分析选修7-8unit1living well一语法

1、简单课程讲义学科：英语专题：选修 7：Unit1 Living well(一) 语法主讲教师：八十中高级教师 HYPERLINK http:/w/ http:/w市海淀区上地东路 1 号盈创动力E 座 702B4008-110-818免费总机：开篇语不定式的定义及形式定义：不定式由“to+动词”，其否定形式是“not/never to+动词”。不定式可以跟宾语或状语不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等，但不能单独作谓语，不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of+名词或代词的宾格”。题一：Lucy made a big bamboo bo

2、x the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. kengD. to keep题二：The pure of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. dont make不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：1. 把不定式置于句首。To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2. 用 it

3、作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。It + be + 名词 + to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb+ some time + to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do 常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard,important, imsible, nesary 等。It is difficult for us to finish writi

4、ng the comition in a quarter of an hour.It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to doIt is stuof you to write down everything (t) the teacher says.careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy,nice, right, silly, stu, wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的 sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于 Sb is + 形容词 + to do句式。Its kind of you to help m

5、e with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems (appears) + 形容词 + to doIt seemed imsible to save money.注意：1.2.3.其他系动词如，look, appear 等也可用于此句型。不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is to的句型。(对)To see is to beve.眼见为实。(错)It is to beve to see.题一：Tom asked the candy makers i

6、f they could make the chocolate easiero small pie.A. to breakB. brokenC. breakingD. break题二：Its nesary to be prepared for a joberview. the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HadD. To have不定式作宾语1. 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（显得），arrange（安排），as

7、k（要求），attempt （试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），condescend（屈尊），consent（准许），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesie（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会）， manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（），res

8、olve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（预示），undertake（承诺），vo（自愿做），vow（发誓），want（想要），wish（希望）teerThe driver failed to see the other carime.没看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.2. 动词+疑问词+ 不定式我碰巧知道你那道问题的。decide, know, consider, fet, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder

9、, hear, find out,explain,lPlease show us how to doThere are so many kinds of tt. 请演示给如何去做。-recorders on salet I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put ito practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。3. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it+补

10、语+to do 句式。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor.I find it difficult to learn English well.题一：He told us whether aic was stilderdiscus.A. havingB. hadC. to haveD. have题二：Jim threatenedhis neighbour to theif the damages were not pai

11、d.A. to be reportedC. to reportB. reportingD. having reported不定式作宾语补足语动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise, allow, beve, cause, challenge, compel,declare, encourage, forbid, force, find, hire,induce, instruct, invite, like, order, permit,persuade, remind, request, require, select, send,supe,l, train, urge.Father

12、will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让的。在街上玩耍。We beve him to be guilty.相信他是Find 的特殊用法：find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带 to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有 get, have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn English.I foundt to learn English is important.题一：The next morning she fo

13、und the man in bed, dead.A. lyingB.C. layD. layingto + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。acknowledge, beve, consider, think,declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find,guess, judge,imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, supe, take(以为), understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.认为是班上最好的学生之一

14、。题二：Charles Babbage is generally consideredthecomputer.A. to inventC. to have inventedB. inventingD. having inventedto be +形容词seem, appear, be said, be suped, be beved,be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish,desire, want, plan, expect, meanThe book is beved to be uneresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。there

15、be+不定式beve, expect,end, like, love, mean, prefer,want, wish, understandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.没料到会有那么多人在那里。有些动词需用 as 短语做补语，如 regard, think, beve, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.认为是最好的老师。Mary took him as her father .把他当作自己的父亲。题三：An army spokesman stressed f

16、iring army shots.t all the soldiers had been orderedclear warnings beforeA. to ieB. being iedC. to have iedD. to be ied不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。1. 表示将来的动作。The next trao arrive is from Washington.2. 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。Would you please give me some pr to write on?与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有

17、逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有含义，却仍用主动语态。Do you have anything to say on the question?如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用语态。Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句：The next trao arrive is from Washington.=The next trahat will arrive is from Washington.题一：Her newly novelnextk is based on a true story.A. published题二：B. to be publishedC. to publishD. being publishedWhen I handed the report to John, he saidt Gee was theC. to send it to.A. to sendB. to sending