高中英语名词讲解练习

1、(word圆满版)高中英语名词解说及练习(word圆满版)高中英语名词解说及练习8/8(word圆满版)高中英语名词解说及练习名词一、名词的分类专有名词主假如指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，如Beijing，China等。一般名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象看法的名词，如：book，sadness等。专有名词抽象名词不可以数名词物质名词一般名词集体名词个体名词可数名词个体名词和集体名词可以用数量来计算，称为可数名词（CountableNouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般没法用数量计算，称为不可以数名词（UncountableNouns）。ProperNouns：指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的

2、名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYearsDay注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写CommonNouns：一类人或东西或是一个抽象看法的名词IndividualNouns:指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指详尽的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adreamCollectiveNouns:表示若干个个体构成的会集体Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数对待，有时作复数

3、看。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。Hisfamily_notlarge.Hisfamily_allmusiclovers.有少量集体名词平时用作单数。Eg:Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别集体名词则多作复数对待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.3.MaterialNouns:指没法分为个体的物质。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说，物质名词是不

4、可以数的，因此没有复数形式。但有一些特别状况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)Threebeers,please.(三杯)Itwasaspecialtea.(一种)2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特其余意义。Eg:rains（雨季）sands（沙岸）snows(积雪)waters(海域)4.AbstractNouns:表示动作、状态、质量、感情等抽象看法Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,et

5、c.多数状况下，这类名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。Eg:HeslearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.抽象名词转变为可数名词。1Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失败与成功在此为抽象看法)Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者，失败者，可数)二、名词的数不可以数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包含抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。比方：health,advice,glas

6、s,wood,English,America不可以数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式有以下几种：状况加法例词一般状况加-sbrothers;schools以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-esbuses;watches;dishes以辅音y结尾的词去y加-iesladies;countries以f或fe结尾的词把f/fe改成veshalves;leavesNotes:1.stomach-stomachs2.以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Henrys以-o结尾的名词+es在课本中出现的有hero,po

7、tato,tomato；其余以-o结尾的词+s:(photo,piano,radio,bamboo,zoo)4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词：proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefshandkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式二者都可以。不规则变化：变内部元音：foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen词尾加-en或ren：ox-oxen,child-childrenouseice：mouse-mice;louse-

8、lice（虱子）有些外来词的不规则复数形式：Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media单复数相同的状况：sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示胸怀衡、钱币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu只有复数形式的状况：trousers(裤子);glasses(眼镜);compasses(圆规)apairofthank

9、s;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle“某国人”的复数形式：?单、复数相同Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,?词尾加-sAfricans,Asians,Canadians,Australians,Italians,?变man为menEnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen但：GermanGermans复合名词的复数形式：1.一般将主体名词变为复数。father-in-lawfathers-in-law,passer-bypassers-by,looker-onlookers-on,editor-in-chie

10、feditors-in-chief2.无主体名词的在词尾加复数。如：grown-ups,good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens（中间人），look-outs（守望者）3.由man,woman,构成的复合名词应将前后两个词都变为复数。men-doctors,women-drivers,women-singers?boyfriends,girlfriends,boystudents,girlstudents2有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可以数名词。beauty(美，美貌)abeauty(一个佳人/物)danger(危险)adanger(一件危险的事/人)failur

11、e(失败)afailure(一件失败的事/人)honour(光荣)anhonour(带来荣誉的/或事)pity(遗憾)apity(一件惋惜的事)success(成功)asuccess(一件成功的事/人)surprise(惊诧)asurprise(一件令人吃惊的事)pleasure(乐趣)apleasure(一件风趣的事)worry(担忧)aworry(一件令人担忧的事)experience(经验)anexperience(一次经历)service(服务)aservice(一个服务机构)英语中有很多对词，一个可数，一个不可以数。apoem(一首诗)poetry(诗歌总称)amachine(一台机

12、器)machinery(机器总称)ajob(一件工作)work(工作)alaugh(一个笑声)laughter(笑声)apermit(赞成证)permission(赞成)agarment(一件衣裳)clothing(衣裳总称)abag(case)(一件行李)luggage,baggage(行李)aloaf(一只面包)bread(面包)ahair(一根头发)hair(头发)几个名词的特别用法1.hairHishairiswhite.（他的头发是白的。）Hehasafewgreyhairs.（他有几根白的头发。）2.fruitThefruitissweet.Helikespears,peaches

13、,grapesandotherfruits.3.policeThepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.dozen,scoretwo(many,several)dozenpencilsthreedozenofthem/thesepencilsdozensofstudentstwoscoreofstudentsscoresofpeopleword（信息，通知）,man（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。三、名词的格英语中的名词（代词）有三个格：主格、宾格、全部格。全部格表示所相关系，修饰另一名词，作定语，它有两种形式：一种是由名词词尾加s构成，另一种是

14、由介词of加名词构成，前者多用来表示有生命的东西，后者多用来表示无生命的东西。全部格的形式：1.一般的名词全部格在后边加s：Marysbook2.以s结尾的复数名词全部格在后边仅加：TeachersDay,thestudents-roomreading3.以s结尾的专有名词全部格：Engelssworks或Engelsworks4.复合名词的全部格是在其词尾加s：hismother-in-lawsphototheeditor-in-chiefsopinion35.假如相同东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词后加s,假如是分别全部，则两个名词后都要加s：TomandMarrysfather,Tom

15、sandMarrysfathers6.在表示“某人家”、“商店”的全部格时，一般省略它所修饰的名词：atthedoctors,atthebarbers,atMr.Greens,atthetailors7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、集体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加s来构成全部格：todaysnewspapertenminuteswalkChinasindustrythestationswaiting-roomtheearthssurfaceadollarsworth凡不可以加s构成全部格的名词，都可以与of结成短语，来表示全部格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可这样，特别是当这个名词有

16、较长的定语时：thedoorofourclassroomDoyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate?在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常使用两重全部格，即“of词组+全部格”结构。这类结构带有必定的感情色彩，表示赞叹、憎恶等。afriendofhermothersafewfriendsofTomsthatbookofTomsseveralclassmatesofhis一个名词全部格所修饰的词，假如前面已经提到，常常可以省略，防范前后重复。如：Thisisnotmypen,butMarys.名词原形直接作定语（不表示所相关系）roo

17、mnumbercoffeecupshoefactorygeographylessoncolourfilmtoothbrushpowerplantwelcomepartyhearttroublefoodindustryappletreephysicsteacher但：有的名词习惯于用复数作定语parentsmeeting(家长会)goodstrain(货车)salesdepartment(销售部)sportsmeet(运动会)名词全部格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)somepatterns:1.Illtaketheriskforfriendship为了友情)ssake.(2

18、.Shewasatherwit（s黔end驴技.穷）3.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheart（尽s情content地）.4.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharm（不受损s害way）.5.Wehadbestkeepthematarms（length保持.距离）6.Forgoodnesssake,toparguing.（看在上帝的份上）7.Janegotthemoneysworthoutofthe（coat很合.算）1.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_ofcourageandpower.A

19、.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol2.Hedroppedthe_andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffeescupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup3.Ineed_cloth,forImgoingtomakeclothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot4.Hegainedhis_byprinting_offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountries

20、areincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material6.Youllfindthismapofgreat_inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.4Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?_.A.PalmersB.ThePalmerss8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_ofliving.9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_ofcouragean

21、dpower.10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_oftheearthquake.D.villagers11.Ifyoudonttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewontbeenoughmyforstationery.D.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_.D.resultsInthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_ofplantsthatrangefrom

22、talltreestosmallflowers.D.varietyCanyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?No,itsoutof_.D.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_.16.Forthesakeofherdaughtershealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_.17.Toregaintheir_afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobpl

23、aythepianoatJohnspartyandonthat_hewassimplybrilliant.A.sceneB.circumstanceC.occasionD.situation19.Itcantbea(n)_thatfourlryjewestoreswererobbedinonenight.A.coincidenceB.accidentC.incidentD.chanceAccordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_andeffect.D.causeImsorryIstepp

24、edoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.Thereisno_forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_sothecompanyisdoingwell.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking23.Dontleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin_oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance24.Theenviro

25、nmentalistsandwildgoats_onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindication5ofthebetterenvironment.A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.Its_walkA.afourhourB.afourhoursC.afour-hoursD.afourhours26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesntmakeany_tome.A.meaningB.importanceC

26、.senseD.significance27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas28.Thepoliceareofferinga_toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.money29.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren.sA.reachB.handC.holdD.pla

27、ce30.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_tothestudyofmathematics。A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways31.Alwaysreadthe_onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.A.explanationsB.instructionsC.descriptionsD.introductions32.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof_。A.dateB.shapeC.orderD

28、.balanceTomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir_andweaknessesA.strengthsB.benefitsC.techniquesD.values34.Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembuttheydontgiveyouanydirect_.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function35.Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake_forthe

29、television.A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position36.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget_fromthismedicine.A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelterLastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicencereached200,000,a(n)_of40,000peryear.AaverageBnumberCamountDquantityAftertheearthquake,tilefirstthingtheloc

30、algovernmentdidwastoprovide_forthehomelessfamilies.D.furnitureThedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_.Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswide_offoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle41.IhaventseenSarasinceshewasa，girl

31、andshehaschangedbeyond_.A.hearingB.strengthC.recognitionDmeasure42.Ifoundhersittinginthecorner,reading_newspaper,with_inhereyes.A.a,tearB.apieceof,tearsC.a,tearsD.apieceof,tear43.Herfatherworksasa_inahotelandhermothera_inaprivatecompany.6A.cooker,typewriterB.cook,typistC.cooker,typistD.cook,typewrit

32、er44.“Whycouldnttheymeetusatfiveoclock?”“Becausetheyweredelayedby_.A.heavytrafficB.heavytrafficsC.crowdedtrafficD.crowdedtraffics45.Infact,_onecausethatleadstotheproblem.A.cattleisB.cattleareC.cattlesareD.thecattlesare46.Byall_,youmusttryevery_tohelphim.A.mean,meanB.means,meansC.means,meanD.mean,mea

33、ns47.Jimis_person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe_withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokinda,friendD.soakind,friend48.Wealreadyhave_pencils,butweneedtwo_pens.A.dozenof,dozenB.dozensof,dozenC.dozensof,dozenD.dozensof,dozenof49.Sheraisedherfingertoherlipsas_forsilence.A.anideaB.amarkC.asignD.aword50

34、.MayItakeyourordernow?”“Wedlikethreeblack_andtwogreen_.”A.coffee,cupsofteasB.coffees,teasC.cupsofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas51.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad_.A.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehairC.somewhitehairD.morefiftyhair52.Hi,thisway,please.OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof_whenIarriveatthecrossroad.D.conditionShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexam