unit 4Verbal Communication跨文化交际复习指导资料

1、Unit 4 Verbal Communication 2ObjectivesLearn the culturally loaded wordsLearn the cultural reflections on proverbsLearn taboosLearn the differences in cultural thought patterns3 CONTENTS I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:culturally loaded wordscultural reflections on proverbstaboosdifferences in c

2、ultural thought patternsIII. SummaryIV. Assignments4Case 1. Shoes for Street WalkingI. Warm-up casesQuestion : Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?Shoes for street walking.Come in and have a fit.5Interpretation a street walker- a prostitute to have a fit- to become suddenly and violen

3、tly angry or upsetCase 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a Joke Comment The problem resulted from the misunderstanding of the word “hustle”. In colloquial American English, there are at least two meanings for the word “hustle”. As a Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm, Roger mus

4、t have attended many parties. At these parties, he will always encounter people eager to get a job from him in his company, so he often gets hustled. This is just what Roger was implying to Rosalita regarding her friend. However, the word “hustle” has another meaning in which romance or sex is hinte

5、d. Rosalita must have thought Roger was referring to this and considered it as an insult to her friend. (Hustle- to force sb to make a decision before they are ready or sure -to work as a prostitute /romance or sex is hinted)67Case 2. A Misunderstanding Caused by a JokeComment: Hustle- to force sb t

6、o make a decision before they are ready or sure -to work as a prostitute / romance or sex is hinted8Case 3 Look outLook out- to stick your head outside of sth. (window/door) to take a look -to be careful, especially when there is danger9II. Detailed Study Loaded words and phrases are those which hav

7、e strong emotional overtones (n.暗示，弦外音，寓意) or connotations (n.涵义，言外之意), and which evoke strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning. 1.Culturally Loaded WordsWhat are loaded words?Hu Wenzhong 胡文仲文化词汇是指特定文化范畴的词汇，它是民族文化在语言词汇中直接或间接的反映。文化词汇与一般词汇的界定： 文化词汇本身载有明确的民族文化信息，并且隐含着深层的民族文

8、化的含义； 它与民族文化，包括物质文化、制度文化和心理文化有各种关系，有的是该文化的直接反映；有的则是间接反映；有的和各种文化存在着渊源关系。10 龙- 干部- 母马- 扁担- 一本书- 知识分子- 社会科学- dragon cadrefemale horse?/mare?a carrying pole; a shoulder polea book intellectualsocial science?/the humanities?11Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?12Interpre

9、tations龙- In CC, it is a totem with many royal associations. 龙颜，龙床，龙袍， 龙心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.13知识分子 In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In E

10、C, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.14干部-a small group of people who are specially chosen and trained for a particular purpose.骨干队伍-a member of this kind of group.干部In EC

11、, many people dont know what itmeans. (not a common word)Some other substitutes: official, functionary, administrator, etc.But none of these gets exact same meaning as Chinese word “干部”.15社会科学Social Sciences in Chinese covers all the fields except the ones in the natural science and applied sciences

12、. Same as “the humanities” in English.While in English, “social sciences” cover a smaller area of learning. It includes political science, economics, history (often classified under the humanities) and sociology. -the branches of learning that study human society, especially its organization and rel

13、ationship of individual members to it.16Birds and animals/ male or femaleGeneric term male female the youngchicken cock/rooster hen chickduck drake duck ducklinggoose gander goose goslinghorse stallion mare foalcattle/cow bull cow calfdog dog bitch puppysheep ram ewe lambdeer stag doe fawnpig boar s

14、ow shoat17bull, cow, cock or hen, male, female, she Not all animals or birds have specific names that denote different sex.bull, cow, cock or hen are frequently used to distinguish sex.bull seal , cock sparrow, hen sparrowmale, female , she also acceptablemale leopard, female panda, she wolf18副副主席 v

15、ice-chairman副教授 associate professor副主任 deputy director副秘书长 assistant secretary副州长 lieutenant governor副国务卿 undersecretary19SummaryA term in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language;（扁担）Words or terms in both language appear to refer to the same object or concept only

16、 on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things;（龙）20Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, ie, finer distinctions exist in the other language;（社会科学）Terms have more or less the same primary meaning,

17、but have secondary or additional meanings that may differ considerably from each other.（龙）词的内涵意义，在不同语言之间可能出现几种不同的情况（两种语言分别以A、B 代替）A、B概念意义相同，内涵意义相同或大致相同；e.g. fox , pig ,etc.2. A、B概念意义相同，内涵意义不相同；e.g. red; intellectual ,dragon, etc. 3. A、B概念意义相同，有内涵意义，无内涵意义。e.g. pine, peach. etc. 21222. Cultural Reflec

18、tions on ProverbsProverbs may provide interesting glimpses orclues to a peoples geography, history, social organization, social views, etc.A new broom sweeps clean.Many hands make light work.Dont put off until tomorrow what you can do today.Kill two birds with one stone.Haste makes waste.23Where the

19、res smoke theres fire.The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.Beauty is only skin deep.Spare the rod and spoil the child.Give a person a dose of his own medicine.24Man proposes, God disposes.尽人事，听天命。/ 谋事在人，成事在天。It is a sin to steal a pin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revenge is a dish that coul

20、d be eaten cold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意日 。/十年风水轮流转 。25a dogs life 生活悲惨；忧愁的日子go to the dogs毁灭，堕落；每况愈下 dog-eat-dog 狗咬狗的；损人利己的; 竞争激烈的a dog in the manger 占着茅坑不拉屎的人Dog days一年中最热的日子doggy bag餐馆里的打包袋 Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌26The above expressions get similar /same meanings both in English

21、and Chinese. But some others get dissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。一人得道，鸡犬升天。27Hard to find equivalentsAbsence makes the heart grow fonder.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Let sleeping dogs lie.You cant teach an old dog new tricks.You cant have your cake and eat it too.28Lightening nev

22、er strikes the same place twice. 福无双至，祸不单行。？ 坏事不过二 。 祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。 One swallow does not make a summer. 一叶知秋。？ 一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。 29Surface similarities, but differencesIt takes two to make a quarrel.A miss is as good as a mile.Gilding the lily.Life begins at forty.If you lie down with dogs, you

23、will get up with fleas. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。30Please choose the proper words for each phrase.hare horse snail mouse bee mule as busy as a _ as slow as a _ as stubborn as a _ as timid as a _ snailbeemulehareas strong as a _ horseas poor as a church _ mouse31 -a cultural or religious custom that does not allow

24、people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassingExcreta and acts of human excretionSexual intercourse/certain parts of the body(four letters)Swear words (age, sex, occupation)32Human Excretiongo to the can/ go to the Johngo and see ones auntIm going to p

25、ick some flowers.Can I add some powder? I would like to powder my nose. I wonder if I could go somewhere. heed /answer the call of nature May I be excused? Nature calls me. 33Sex/Body partspee pee (penis)wee wee (urinate)down there (vagina)She is expecting a baby. She is in a family way. She is expe

26、cting. She is in a delicate condition. She is well-along. She is about to have a blessed event. 34dieGodepartdepart from this worldgo to a better worldgo the ways of all fleshpass away In Chinese, we also can find similar euphemisms: “去了”, “离开了我们”, “辞世”, “去见马克思了”, “归西”,“升天”, “上路” 35diseaseAbbreviati

27、ons: SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes) AIDS (Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome) V.D (venereal disease) 性病big C/ long disease/ terminal illness (cancer)36Old Agesenior citizensadvanced in agegolden years 374. Differences in Cultural Thought PatternsEnglish-speakers-linear and directSemitic-

28、combination of tangential and semi-directAsian- circularRomance-more consistently circuitous38American-factual-inductive (ascertain facts, find similarities, and formulate conclusions)Russian- combination of direct and circuitous approaches/axiomatic-deductive (move from general principle to particu

29、lars which can be easily deduced)Arab-intuitive-affective (facts are secondary to emotions)39 Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful intercultural communication.40 III. Summary Culturally loaded words

30、 Cultural reflections on proverbs Taboos Differences in cultural thought patternsExercises Comprehension Check 1-5 F F F T F 6-10 T F T T T 41Exercises C. Expression Understanding 天网恢恢，疏而不漏棋逢对手金玉良言肥缺船到桥头自然直宁为鸡头，勿为牛后 牛饮如履薄冰42D. Whats your opinion?Questions:Would following his advice get you a good job in C