高中英语语法：非谓语动词详细复习资料

1、高中英语语法：非谓语动词详细复习资料非谓语一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：另外，常见的还有：1、情态动词后的 to 已省略。 例： You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well.我能游得很好。2、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long.他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。

2、Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers.我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。注意：在这些词的用法中， 用于被动语态时不能省去 to 。 例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seento dance.The boss made them work the whole night.我宁老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3 、 would rather/had better/had best 后的 to

3、 省略。例： I would rather go to Japan than the USA. 愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好带上一顶帽子。4、why /why not 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、help 后可带 to ，也可不带 to, help sb do sth ：6、如果在 feel ，know， observe ，see 后面跟的不定式 是 be ，则 to 不可省略。例： We all fe

4、lt that to be the highest praise We know him to be brave The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning 应该注意到的是 feel 和 see 这两个动词在上述例句中 已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和 “知悉”、“了解”。7、and, or 和 than

5、 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可 以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件 给她。8、通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice.他应该是个好人。9、but 作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分 若含有 do 的形式时，but 后的不定式要省去 to, 否则要带 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out

6、.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.10 、不定式做表语时，一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含有 do 的各种形式时，符号 to 可省去。例 we ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It be aan adj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不 定式复合结构。例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题。 question 与 t

7、o answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer 。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to . a. sit b. sit on c. besat d. be sat onIm hungry. Get me something . a.eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficultfor

8、 a foreignerChinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters , thankyou. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult .repair be repaired repaired 6.He was nowhere. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birthd

9、ay presentfor their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work . a.done b. being done c. to do d. to be done 动名词复合结构的一般构成： 1)名词的所有格形式动名词2 )形容词性的物主代词动名词如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词动名词或者宾格代 词动名词动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语 等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。 Would you mind my/me closing the win

10、dow (比较： Would you mind closing the window) Bob s beingabsent made his teacher very angry.No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary verydisappointed.动词 ing 的独立结构： 不定式和动名词作主语的区别：（1） 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语 表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止 ）he

11、re 这里禁止抽烟。 （ 抽象 ）It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。 （ 具体 ） （2） 动名词作主语时， 通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表 示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting 爬山很有趣。 （ 经 验）Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 （ 经验 ） To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很

12、长时间。 （3） 不定式做主语，一般用 it 当形式主语，把作主语的不定式 短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.（4 ）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定 式 作 主 语 常 常 表 示 某 次 具 体 的 行 为 。 Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 It s necessary todiscuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨

13、论这个问题是有必要的。 2 、常用不定 式做主语的句型有：It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. todoIt s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It s no good (use,fun) doing. It s (a) waste of time ones doing.不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A 作前置定 语现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语，

14、而不定式不能作前置定语。如：developing countryboy ,the xxing new year 。辨异的方法很简单：现在分词具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如，a developing country=a countrywhich is developing( 发 展 中 国 家 ) ； boiling， boiled water ;developed country ; boiling water building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleepingwater=water which isboilin

15、g( 正 在 滚 开 的 水 ) ; adeveloped country=a country which has developed ； boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的水 ) 。现在分词和动名词同形，但作前置定语时，动名词表 示 所 修 饰 的 名 词 的 用 途 ， 例 如 ， .building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimming ；而现在分词作前置定语时，表示所修 饰的名词正在进行的动作，两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如， t

16、he sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the xxing new year=the new year that is xxing 。 B 作后置定语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语，而动 名词不作后置定语。先看例句：at The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed discussed the meeting is very important. The problem beingdiscussed at the me

17、eting is very important.辨析：上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作 后置定语，是因为它们存在不同的情况：不定式作定语，表 示动作正要进行；现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行；过 去分词作定语，表示动作已完成。据此，我们可以把上面的 例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子，这样学生就更容易理 解： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The

18、problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very important. 现在分词、 过去分词作宾语补足语 现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语 也是比较常用的句

19、式，如： I heard him singing English songs.His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood.学习小结：不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补， 正确使用它们的方法是：首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的 宾语之间的关系，如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者，则用 不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成，侧重工 作的全过程，而现在分词表示动作正在进行；如果逻辑主语 是它们动作的承受者， 则应用过去分词作宾补。 如： I often heard him sing English songs. I

20、heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. 不定式、分词作状语时的比较 A. 不定式可修饰动词和形容词，表示原因、目的和结果。 a) 作修饰动词的原因状语。 如：The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlai s death. He laughed to think of his stupid son.作修饰动词的目的状语。如：He went to buy an English dictionary in

21、the bookstore.不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前，则更为正式一 些，语气也较重。如： To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil.作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语，表示一 种没有预料到的情况或结果， 须放在被修饰动词的后面， 如：He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital. 有时为了进一步加强预料不到的语气，在表示结果的不 定式前还可加 only, 如： He went to see him only to find him out.作修

22、饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是，此时 作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式，表示被动的 含义。如： My chair is xxfortable to sit on. English is very difficult to learn well. B 分词可作多种状 语，用法比较活跃。 a) 作时间状语，如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had finished his homework, )(When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is h

23、eated, ) b) 作原因状语，如：Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=AsI am a Party member, ) Greatly inspired by the teacher s words, he madeu p his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher swords, ) c) 作方式、伴随或附加说明状语，如：Filled for the moment with extraordinary streng

24、th, he raised himself xxpletely. He stood there waiting for a bus.Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. d) 作条件状语，如：Given some more time, she will do work even better.(= If she is given s

25、ome more time, )Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day, ) e) 作结果状语，如：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加 only, 表示预料之中的情况，如： He went to see him last night onlyfinding him studying. He was always working hard!f) 作程度状语，如：The wind rose and

26、it became freezing cold. g) 目的状语，如：Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates.h) 作让步状语，如：Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, )要点提示：分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语， 如果分词表示的是主动、 进行的动作， 则用现在分词作状语； 如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态，则用过去分词 作状语，如：Fo

27、llowing the old man, he stepped into the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. 不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较A不定式作独立成分，表示不定式独立于句子的其他 成分，是英语表达的一种方式，不常用，如：To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I don t like being left

28、 alone at home.B现在分词作独立成分，用来表示说话人的态度或看 问 题 的 角 度 ， 如 ： Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.重点： Need, want, require, deserve（ 应得，值得 ）, be worth 值得），not bear（ 经不住 ） 后面接 doing 主动表被动。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The old build

29、ing requires repairing. 这座古建筑 需要修了。These young seedlings will require/need looking after （=need to be looked after） carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting （needs to be cut）. 你的头发该剪了。非谓语一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：另外，常见的还有：1、情态动词后的 to 已省略。 例： You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim wel

30、l. 我 能游得很好。2、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long.他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。 Let it be. 就这样吧。 when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我 经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。注意：在这些词的用法中， 用于被动语态时不能省去 to 。 例

31、：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seento dance.The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3 、 would rather/had better/had best 后的 to 省略。例： I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好带上一顶帽子。4、why /why no

32、t 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、help 后可带 to ，也可不带 to, help sb do sth ：6、如果在 feel ，know， observe ，see 后面跟的不定式 是 be ，则 to 不可省略。例： We all felt that to be the highest praise We know him to be brave The only thing that I have observed to be withoutlimit is the

33、businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning 应该注意到的是 feel 和 see 这两个动词在上述例句中 已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和 “知悉”、“了解”。7、and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可 以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件 给她。8、通常在 discov

34、er, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice. 他应该是个好人。9、but 作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分 若含有 do 的形式时，but 后的不定式要省去 to, 否则要带 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.10 、不定式做表语时，一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含有 do 的各种形式时，符号 to 可省去。例 we ve missed

35、 the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.It be aan adj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不 定式复合结构。例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题。 question 与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer 。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。1. The chair looks

36、 rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to . a. sit b. sit on c. besat d. be sat on2. Im hungry. Get me something . a.eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eatingIt is difficult for a foreigner Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d.written 4. I have no more letters , thankyou. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult .repair be repaired repaired 6.He was nowhere. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birth