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1、 English for Specific Purposes(ESP) Zhaoyu Yang Jun.16, 第1页Introduction1ESP Teaching3Contents11ESP Development2第2页The end of the Second World War heralded an age of enormous and unprecedented expansion in scientific, technical, and economic activity on a global scale. English took the role as the de

2、manded international language of technology and commerce. From its early beginnings in the 1960s ESP (English for Specific Purposes) has undergone significant development in the West, especially in the English-speaking countries.the Background of ESP Research第3页The third scientific and technological

3、 revolution in the 20th century initiated the tide of learning English as a foreign language in many other non-native speaking countries (NNS).English for Specific Purposes was accepted as a member in the family of the English language teaching in China, and grew rapidly.the Background of ESP Resear

4、ch第4页A widely accepted opinion was that the ESP was started in 1962, when a research article, Some Measurable Characteristics of Modern Scientific Prose (Barber) was published.the Background of ESP Research第5页ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are

5、 based on the learners reason for learning; it should be seen not as any particular language product but an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.Definitions of ESPHutchinson & Waters, 1987: 19第6页Hutchinson and Waters (1987:19) later described

6、ESP in the following way. “ESP is an approach in language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning”. Definition of ESP第7页ESP was defined as “English for civil servants; for policemen; for officials of the law; for doctors and nurses; for

7、specialists in agriculture; for engineers and fitters” in the Linguistic Science and Language Teaching in 1964. Halliday,McIntosh & Strevens, 1964第8页He revised the above absolute characteristics by claiming that ESP is designed to meet specified needs of learners; ESP makes use of underlying methodo

8、logy and activities of the discipline it serves; ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of general English.Dudley Evans, 1998第9页ESP, standing for English for Specific Purposes, is divided into many types: EST,EBE and ESS, short forms of English for Science an

9、d Technology, English for Business and Economy and English for Social Sciences respectively , etc.ESP 强调从专业需求出发，探求一个英语与专业相结合方式，如法律英语，商务英语，旅游英语，科技英语等，不但包括语言和语言学知识，教育知识，还包括各行业专业知识。第10页ESP in the west Register Analysis语域分析阶段Rhetorical or Discourse Analysis修辞或语篇分析阶段Skills and strategies技巧与策略分析阶段Learning

10、-centered Approach以学习为中心阶段ESP Development第11页ESP in China Preliminary Stage(1979-1993) According to the searching result from ,before 1994, only two articles involved “ESP” label. ESP Development第12页Growing Stage(1994-)ESP theory in this period gradually became more and more familiar to Chinas Engli

11、sh teachers and scholars. However, domestic articles on ESP in this period mainly focused on the definition and classification of ESP, almost regardless of its relation to general and applied linguistics.第13页Prosperous Stage（ to now）At present there is about 19,000,000 students in about 1030 higher

12、education institutes”. ( 刘润清，戴曼纯，:12). ESP represents the tendency of ELT development in the 21 century. (刘润清，1996). ESP signals the orientation of Chinas College English Teaching Reform. ( 蔡基刚，)第14页According to Hutchinson & Waters（1978）, English teaching divide into EGP and ESP. The primary teachin

13、g task of EGP are: lay a language foundation, master the basic vocabulary and grammar rules for the purpose of normal communication.ESP Teaching第15页ESP 教学是EGP教学延伸和扩展，是学生语言知识和技能在普特英语发展到一定阶段后继续提升和强化必经过程，是为满足学生专业学习需要深入培养学生语言工作能力一个主要教学内容，这也是高等教育培养体系中外语教学最终目标之一。ESP Teaching第16页It is imperative that the c

14、ollege English course should reduce EGP content and increase the ESP teaching content. Many scholars (许国璋1986；刘润清，1996；程雨民，；秦秀白，；陆剑明，) proposed this point early.Professor Cai Jigang () in Fudan University also agree with this point. He pointed out the future orientation of college English teaching s

15、hould be the ESP teaching rather than humanistic English.ESP Teaching第17页ESP has been receiving more attention in the educational sector, although Chinese ESP practitioners did not make salient contribution to the systematic development of ESP theories.In China, the ESP teaching research has changes

16、 from simple theoretical research to combine theory with practice. Many universities in China have opened he ESP courses and achieved preliminary results accordingly.第18页ESP is based on needs analysis, to the curriculum for the soul, to student-centered and learning-centered and take demands of soci

17、ety as its orientation. It combines English and professional knowledge together in order to complement each other promoting common development. Conclusion 第19页ESP teaching is the extension and continuity of EGP teaching. It is the strategic adjustment that meets the need for talent of the national economic devel