高三阅读技巧之猜词 完整版课件PPT

1、 Dealing with new words or phrases in reading comprehension (阅读理解） 阅读理解 题型及技巧( 三 )上下文构词法猜测词意2007英语高考专题讲座阅读理解之猜测词意0406年湖南卷阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量2004200520062007试题设计分类事实细节题12121312主旨大意题2112-4词句猜测题4341-4推理判断题2422-3知 识 构 建大纲要求：根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。测试方式：一是阅读理解中有3%的生词（不包括根据构词法可以推断词义的词），可能会对正确理解文意造成障碍；二是阅读理解设题中设有猜测

2、词义题，所设的词汇或短语可能是熟悉的，也有可能是不熟悉的。Ignore(忽略） them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 考 查 形 式1. The phrase “” in the “”could be replaced by .2. The word “” in the third paragraph refers to .3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the passage?4. Which of the follow

3、ing is closest in meaning to the phrase“ ”？5. The word “”most likely means .Using word formation（构词法） prefix (前缀） suffix（后缀） un- base word (词根） forget -able With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reade

4、r to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:无条件的,绝对的 adj.condition conditional 情况，条件 n. 有条件的 adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断 v.判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:例1When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. impassable means_.无法通过的例2S

5、aint Valentines Day is a time of happiness for loversBoys like to give girls flowers as presentsOn that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand forget-me-not means _.勿忘我例3 Today its his turn to empty the rubbish. empty means_.倒空同义词、近义词反义词定义、解释或举例因果关系 标点符号经验和常识Using context(上下文） clues（

6、线索）:1、同义词、近义词1 Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的 adj. 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。可以表示同类关系的常用词有as, or, similarly, like, just as, also等。 also 2 At the beginning they did nothave enough capital to star

7、t a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. money同义词、近义词nor注意一些表示意思转折的词和短语：though, as, although, despite, while, in spite of ,still , but, yet , while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike, not, instead等。点拨：对比是描述和说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是相

8、反的，因此根据对比或反义关系可从已知推出未知。2、反义词 例1： A good manager can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.分析： 句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人和非熟练工人区别开。2（2002年全国卷E篇） A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun , according to Beth Aneclerio, an Evaston mother of two , ages

9、4 and 18 months.74、What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guestsC分析：be a hassle be a basket of fun 4.He had been getting better but during the night his

10、 condition deteriorated.get worseRather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. 厌恶，憎恨If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. 不赞成；不同意Rather thanlikingnoyesagree7 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objec

11、ts on display（ 2006 江西 B） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word exotic in the third paragraph?A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensiveC. Comfortable and calming. D. foreign and unusualD3、定义、解释或举例 通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is; was; mean; that is; thats to say; or; namely ; in other wo

12、rds ; to put it another way; i.e , such as ; like; especially; for instance; for example )来确定词义例1：“ecopassages” may help animals cross the road without being hurt by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. (05 浙江 , B)A. an underground path for cars B. a fence built for the safety of the area

13、 C. a bridge for animals to get over a river D. a pass for animals to cross the road3、定义、解释或举例例2：Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces. (04 , 福建 E)Aplace in which you can see many mobile homes.

14、B mountain where you can get a good view of the valley.C town which happens to be near the Banff National Park.D restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of foods . D 3. The Jet dEau together with the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva.The Je

15、t dEau has become the symbol(象征)of Geneva for a long time.This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history.Eight 13,500 watt projectors light the grand column(圆柱)of the fountain in the evening,from early March until the second Sunday of October. (2004重庆卷 A) The Jet dEau refers to _ A. th

16、e water fountain B. the English Garden C. a new scene with electric lighting D.the name of a famous watchmakerA根据同位语推测词义分析：由or引出的同位语推测为“电容量”。例4：Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits（电路）.点拨：为了强调某个重点或把某事叙述的更明白，作者有时运用不同的词语

17、或语句来表达同一概念，构成同位关系。同位语两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。同位语前常有or, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e.等副词或短语出现。举例法点拨：作者为了说明或证实某事，经常会在文章中举例。这些例子可以帮助我们推测词义常用词有: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of 1 Cars must have certain safety devices suc

18、h as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. 2 On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.例3：Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come bac

19、k. ( 04 北京 D) A. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach4（2004的辽宁卷B篇）Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices

20、 going up.It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of .A. vegetable dishB. healthy juiceC. iced drinkD. red vegetableB4. 标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号 ）1You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A.dictionaries B. story-books C

21、. magazines D. newspapers 2 But the new study looks at the 25 “hot spots”areas that contain a big concentration of plants and animalsand predicts that 11.6 percent of all species-5、因果关系点拨：在句子或段落中，若两个事物或现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词的词义。这种生词经常出现在表现因果关系的句子中，引导词有because, since, as, for, so, therefore, so/

22、suchthat, so that等。- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（2005年上海卷）Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet sincesuperior 2. Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you cant see or even

23、 hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself. Thus someone who says that she is a 12-year-old girl. could really be an old man.A. making a wrong judgement aboutB. understanding somebody wronglyC. giving a wrong description ofD. forming a wrong opinion aboutC分析：因为“年

24、轻的胡佛去世了”，所以根据我们的常识可推测funeral意为“葬礼”。例1：Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral.点拨：根据上下文的语言环境，运用生活常识和逻辑推理能力猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效的方法。6、经验和常识例1：I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do. (05 上海 B) A. full of respect B. too confident

25、 and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet例2：said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.(05NMET B) A. one branch of an organization B. a written agreement of a club C. one part of a collection of poems D. a period in a societys history6、经验和常识3In spite of th

26、e fact the fishermen were wearing souwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. a kind of raincoat 4.“But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior(领导,上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”( 2005 上海 B)full of respect B. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet7、根据上下文推测词义分析：archaeologist为“考古学家”。例1:Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeol