新目标英语句子成分、结构和种类课件

1、新目标英语句子成分、结构和种类新目标英语句子成分、结构和种类句子句子成分句子结构句子种类句子句子句子句子句子成分 主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语: 主语发出的动作 宾语: 动作的承受者 定语:用来修饰名词、代词 状语:时间、地点、原因等 表语:表示主语“是什么”“怎么样”句子成分 主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语: 句子成分 主语：You beat him. 谓语: You beat him. 宾语: You beat him. 定语:You beat the bad boy. 状语:You beat him at home. 表语:He is bad./He is a boy.句子

2、成分 主语：You beat him. Different parts of a sentence 句子成分构成句子，在其中起着不同作用的部分叫作句子成分。常见的句子成分有以下几种：1. subject 主语 主语通常由名词，名词短语或代词担任。主语表示句子描述的是“谁” 或“什么”。例如：Different parts of a sentence1) You worry too much at times.2) A year is divided into 12 different star signs.3) The book on the desk is mine.2. Predicate

3、 谓语谓语说明主语的动作或所处的状态。由动词担任。例如：1) They work hard.2) He is writing.1) You worry too much at times3. Predicative 表语表语说明主语的性质，特征，状态名称或身份等，通常由形容词，名词，代词 等担任。与连系动词一起使用。例如：1) You are a student.2) That river is very deep. 3) His face turned red.4) The weather gets colder and colder.3. Predicative 表语4. Object (

4、 direct or indirect ) 宾语（ 直接宾语或间接宾语 ）宾语表示及物动词动作的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语。通常由名词，名词短语，代词等担任。例如：You have many friends.We all like him.He works in the factory.4. Object ( direct or indirect* 有的动词后面可以带两个宾语，指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。例如：1) You buy your your friends nice gifts.2) He gave me some books. 间接宾语IO直接宾语DO间接宾语直接

5、宾语* 有的动词后面可以带两个宾语，指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直5. Attribute 定语定语修饰或限定名词，通常由形容词，名词等担任。例如：1) Millie is reading the school newsletter.2. This is a difficult problem.3. There are many apple trees.4. The man in the classroom is our new teacher.5. Attribute 定语6. Adverbial 状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，通常由副词，介词短语或名词短语担任。例如：1) Hor

6、ses run fast.2) You are selfish at times.3) They usually get up at six oclock in the morning.6. Adverbial 状语Millie is reading the school newsletter. Millie主语is reading the school newsletter谓语the school newsletter直接宾语school定语Millie is reading the school nYou are selfish at times. You主语are selfish谓语se

7、lfish表语at times状语You are selfish at times. You主Exercises指出下列句中划线部分的词性以及所担任的成分1. a. He is a teacher of English. b. Her father is English.2. a. They promise to meet our needs. b. He needs to buy some books.定语表语宾语谓语Exercises定语表语宾语谓语Complement 补语 C补语跟在一个动词后的一个或几个单词共同组成的谓语结构 (多为不定式或介词短语)如： Lucy asked him

8、 to turn down the radio. 句子成分Complement 补语 C句子成分Appositive 同位语 同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句等充当，放在被修饰词后。如： They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. 句子成分(Members of Sentence)Appositive 同位语 句子成分(Members of句子结构主+系+表主+不及物动词主+及物动词+宾语+宾补主+及物动词+间宾+直宾主+及物动词+宾语There be 主+谓+宾句子结构主+系+表主+不及物动词

9、主+及物动词+宾语+宾补主+句子基本结构(5种)1) 主语+谓语(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了. We arrived. 我们到了。 句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)2) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授. The woman is kind. His job is to clean the street. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She understands Fr

10、ench. 她懂法语. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部经过告诉了我们. He bought me a book. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)5) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他发现乔治很聪明. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本结构(5种)句子 (Sentence)句子种

11、类按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句祈使句简单句并列句复合句感叹句句子种类按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句

12、子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语2) 并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g. You h

13、elp him and he helps you.2) 并列句：并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, whil

14、e, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。e.g. August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语

15、从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。1. The boy who saved his life is called Tom.2. He asked me when we would go

16、to Beijing. 3. When I got outside, the bus had already left.复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定Exercises 判断句型1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子) (复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句)Exercise

17、s 判断句型1.Having finishe3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?简单句复合句简单句3. We often study Chinese hist6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 复合句 简单句6. He is in Clas