内容文稿分析what-is culture

1、An Introduction to Western CultureLecturer: Li QiuTele: E-mail: Course DescriptionObjectives -understand culture in terms of language learning and teaching-tease out the historical development of western culture-be familiar with western cultural incidents-appreciate cultural highlights-identify diff

2、erences between Western and Chinese cultureTeaching ContentsLecture One: What Culture Is Lecture Two: Ancient GreeceLecture Three: Ancient RomeLecture Four: Judaeo-Christianity Lecture Five: The Middle AgesLecture Six: The Renaissance and the ReformationLecture Seven: The Seventeenth CenturyLecture

3、Eight: The Eighteenth CenturyLecture Nine : The Nineteenth CenturyLecture Ten: Modernism and PostmodernismRequirements and EvaluationFull attendance accounts for 10 points;A mid-term task accounts for 10 points;An open examination accounts for 60 points; Voluntary classroom presentation adds 20 poin

4、ts to the total score.ReferenceWang Zhuoliang et al., (eds.) European Culture: An I Introduction, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.Ye Shengnian, Western Culture: An Introduction, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2005.Christopher N. Candlin at al. . Teaching and

5、Researching Language and Culture, FLTRP,2005.Claire kramsch. Language and Culture, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004.（美）斯皮瓦格尔:西方文明简史，北京大学出版社, 2006 年。（美）贝内特霍莱斯特 :欧洲中世纪简史 ， 北京大学出版社，2007年。徐行言：中西文化比较，北京大学出版社，2004年。易杰雄：欧洲文明的历程，华夏出版社，2000年。Lecture One: Understanding Culture I. Definition of C

6、ulture文化 VS Culture1. “文化”的起源 ：文易系辞下载：“物相杂，故曰文。”礼记乐记称：“五色成文而不乱。”说文解字称：“文，错画也，象交叉 2.文的引申意义其一 ：为包括语言文字内的各种象征符号，进而具体化为文物典籍、礼乐制度。尚书 序所载伏曦画八卦，造书契，“由是文籍生焉 论语子罕所载孔子说“文王既没，文不在兹乎”其二：由伦理之说导出彩画、装饰、人为修养之义，与“质”、“实”对称 尚书舜典疏曰“经纬天地曰文”，论语雍也称“质胜文则野，文胜质则史， 文质彬彬，然后君子 在前两层意义之上，更导出美、善、德行之义 郑玄 注“文犹美也，善也”。尚书大禹谟所谓“文命敷于四海，祗承

7、于帝”。 2. “文化”的起源 ：化庄子逍遥游：“化而为鸟，其名曰鹏”。易系辞下：“男女构精，万物化生”。礼记中庸：“可以赞天地之化育 ，3.“文”与“化”并联使用战国末年儒生编辑的易贲卦象传：观乎天文，以察时变；观乎人文，以化成天下。 4.“文”与“化”方合成一个整词西汉以后说苑指武 “圣人之治天下也， 先文德而后武力。凡武之兴，为不服也。文化不改，然后加诛”文选补之诗“文化内辑，武功外悠”。 What is culture?.The word culture is from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultiva

8、te Agriculture/ Cultthe definition of culture:-integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance. (Hoebel and Frost)-a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the

9、 members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning. ( Daniel Batts & Freg Plog )What s your definition of culture? (10 Minutes)Task One-the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, mean

10、ings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and materials, objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 文化culture文治教化、礼乐典章制度的礼节 原为动词，栽培、种植的含义一开始就专注于精神领域 更偏向于人类的物质生产活动，后才

11、引申到精神活动领域，其内涵比“文化”更为广阔 文化”是人类创造物质财富和精神财富的总和，而“文明”是文化成果中的精华部分。 与“文明”的含义更为接近Some notions the study of cultureculturecivilizationorigin cult to cultivate civ-civil cit-citycontentAll human behavior and thoughtsRefinement of thoughts, manner or tastetimealong with human history a certain stage of social

12、 development.Culture and Language“Human culture without language is unthinkable” (Clyde Kluckhohn)-We use four language functions to participate in culture, describe culture, interpret culture and respond to culture.-Culture influences languages by way of symbols and rules as well as our perception

13、of the universe. Cultural AttitudesEthnocentrism(我族中心主义）: the feeling that ones group has a mode of living, values, and patterns of adaptation that are superior to those of other groups. Multiculturalism/cultural pluralism（多元文化主义）: a term describing the coexistence of many cultures in a locality, wi

14、thout any one culture dominating the regionCultural relativism（文化相对主义）: thetheory that a culture can only beunderstood on its own terms. Cultural Stereotype（文化套式/刻板）: a category that singles out an individual as sharing assumed characteristics on the basis of his or her group membership. IV. Charact

15、eristics of Culture1. Culture is learned .3. Culture is based on symbols2. Culture is transmitted from generation to generation5. Culture is integrated6. Culture is ethnocentric4. Culture is subject to change ponents on the study of culture- social history (politics, economics, religion and history)-philosophy -literature-science-art (painting, sculpture, building and music)VI.Approaches to Culture Learning-develop cultural sensitivity/ awareness -develop a unbiased cultural attitude-develop a critical attitude towards foreign culture-use a comparative app