英美文学选读第四章课件

1、识记 What is “The Victorian Period” and what typical event occurred in The Victorian Period ? 答案： The Victorian Period was the period of Queen Victorias reign from 1836 to 1901 , which generally Regarded as one of most glorious in the English history . Chartist movement (Chartism) was a famous movemen

2、t for political and social reform in England form 1836 to 1848 , that the oppressed workers strive for basic human right and better living and working condition . 单词注释： “ The Victorian Period ”:“维多利亚时期”;“ Chartist movement”: 英国“宪章运动”.解析：The Victorian Period (1836 1901) working conditionbetter living

3、Basic human right Workers stroked forChartist movement(1836 1848)识记 what is the political, economical and cultural background of the Victorian Period?答案： The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems. After the Reform Bill of 183

4、2 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists, the Industrial Revolution soon geared up. Scientific discoveries and technologic inventions from railways to steamships, from spinning looms to printing machines quickly brought amaz

5、ing changes to the country. For a time England was the workshop of the world.Large amounts of profit were accumulated both from expanding its foreign trade markets and from exploiting its huge-sized colonies. Towards the mid-century, England had reached its highest point of development as a world po

6、wer. And yet beneath the great prosperity and richness, there existed widespread poverty and wretchedness among the working class. The worsening living and working conditions, the mass unemployment and the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement (183

7、6-1848). During the next twenty years, England settled down to a time of prosperity and relative stability. The middle-class life of the time was characterized by prosperity, respectability and material progress. Common sense and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, again became

8、the predominant preoccupation in literary works. But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the British Empire and the decay of the Victorian values. Ideologically, the Victorians experienced fundamental changes. The rapid development of science and technology, new inventions

9、 and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology drastically shook peoples religious convictions. Darwins The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871) shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith. On the other hand, Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practic

10、ed. Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.单词注释：The Origin of Species: 物种起源Descent of Man: 人类的由来 Utilitarianism：功利主义历年试题：1004-14. All of the following statements about the Victorian period is true EXCEPT

11、 _.C4-233 答案：DA. England was the “workshop of the world”.B. The early years was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems.C. Towards the mid -century, England had reached its highest point of development as a world power.D. Capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the g

12、ap between the rich and the poor was further deepened. 解析：Political, economical and cultural background of the Victorian Periodearly yearsnext twenty yearslast three decadesrapid development of science and technologyeconomic development and social problems prosperity and relative stabilitydecline an

13、d decayUtilitarianism领会 What kind of art form are popular in The Victorian Period , and what commonness between these literary works ? 答案： In The Victorian Period Critical , the novel become the most widely read . Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like Charles Dickens

14、 , The Bronte Sisters , etc. (from p236 ) The Victorian Period also produced a host of great prose writers . Many of them joined forces with the critical novelist in exposing and criticizing the social reality . (from p237 ) The poetry of the period was mainly characterized by experiments with new s

15、tyles and new ways of expression. (from p237 )Among those famous experimental poets was Robert Browning who created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the eighteenth century realist novel , critical rea

16、lists carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society and he defense of the mass . Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques , they shared one thing in common , thats they were all concern about the fate of the common people . Victorian literature, in ge

17、neral, truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values and experiments

18、are to witness their bumper harvest.单词注释：critical realists ： 批判现实主义者，词根来自于critical realism （批判现实主义）。批判现实主义流行于十九世纪欧洲等地区。历年试题：0804-9Among the following writers _ created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. C4-237 答案:AARobert Browning BMatthew Arnold CAlfred Tennyson

19、DEdward Fitzgerald 0904-12. Robert Browning created _ by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. C4-237 答案:AA. the verse novel B. the blank verseC. the heroic couplet D. the dramatic poetry解析：novelliterature in The Victorian Period poetryprose show truthful picture of peoples lifeconcern

20、 about the fate of the common peopleexposing and criticizing the social realityliterature commonnesscriticalnew styles and new ways of expressionrealismdutycritical领会 What is the character of the Critical Realism?答案： In the Victorian period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital a

21、nd challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of v

22、iew and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism and the widespread misery,

23、 poverty and injustice. Their truthful depiction of peoples life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.单词注释： money-worship: 拜金主义解析：defense of the masscriticism of the soci

24、ety character of the Critical Realism show truthful picture of peoples lifeconcern about the fate of the common peopleexposing and criticizing the social reality应用 What is The Chartist Movement?答案： The Chartist Movement (1836-1848) means that the English workers got themselves organized in big citie

25、s and brought forth the Peoples Charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the government, with hundreds of thousands of peoples signatures. The movement swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the move

26、ment declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.单词注释：Peoples Charter：人民宪章解析：working conditionbetter livingBasic human ri

27、ght Workers stroked forChartist movement(1836 1848)应用 What is Utilitarianism?答案： Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists, whose greed

28、drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost and brought greater suffering and poverty to the working mass. 解析：Utilitarianismeverything tested by utilitydrove industrialistsexploited workers furthestgreater suffering greater poverty 应用What is Critical Realism?答案： The Victorian Age is an age of rea

29、lism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical probl

30、ems and interests and is used as a powerful instrument of human progress.单词注释：Critical Realism : 批判现实主义解析：tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseasespowerful instrument of human progressCritical RealismEarly works 识记 Describe Charles Dickenss contribution and effect on history of litera

31、ture , then analyze the character of novelist Charles Dickens works 答案： Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. (from p239) Dickens ever wrote Oliver twist The Pickwick PaperDavid CopperfieldDombey and SonA Tale of Two CitiesBleak HouseHard TimesGreat Ex

32、pectationOur Mutual Friend . (form p239-240) Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. With his first sentence, he engages the readers attention and holds it to the end.Dickens works are also character by a mingling of humor and pathos. (from p240)历年试题：0904-13. Charles Dickens novel _ is famous for

33、its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the nineteenth- century London. C4-239 答案：B A. The Pickwick Paper B. Oliver Twist C. David Copperfield D. Nicholas Nickleb0804-7Among the works by Charles Dickens _ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules ov

34、er the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds. C4-240 答案：DABleak HouseBPickwick Paper CGreat Expectations DHard Times1004-19. Dickens attacks the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds in _.C4-240 答案：DA. Hand Times

35、 B. Great ExpectationsC. Our Mutual Friend D. Bleak House解析：Charles DickensLater worksyouthful brightness and optimism manifest in the constant jokes and laughterreveal petty-bourgeois urban world from prestigious absurdity to the most sordid squalormingling of humor and pathos master story descript

36、ionDavid CopperfieldDombey and SonOliver twistThe Pickwick PaperHard TimesGreat ExpectationA Tale of Two CitiesBleak HouseOur Mutual Friend constantly inhibited by the consciousnessof the unfunny side of lifepresent a criticism of the more complicated and fundamental social institutions and moralsMa

37、in themeWritingCharacterMain themeWritingCharacternovelsCharacter of his novels领会What is the creative thought of Charles Dickens?答案： Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose and criticize in his works all the povert

38、y, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he saw all around him. In his works, Dickens sets a full map and a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England, particularly London. A combination of optimism about people and realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in t

39、he early period include Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and so on. His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils and morals of the Victorian England,

40、for example, Bleak House, Hard Times, Great Expectations and so on. The early optimism could no more be found.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could, in a way, be compared with Shakespeares. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding featu

41、re of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist, etc.), some grotesque people (Fagin, etc.) and some comical people (Mr. Micawber, etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickenss works are also characterized by a mixture of humor and pathos.单词注释：Character-por

42、trayal ：人物刻画历年试题：0704-22Dickens works are characterized by a mingling of _ and pathos. C4-241 答案：AAhumorBsatireCpassionDmetaphor0804-8The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens works is his _. C4-241 答案：CAsimple vocabulary Bbitter and sharp criticismCcharacter-portrayalDpictures of happiness

43、解析：creative thought of Charles Dickensexpose and criticize the social realityoptimism and realism about society in early works later works show a highly conscious modern artistCharacter-portrayalchild grotesque people comical people mixture of humor and pathos领会What is the characteristic of Charles

44、Dickens?答案： 1. In language: With his first sentence, he engages the readers attention and holds it to the end. The settings of his stories have an extraordinary vividness, a result of years intimacy and rich imagination. In language, he is often compared with Shakespeare for his adeptness with the v

45、ernacular and large vocabulary. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible. 2. In character-portrayal: Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works. His best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless child characters, and he is also famous for the depict

46、ion of those horrible and grotesque characters like Fagin, and those broadly humorous or comical ones like Mr. Micawber, These characters are impressive not only because they are true to life, but also because they are often larger than life. 3. The mingling of humor and pathos: Dickens works are al

47、so characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos. He seems to believe that life is itself a mixture of joy and grief. Life is delightful because it is at once comic and tragic. He is a humorist. To match his humorous genius, Dickens is also noted for his pictures of pathos.单词注释：vernacular ：本国的inex

48、haustible：无穷无尽的pathos：哀婉解析：characteristic of Charles Dickenslanguagecharacter-portrayalmingling of humor and pathos领会What is the creative thought and characteristic of Charlotte Bronte?答案： 1. The theme: Charlottes works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realizati

49、on, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. 2. The thoughts: Charlotte would usually stick to the Puritanical code. In her mind, mans life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue. 3.The artistic features: She is

50、 a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an inte

51、nsity of vision passion.单词注释：self-realization ：自我实现历年试题：0904-14. Charlotte Brontes works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards _, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. C4-256 答案：B A. self - relian

52、ce B. self realization C. self - esteem D. self consciousness1004-3. Charlotte s works are famous for the depiction of the life of _ working women, particularly governesses. C4-257 答案：Athe middle - class B. the lower classC. the upper - middle - class D. the upper class解析：creative thought characteri

53、stic of Charlotte Bronte themethoughtsartistic featuresindividual consciousness towards self-realizationthe Puritanical coderealism combined with romanticism领会 Please analyze the main structure, characters figure, language style and social significance of Charlotte Bronte s representative works. 答案：

54、 Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions, the social discrimination and the false social convention as concerning love and marriage. At the same t

55、ime, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo a series of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine. Jane Eyre is a completely new woman

56、image. She represents those middle-class workingwomen who are struggling for recognition of their rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience. Jane Eyres character: Jane Eyre, an orpha

57、n child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, and even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. In this novel Charlotte characterizes

58、Jane Eyre as a naive, kind-hearted, noble-minded woman who pursues a genuine kind of love. Jane Eyre represents those middle-class workingwomen who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and in

59、ner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience. The selected part is taken from Chapter XXIII, not long after Jane is back from her aunts funeral. Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. So, when forced to confront Mr. Ro

60、chester, she desperately and openly declared her equality with him and her love for him. The passion described here is intense and genuine. 历年试题：0704-49Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from Chapter XXIII of Jane Eyre. C4-259 请参考上面答案0804-42“Do you think, because I am po