。Yes,itfeelsverysoft.记着以下变化：seesbdobeseentodohearsbdo.beheardtodolistentosbdobelistenedtotodomakesbdobemadetodo5.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在质量或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常有的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclo

11、thwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很热销。(3)Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。比较：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.被(动句)只有动宾构造才有被动语态。以下状况的主动句不可以改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：(1)Doyoulikethematerial?误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusic

12、soundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如：Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.误：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。Thesunhasalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，宾语是反身代词，互相代词，同源宾语，不定式，

13、v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不可以变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动构造来表示，比方：听闻Itissaidthat据报道Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.尽人皆知ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.注意差别系表构造（be+adj.）和被动语态。Hisglassesarebroken.系(表)Thedoorisclosed.(系表)Heissurpr

14、ised.(系表)一、用动词的正确语态填空。English_(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.3APianoconcert_(give)herelastFriday.Thetown_(call)Rugao.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_(sell)inthisshop.What_aknife_(make)of?It_(make)ofmetalandwood.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.Theroom_(clean)byMumalready.Youdontneedtocleanit.Thesp

15、ortsmeeting_(hold)inaweek.Heishappythathisdream_(come)true.Thecinema_(build)in1985.Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs._themagazine_(cantake)outofthelibrary?三、按要求改写以下句子，一空一词。（130=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_people_teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseve

16、ryyear（同义句变换）Abirthdaypresent_bymyparentseveryyear3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线发问)How_theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.5.Youneedntdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It_byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal_makingmachines.7.H

17、emademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)I_thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)_abridge_herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)Thelightgreendresses_out.11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)Thegame_“Lianliankan”

18、byus.选择题()1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.4A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon_bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.

19、hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.Neithe

20、rofthem_inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Look!Anicepicture_forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws()10.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.Thedoctor_foryet.A.isntsentB.hasntbeensentC.wontbesentD.wasntsent()12.-When_thiskindofcomputer

21、s_?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.I_insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenb

22、yC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.c

23、anput()21.Olderpeople_well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()22.Ourteacher_carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened被动语态专项练习（二）一、把以下句子改写成被动语态1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory._2.Everybodylikesthissong._3.Hedoesntshowthestampstome._4.Peopledontgro

24、wriceinthewestofJapan._5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings?_7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses?_8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu?_9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo?_10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm?_511.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek._12.Grannytoldusas

25、torylastnight._二.选择题:()1.Greatchanges_inChina.A.arehappenedB.washappenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened()3.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()4.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()5.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()6.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()7.Theschoolbag_behindthechair