大学英语四级写作要点

1、 HYPERLINK 第七章 写 作第一节 概述一CET-4写作要求大学英语四级考试大纲规定：写作(Writing)部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。二CET-4评分原则（1）CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人就总的印象给出奖励分，不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。（2）从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考

2、虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成了理解上的障碍。针对这些原则， 学生在写作中要注意：1. 重视内容和语言2. 尽量避免语法错误3. 语言要有闪光点三CET-4评分标准(1)本题满分为15分。 (2)阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。 (3)阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照阅卷评分，如果认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，则定为该分数(即8分)；如果认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加减半分。 (4)评分标准： 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清

3、楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误。 注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，则给0分。 (5)字数不足应酌情扣分： 累计字数CET-4110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-59 I do hope you can come.Sincerely yours, Sun Li道歉信结构公式右上角：日期左上角：称呼正文：第一段：交代

4、写信目的，因某事想某人道歉，恳请对方接受自己的歉意。第二段：向对方解释导致自己所犯过失或错误的原因。第三段：希望能够得到对方的理解和原谅，希望有机会不久，并提出不久措施。右下脚：署名 范文： An apology Letter Jan.24, 2009 Dear Mary, I am excessively sorry for my absence yesterday when you come to see me during your trip. Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. Ple

5、ase accept my sincere apology with gratitude. I hope you will understan me and excuse me for my absence. The reason for my absence was that I had an engagement with some friends and, ignorant of your visit, accompanied them to the cinema. Besides, not until 9 oclock in the evening did I come back. T

6、herefore, it is not in my power to arrange time to meet you. Naturally, I hope you wont leave the city this week so that I can call on you. I shall be obliged if you will kindly tell me whenand where you are at convenient. In that case I can take you to some places that may interest you. I hope to s

7、ee you soon. Sincerely yours, Li Ming7）倡议书结构公式右上角：日期左上角：称呼正文：第一段：交代写信目的，倡议的人群和倡议的主题。第二段：介绍倡议针对对象的具体情况和倡议的具体内容（如捐钱、捐物）。第三段：提供联系方式，再次发出倡议，呼吁大家参与，并表示感谢。右下脚：署名范文： Your Help Needed Nov.15,2008Dear fellow students,I am writing this letter to call on all the students in our university to do something for L

8、i Ping, one of our schoolmates, who is suffering from the serious disease.As some of you may know, Li Ping is one of the freshmen the English Department. She is longing for the bright future like you and me . Unfortunately, last month, she was struck by Lerkemia. Now she is hospitalized and in a ser

9、ious condition. What is worse, Li Ping comes from a poor village family and it si impossible for her family to raise such a large sum of money in such pressing time.As you see, now Li Ping is in great nedd of fanancial aid and daily caring. So it is high time for you to extend your helping hands to

10、her. If you would like to provide your love and care to Li Ping, especially in the form of donation, please call at 12345678 or 23456789 at any time.Thank you! Sinerely yours, The Student Union海报结构公式标题：活动主题或直接用poster正文：第一段：概括引出活动，交代活动主办单位、活动的时间和地点。 第二段：阐述活动的主要目的和具体安排。 第三段：说明参加活动的条件和方式，交代联系或咨询方式，呼吁大家

11、踊跃参与。右下角：落款写主办单位名称。范文：Volunteers NeededThe Student Union of our university will orgaize a bolunteer activity to the rural areas during the summer holidays. No we are recruiting the volunteers.This activity aims to help the children in rural areas improve their computer and Englsih level, and meanwhi

12、le provide a platform for our college students to show and prove abilities. It is planed to begin on July 5th and last 10 days. The volunteers will be assigned ato different country primary schools to teach children how to use the computer and how to learn English well.Any student who is good at Eng

13、lish and computer is warmly welcomed. Those interested are expected to come to the office of the Studnet Union to fill in an application form before July 1st. Please call62511123 for further information. We are looking forward to your active participation. The Students Union9）竞选演说词结构公式左上角：称呼正文：第一段：表

14、达自己的喜悦和荣幸之情，简要介绍自己，表明自己要竞选职位。 第二段：说明自己具备的条件和优势，证明自己能够胜任。 第三段：承诺当选后会采取哪些措施，表明自己的决心，左后想听众表达祝愿和感谢。范文： A Campaign SpeechLadies and gentlemen,I am Wang Lin from the Computer Science Department, and I am honored to stand heere to give my speech. I will show you that I am the best candidate to the post of

15、Chairman of the Students union.I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as the monitor. Moreover, I am warm-hearted and always ready to help others. Besides, I am good at organizing activities and have experience in holding contests and sports meetings

16、.Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the president of the Students Union. On one hand, I will organize more activities to color our campus life. On the other hand, Ill reform the Student Union, changing it from a problem-solbing one into

17、 a service-providing one. And more channels will be opened for our students to boice opinions and needs.I, Wang Lin, am worth your trust. Dont hesitate to vote for me. Thank you!10）景点介绍机构公式左上角： 称呼正文：第一段：向大家表示欢迎，简要介绍自己的身份和任务，并表达自己的喜悦和荣幸之情。 第二段：具体介绍景点的内容和特点以及具体的行程安排。 第三段：提醒相关注意事项，并表示如有疑问欢迎咨询。祝愿大家玩得愉快，

18、感谢大家的倾听。范文： A Brief Introduction to a Tourist AttractionLadies and gentlemen, Welcome to China and thank you for your trusting our travel agency. I am Lisa. Its my pleasure to be your guide.The following is the schedule of the day. In the morning, the first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wa

19、ll, the grandest fortification in ancient China. Then I will take you to the Ming Tombs, which is oen of the best-preserved tombs in China and the last home for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty. In the afternoon, we will go to the Summer Place, the royal park for ancient Chinese emperors. Thats the end o

20、f our visiting of today. By the way, please bring a plastic bag with you to hold the rubbish you make so as to protect ourenvironment. If any of you have questions, please feeel free to ask me at any time. I hope that you will enjoy your day. Thank you very much for your attention.六、段落的展开方法在确定了各段的主题

21、之后，怎样展开段落成为了写作成败的关键。展开段落的方式格式各样，但主要有以下几种。1. 举例法常见的举例模式：主题句-example 1；-example 2； -example 3列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like, thus, takeas an example, to illustrate a case in point等词语.2. 列举法在使用列举法时，考生要注意：一，所列举的各个要点最好按照递增或递减的顺序进行有层次的排列。二，所列举的要点应该服务于一个中心思想。各要点必须相互独立，相互区别。列举法常用的连词有：first， f

22、irstly， in thefirst place, fist of all, in the biginning, to begin with，to start with，second，third, most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore, last, lastly, finally, eventually, last but not least, for one thing.for another.等。 3. 分类法 把同一主题对系那个划分为各个组成部分，或把众多的观点按照器共性归类，然后在依次展开各个部分。在分

23、类的时候要注意各类别之间的逻辑关系，分类标准要明确，不要出现重叠现象。分类法常用的表达有：o, fall into, be calssified , there are.kinds, first, sencond, last, also, again, besides, moreover, whats more, furthermore, inaddition, most important, finally 等。4. 因果分析法 在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。 不管是从因到果还是从果到因，基本要求都一样：主题句必须明确，展

24、开句必须对主题起加强作用。 因果分析法常用表达有: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in， since, as, for, due to, owing to, on account of, in view of, contribute to, therefore, so, thus, accordingly, as consequence, in consequence of

25、, as a result, result from等。5.比较法主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点或不同点。在采用比较法时，要注意句子的过渡。常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner； likewise, as, in comparison with, by contrast,

26、conversely, defferently, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, but, however, yet, whereas, while等。6. 叙述法叙述是指清楚交代所述事件发生的事件、地点、人物、原因等，是一种十分有效的拓展方法。用于描述事件顺序的常用表达有：soon, then, after a while, toward the end of., in the past, in the first year/decade等。用于描述空间顺序的常用表达有：beyond, above, under, nearby, out

27、side, in, between, next to, on the top of, in front of, across, close to, on/from the left/right, ahead of, behind, on, opposite to, in the south, on either side of等。常用的句型开头 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,问题已引起人们的关注. Nowadays, _ has become a problem we have to face. 如今,已成为我

28、们不得不面对的问题了. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that 人们一般认为 Many people insist that 很多人坚持认为 With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为 A lot of people seem to think that 很多人似乎认为 引出不同观点: Peoples views on vary from person to pers

29、on. Some hold that . However, others believe that. 人们对的观点因人而异.有些人认为. 然而其他人却认为 People may have different opinions on 人们对可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards _ vary from person to person. 人们对待.的态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to 关于. 人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes tow

30、ard_. 对.人们的态度各不相同. 结尾Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that 把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论 Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论 Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that 因此,我们最好得

31、出这样的结论 There is no doubt that _ has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问,.有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之,我们没有是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 提出建议: It is high time that we put an end

32、 to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 该是采纳的建议,并对的进展给予特殊重视的时候了. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paidto the problem of 毫无疑问,对问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously, If we want to do something, it is essential that 显然,如果我们想做某事,很

33、重要的是 Only in this way can we 只有这样, 我们才能 It must be realized that 我们必须意识到 预示后果: Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that 毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会 It is urgent t

34、hat immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展. 论证:From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that 我无法完全同意这一观点. Personally, I am standing on th

35、e side of 就个人而言,我站在的一边. I sincerely believe that 我真诚地相信 In my opinion, it is more advisable to do than to do. 在我个人看来,做比做更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why 给出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, Second, Third, 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, 第二, 第三, Why

36、 did ? For one thing For another. Perhaps the primary reason is 为什么会? 一个原因是 令一个原因是 或许其主要原因是. I quite agree with the statement that the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即,其主要原因如下: 列出解决办法: Here are some suggestions for handling 这是如何处理某事的一些建议. The best way to solve the troubles is 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是

37、 People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题. 批判错误观点和做法: As far as something is concerned, . 就某事而言, It was obvious that 很显然,. It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that 可能是对的,但这并不意味着 It is natural to believe that , but we shouldnt ignore that 认为.是很自然的,但我们不应忽视. There i

38、s no evidence to suggest that 没有证据表明 阐释图表：As is shown in the graph 如图所示 The graph shows that 图表显示 As can be seen from the table, 从表格中可以看出 From the chart, we know that 从这张表中,我们可知 All these data clearly prove the fact that 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即 The increase of . In the city has reached to 20%. .在这个城市的增长已达到

39、20%. In1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况. 第三节 强化训练1. Rush for Postgraduate StudyDirections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Rush for Postgraduate Study. You should write at least 12

40、0 words and you should base your composition on the table and the outline(given in Chinese)below:YearNumber of Candidates in X Province2000160020025600200412000200636000200852000根据上图描述近几年x生报考研究生人数的变化。说明导致这种变化的原因你对考研热的看法。2. Green FoodDirections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a c

41、omposition on the topic Green Food.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:近几年来，“绿色食品”变得越来越流行。分析这种现象产生的原因。你对该现象的看法。3. To Become a Specialist or a Generalist?Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a compos

42、ition on the topic To Become a Specialist or a Generalist?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:有人认为一个学生应该努力成为一个“专才”。然而其他人认为学生应该成为“通才”才能在现代社会立足。你的看法.4. A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan.Directions: For this part, your are all

43、owed 30 minutes to write a letter A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:表明写信的目的。说明申请助学贷款的原因。保证会合理利用贷款并表明还款的决心。5. Should Class Attendance be Required?Directions: For this part, your are allowed

44、 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Class Attendance be Required?.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:很多大学都实行上课出勤点名制度，大多数人都认为这样做很有必要。但也有一些人认为这样做弊大于利。你如何看待？理由是.6. Craze in Famous Brands on Campus.Directions:

45、 For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Craze in Famous Brands on Campus.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:现在很多大学生都热衷于追求名牌。分析这种现象的原因。你如何看待该现象。7. How should College Students Relieve Pr

46、essureDirections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How should College Students Relieve Pressure?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:当今大学生要面临很多来自不同方面的压力。大学生缓解压力的方式有那些。你一般是如何缓解压力的

47、。8. PunctualityDirections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutesto write a composition on the topic Punctuality You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:守时是一项重要的品质。论证守时的必要性。9. Sex EducationDirections: For this part, your are

48、allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Sex Education You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:近几年越来越多的大学正在实施性教育。加强对大学生性教育的必要性。你认为大学生应该怎样做？10. A Food Poisoning AccidentDirections: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Food Poisoning Accident. You should write at least 120 words and y