构词法 讲解与练习讲义-高考英语一轮复习

1、在考试大纲的语法项目表中，构词法名列其中。构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写，是高考频繁考查的考点。考生在备考中需要灵活掌握好相关知识，明确命题规律，努力提高自己的应用能力。根据以上表格可知，构词法一直是语法填空试题的必考点，因此备考时需要突出针对性和实效性，努力夯实基础。一、合成法合成法是两个或两个以上的词按一定的规则合成一个新词的方法。这样的词被称为合成词。【考例1】（单句改错）On my recent visit， I held a lively three-months-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. 解析：thr

2、ee-months-old改为three-month-old。在带有连字符的复合形容词中，名词应用单数形式。【考例2】（单句改错）Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-years-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. 解析：eighteen-years-old改为eighteen-year-old。在题干中，eighteen-years-old使用错误，中间的名词years应用单数形式。【知识链接

3、】各种形式的合成词：（一）合成形容词（二）合成名词（三）其他形式的合成词二、派生法派生法是在词根上添加后缀或前缀来变成新单词的方法，这样构成的单词被称为派生词。添加后缀往往改变词性，而添加前缀往往改变词义。【考例1】But for tourists like me， pandas are its top 61 （attract）.解析：attraction。根据空前的定语可知，空格处应该填写提示词的名词形式。【考例2】 Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks47 （r

4、egular）.解析：regularly。 空格处在句中作状语，用于修饰谓语动词，故填提示词的副词形式。【知识链接】各种形式的派生词：（一）添加后缀构成的形容词派生词（二）添加后缀构成的名词派生词（三）添加后缀构成的副词和动词派生词（四）添加前缀构成的派生词三、转化法转化法指的是单词在词形不变的情况下，由一种词性直接转换为另外一种词性的方法。四、缩写和简写缩写和简写是通过缩写或简写的形式来构成单词的方法，通常被称为缩略法。五、能力训练（一）单句改错1. When the teacher asks us very difficult questions， Ill think quickly an

5、d stand up to answer.2. The fruits are small in size， but juicy and taste.3. On the left-hand side of the class， I could easy see the football field.4. Dont panic or get out of line， and try to remain quiet and calmly.5. After waiting for half an hour， I was beginning to get impatiently.6. Whenever

6、I think of the old days， I feel very happily.7. I think that really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.8. To my joy， the teachers here are kind and helpfully.9. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.10. I was really disappointing and

7、 about to leave when he walked out of a building.（二）单句填空1. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _（gradual） turned into chopsticks.2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the_（develop） of chopsticks.3. Chinese scientists_（recent） had a chance to

8、 study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.4. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat（slow） during cool nights，thus warning the house.5. Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it_（regular） arranges quick getaways here for people livin

9、g in Shanghai and Hong Kong.6. _（lucky）， he also had a cow which produced milk every day.7. I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and_（excite） to my life.8. The river was so polluted that it _（actual） caught fire and burned.9. My first football_（compete

10、） was in Nagoya， Japan several years ago.10. The _（fail） was a big blow to him， but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.（三）语法填空Hope is what makes ones life move forward. Setting goals for oneself is fine， but they are impossible to reach 1 hope. Many people believe that hope is

11、 what creates disappointment. What 2 sad belief that is！ In reality， hope provides one with the ability to see success in ones mind 3 the strength needed to be 4 （appropriate） focused on reaching ones goals.Hope provides one with trust and gives one optimistic spirit. Hope does not create 5 （disappoint）， but expectations do. For when one expects， one unconsciously narrows ones focus. Disappointment 6 （create） by causing one to feel pessimistic about failure， 7 （patient） with new fears and challenges when ones limited 8 （ab