英语答案校对和问答题参考答案

1、Unit3判断题第一题和选择题第一题（C选项）貌似矛盾。问答题：1、WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchyHowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchyA:theofficialheadofstateisthemonarchywithtraditionalandsymbolicpower.Thegovernmentiselectedbypeopleandgovernsaccordingtothecons

2、titutionalprinciples.Inancienttimes,themonarchyruledthecountryaccordingtotheancientdoctrine“DivinerightofGod”.Atthattime,monarchyhadgreatpower.Inthemedievaltime,whentheKingsownwealthcouldntcoverroyalexpenses,hewouldtrytopersuadetheGreatCounciltogivehimsomeextramoney.Bythe13thcentury,KingswidentheGre

3、atCounciltoraisemoremoney.Inthisway,theGreatCouncilcametoincludewhoweresummonedbynameandrepresentativesofcommunities.Thepowerofparliamentbecamebiggerandbiggerovertime.Inthe17thcentury,theCivilWarbrokeoutwhichwasrootedinadisputeofthepoweroftheKingandParliament.TheroundheadsrepresentingtheParliamentde

4、featedtheroyalists.ButarestorationtothethronewasachievedbyCharlesHin1660.In1688,theKingagreedtodeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentisillegalintheGloriousRevolution.In1689,theBillofRightwaspassedbyparliamentwhichmakesuretheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoretheparliament.2、Howdidthedoctrineofthe“diviner

5、ightofking”,accordingtotheauthor,leadtotheCivilWarWhatdoyouknowabouttherevolutionofthe17thcenturyA:ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGodnotfromhissubjects.Sothesovereigncandowhateverhelikes.ButwiththeacquisitionofpowerofParliament,kingspowerwaslimited.TheCivilwarwasrootedinadisputeover

6、thepowerofthekingandparliament.thereweretworevolutionsof17thcentury:thecivilwarandthegloriousrevolution.ThecivilwarwasledbytheroundheadsthatrepresentingParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.Theroundheadssucceededinoustingthemonarchy,CharlesI,in1642andruledfor18yearsbeforethemonarchy,CharlesII,wasrestored.T

7、hegloriousrevolutionhappenedin1688,whenthekingJamesIIalsotriedtogovernwithouttheconsentoftheparliament.LeadingpoliticiansandauthoritiesofthechurchaskJamesson-in-lawWilliamofOrange,toreplacehim.Inreturn,Williampromisedtheserepresentativesthathewilldeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentconsenttobeil

8、legal.In1689parliamentpassedtheBillofRightthatthekingwouldneverbeabletoignoreparliament.3、WhatisthehistoryofEnglishparliamentWhatroledidtheparliamentplayinthecivilwarA:Thetermwasfirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtownswhichthekingoccasionall

9、ysummonedifhewantedtoraisemoney.Bythe13thCentury,kingfoundtheycouldnotmaketheendsmeetbyaskingmoneyfromthisquitesmallgroup,andsotheywidenedtheGreatCounciltoincluderepresentativesofcounties,citiesandwasinthiswaythattheGreatCouncilcametoincludeboththosewhoweresummoned“byname”(theHouseofLords)andreprese

10、ntativesofcommunities(theHouseofCommons).ThetwohousesexisttodaycollectivelywecallthemtheParliament.Parliamentrepresentsthecommunity,havingnorealpoliticalright,andItwastheefforttoreasserttherightsofParliamentthatledtothecivilwar.4、DiscussthemajorcharacteristicsandthemaincontentofBritishconstitutionA:

11、IsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.ThefoundationsofBritishConstitutionarelaidoutin:statutelawwhicharepassedbyParliament.thecommonlaw:lawswhichhavebeenwrittenthroughcommonpracticeincourts.conventions:rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegallybutareneverthelessregardedasvit

12、altotheworkingofgovernment.5、WhydoestheauthorsaythatparliamentissupremeintheBritishstateWhatfunctiondoesparliamenthaveWhatroledoestheQueen(king)andPrimeMinisterplayinBritishgovernmentA:parliamentcanchangethetermsofConstitutionandtherearenotlegalrestraintsuponit.First,Itpasslawswhichisthemostimportan

13、toneSecond,Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.Third,Itscrutinizesgovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditureFourth,Itdebatesthemajorissuesoftheday.TheQueenistheheadofexecutives,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderofchiefofthearmedforces,acon

14、fidantetotheprimeminister.theprimeministeristheleaderofthepartywhichwinsthemostsupportersintheCommons.Heformthegovernment.6、WhatkindofinstitutionisthehouseofLordsWhatroledoesitplayintheBritishgovernment.A:ThehouseofLordsismadeoftheLordsSpiritual（archbishopsandmostprominentbishopsofthechurchofEngland

15、）andtheLordsofTemporal（everyoneelse）peersspeakandvoteasindividualsinparliament,notasrepresentativesofthegreatinterestsofthecountry.BecausethehouseofLordsisapartoftheparliament,itmustagreetopassagivenlegislationbeforethelegislationisputintoeffect.（课本40页第四段）Unit71、（1）Thepurposeofschoolistoprovidechild

16、renwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywilltobecomeactivemembersofsociety.ButthepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemisalsotosocializechildren.（2）开放题2、ThecontroversiesineducationsystemreflectthedeeperdivisionsinBritishsocietyasawhole.Britainisasocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant:classinequa

17、litycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.Ifyouunderstandtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass,youcanunderstandagreatdealaboutBritishcultureandsociety.3、（1）WhentheGermansbegandroppingbombsonBritishcities,750000schoolchildrenwere“evacuated”toliveinthecountrysidewhe

18、reitwashopedtheywouldbesafer.Schoolswereclosedorusedforwarpurposesandeducationcontinuedinthecountrysideonanhocbasis.（2）moreequality(3)TheresuItwasthe1944EducationActwhichmadeentrytosecondary(middle)schoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,wh

19、ichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools.Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildren“compete”forplaces.4、Universities,reflectingthetrendthroughouttheeducationsystem,havetraditionallyvbeenratherelitist.Moststudentswerefromthemiddleclasses,attendedgoodschools,performedwellinth

20、eirA-levelsandreceivedafully-fundedplaceinauniversity.5、(1)TheopenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanregisterwithouthavinganyformaleducationalqualifications.Theyfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,co

21、rrespondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentres.(2)开放题Unit9TTFTTFFTTTCDBAACBCAAIII.readingnewspapersnational,dailyqualitytheGuardianthetabloidcensorshiptheBritishBroadcastingCorporationBBCOne;BBCTwoThetabloidsTheFinancialTimeTheOfficialSecretActFunctions,cultureIV.qualitypapersoneoft

22、hecategoriesofthenationaldailieswhichcarrymoreserious,in-deptharticlesofparticularpolitical,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabouthighculture.Theyarealsoreferredasthebroadsheetsandtheirreadersaregenerallyawell-educatedmiddleclassaudience.tabloidsasmallformatnewspaperswithcolorphotosandcatchyheadlines.Usuall

23、yinterestedinscandalsandgossipaboutfamouspeople.theTimesTheTimesbeganpublishingin1785anditistheUnitedKingdomsoldestdailynewspaper.BBCTheBritishBroadcastingCorporation.Foundedin1927asapublicserviceradiostationandlatermovedintelevision.ItsBritainmainpublicservicebroadcasterwhichhas2channels.QuestionsB

24、ecauseformostBritishpeople,mostdaybeginwithalookatthemorningnewspapers.Onanaverageday,90%ofBritonsovertheageof15readanationalorlocalpaper.Andintheevening,mostBritonssettledowntowatchsometelevision:96%ofthepopulationwatchTVatleastonceaweek.Theyprovidepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues

25、;provideweatherreports;carryadvertising;providepeopleaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviewsorseekadvice.ButBritishmediaplayanimportantroleinengenderinganationalculture.Britishnewspapercultureisunusualintheextenttowhichclasseducationaldifferencesarereflectedinthenewspaperspeopleread.Althoughmostnewspaper

26、sarefinanciallyindependentofpoliticalparties,theyoftenexpressparticularpoliticalviewsandmostpeoplewillchoosetoreadanewspaperwhichaccordswiththeirownfellings.NewspaperreadinginAmericaisamainlymiddle-classhabit,butinBritainthe“lowerclasses”arealsoregulars.Thereisnoparticularstatecensorship,butmanyBrit

27、ishlawslimitthefreedomofthepress.ThemediasuchasjournalisalsoaffectedbytheOfficialSecretsActs,alegalactwhichstipulatesthatallgovernmentinformationiskeptsecretunlessthegovernmentsaysitcanbereleased.TheBBCisfundedbylicensefeesandviewersmustbuyalicenseeachyearfortheirTVset.BecausetheBBCisfundedbylicense

28、fees,therearetechnicallynocommercials,althoughbetweenshowstherearetrailersforupcomingshowsandpromotionsforproductsassociatedwiththeBBC.Unit10一判断、选择、填空校对判断10.FP157ScotlandLine2(InIrelandScotland,NewYearsEve)填空4RoyalAscotP153Line3二问答Q1:FindsomeexamplesfromthetexttodemonstratehowChristianChurchhasinflu

29、encedthesportsandleisureactivitiesoftheBritish.A1:Example1:SundayisstillthedaythatmostpeoplehaveoffintheUKbecauseitisthedayoftheweekwheneveryonetraditionallywenttoChurch.Example2:TenniswasinventedinBritainanditowesitsorigins,literally,totheChurch.Churchrecordsindicatethatbythemid-15thcentury,peoplew

30、eremakingagameofbouncingaballoffthesideoftheirlocalchurchesorcathedrals,fisrtusingthehand,andlateraracquet.Q2:WhyiscricketveryEnglishWhydoestheauthorbelievethatcricketwasassociatedwithasetofEnglishvaluesA2:CricketwasoneoftheveryfirstteamsportsinBritaintohaveoragnisedrulesandtobeplayedaccordingtothes

31、amerulesnationally.Inthe19thcentury,cricketbecamea“snob”gameplayedbyboyswhoattendedpublicschools.AsgenerationsofpublicschoolboysgrewuptobecomethecivilservantsandrulersoftheUK,cricketbecameassociatedwithasetofEnglishvalues,inparticulartheideaof“fairplay”whichcharacterizedBritishgovernmentQ3:HowdotheB

32、ritishcelebrateChristmasInwhatwaydoesthisholidayandthewaysofcelebrationinBritainreflectWesternculturaltraditioningeneralandBritishtraditionsinparticularA3:FormancienttimestherearemanyCelticorpagantraditionssuchasdecoratingthehousewithevergreenplantslikehollyandivy,orkissing11underatwigofmistletoe.No

33、wadaysChristmasiscelebratedbyexchanginggiftsandChristmascards,preparingholidayfoodsanddecoratinghomesandworkplacesitscolouredlightsChristmastreesandornaments.TherearethreewaysthatareparticularlyBritish:oneistheChristmasPantomime.Itisacomicalmusicalplayusuallybasedonapopulartraditionalchildrensstory,

34、therearetwomaincharactersintheplay:themainmalecharacter,“theprincipalboy”,isplayedbyayoungwoman,and“theDame”,oftenanuglywoman,isplayedbyaman.AnotherBritishChristmastraditionistoheartheQueengiveherChristmasmessagetoherrealmoverthetelevisionandradio.Sheusuallytalksabouttheyearthathaspassedandexpresses

35、herhopesforthefuture.AthirdBritishtradition,whichisalsocelebratedincountrieswithBritishheritages,isBoxingDay,whichfallsonthedayafterChristmas.Traditionally,itwasonBoxingDaythatpeoplegaveChristmasgiftsormoneytotheirstafforservants.NowthatmostBritishpeopledonothaveservants,thiscustomisnolongerobserved

36、.However,anewBoxingDaycustomhasemerged,inthecitiesatleast:shopping.ShopsopenuptoselloffalltheirChristmasstockdecorations,food,cardsandgiftitemsatlowprices.Q4:InwhatwayaretheWelshpeopledifferentfromEngland,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandincelebratingtheirholidays书上木有答案Unit4Unit4判断题第8题没有在书中找到答案。选择题没有问题简答题

37、whenthewarofindependencewasover,theunitedstateswasnotoneunifiednation.Eachnewstatehaditsowngovernmentandwasorganizedlikeanindependentnation.Eachmadeitsownlawsandhandledallofitsinternalaffairs.ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressorwitheachother.whentheCongressneededmoneytopaythenationalarmyortopay

38、debtsowedtoFranceandothernations,somestatesrefusedtocontribute.TheCongresshadbeennoauthoritytoforceanystatetodocouldnottaxanycitizen.Onlythestateinwhichacitizenlivedcoulddothat.itwasnecessary.ThefutureofAmericanwouldbeingrayiftherewerenotanychanges.Theycouldnotwintherespectofothernationsifthestatesd

39、idnotpaytheirdebts.Theycouldnotimprovethecountrybybuildingroadsorcanalsifthestateswouldnotworktogether.我相信不会考，你们相信我么。3.legislativebranch:themaindutyofthecongressistomakelaws,levyfederaltaxes,declarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.Executivebranch:Thepresident,thechiefformulatorofpublicpolicy,hasbro

40、adpowerstoissueregulationsanddirectives,andappointstheheadsandseniorofficialsoftheexecutivebranchagencies.Judicialbranch:theCourtsmostimportantfunctionconsistsofdeterminingwhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.Thechecksandbalance:ThebillpassedbyCongressshouldbesentt

41、othepresidentforhissignature.AndthepresidentcanvoteanybillpassedbyCongress,thevotecanalsobeoverriddeniftwo-thirdsofthemembersofbothhousesinCongressvoteinfavorofit.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytomaketreatieswithothernationsandtoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.Alls

42、uchtreatiesandcourtappointmentsaresubjecttoconfirmationbytheSenate.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.TheCourtcandeterminewhethertheexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitutionandhastherightofexamination.TheCongresscanremovethefederaljudgest

43、hroughtheprocessofimpeachmentandtrial,andtheSupremeCourthasthepowertodeclarethelawunconstitutionalpassedbytheCongressandthereforenolongerineffect.见图示：Coiisresapprove?pridcnrhlirloilstLEGISLATIVEBRANCHnThePrwktenfExecuttwoflwf精rhepremiaix;EKECiitiveandcit-iK-ldepoit-menrs;independentgovernmentnoniiru

44、tions2ndcontrolsthebudget.Ltcanpjssknvsoverthepresidentsvctcandcaitimpeadithepresidentndreni-ov已irloilstLEGISLATIVEBRANCHnThePrwktenfExecuttwoflwf精rhepremiaix;EKECiitiveandcit-iK-ldepoit-menrs;independentgovernmentThepresidentanveroJUDICIALBKAOfTheCouns5u卩代muCcjrijCOJItSAppljDistrictcourts.agencies,

45、JUDICIALBKAOfTheCouns5u卩代muCcjrijCOJItSAppljDistrictcourts.agencies,4见名词解释5课后答案5Today,theunitedstateshastwomajorparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,whichisevolvedoutofThomasJeffersonsparty,formedbeforesymbolisdonkey.AndmostAmericansconsidertheDemocraticpartythemoreliberalthattheymeanDemocratsbelievethef

46、ederalgovernmentandthegovernmentsshouldbeactiveinprovidingsocialandeconomicprogramsforthosewhoneedthem.TheotherpartiystheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850sbypeopleinthestateoftheNorthandWest.ThesymbolofitisthecontrasttotheDemocraticParty,theRepublicansarenotnecessarilyopposedtosocialprograms,t

47、heybelievesuchprogramsaretoocostlytothetaxpayers.TheyplacemoreemphasisonprivateenterpriseandoftenaccusetheDemocratsofmakingtheAmericanstendtothinktherepublicanPartyasmoreconservative.拼写错误敬请谅解！下U8EducationintheUS问答题WhatisthegoalofeducationintheUSP118Thegoalistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindi

48、vidualswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirownindividualwelfateaswellasthatofthegeneralpublic.HowdidAmericaneducationsystembegintodevelopP121WithinjustafewyearsafterthePuritansarrival,theytookstepstosetupasystemofeducationintheircolony:In1634,theyopeneda“latingrammar”school.In1636,Ha

49、rvardCollegewasfoundedforthetrainingofreligiousministers.In1634and1638,thePuritanspassedlawsdeclaringthatallpropertycouldbetaxedforthecommengood,whichincludedthesupportofschools.In1642and1647,theBayGolonypassedlawsrequiringallparentstoprovidereadingeducationfortheirchildren.Thus,inlessthan20years,th

50、ePuritansintroducedcompulsoryeducationforallchildreninthe17thcentury.P122The10thAmendmentoftheConstitutionguaranteestherightofeachstatetoprovidefortheeducationofitspeople.In1954theSupremeCourtruleditisunconstitutionaltosegregateblacksintoseparateschool.P123(4*)MoreandmoreAmericansviewedtheuniversity

51、asthedoorwaytoamedicalorlawdegree,apositioningovernment,oramanagementpositioninamajorbusinessoffice.本人认为此题是开放题。Unit10Socialproblems选择题、判断题、填空题木有发现错误。问答题：Americansocietyisastratifiedone,inwhichpower,wealth,andprestigeareunequallydistributedamongtheinequalityisnotsimplyamatterofdistinctionsbetweengend

52、erandsocialclasses;ittendstofollowracialandethniclinesaswell.Withtheresultthatclassdivisionsoftenparallelracialdivisions.Thefirstmalesettlersfrom“Anglo-Saxon”northwesternEuropequicklytookcontrolofeconomicassetsandpoliticalpowerintheUnitedStates,andtheyhavemaintainedthiscontrol,toagreaterorlesserdegr

53、ee,eversince.SuccessivewavesofimmigrantsfromotherpartsofEuropeandelsewhereintheworldhadtostrugglelongandhardtobecomeassimilatedintothemainstreamofAmericanwhoseethnicorracialcharacteristicsdiffermostmarkedlyfromthoseofthedominantgroupshavebeenexcludedbyformalandinformalbarriersfromfullparticipationin

54、Americanlife.3.Origin:Withinafewdecadesafter1619,AfricansweresoldasslavetotheUnitedStatesthroughmassiveslavetrade.Thewhitesoldthemlikecattleatauction.Theysufferedoppression,discrimination,anddenialofbasiccivilrightsandliberties.Development:TheNorthernstateshadalloutlawedslaveryby1830,butintheSouther

55、nstates,theslaverywasnotabolisheduntilthecivilwarin1863.Theinstitutionwasendedby13thAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.Butevenafterthat,wholesalediscriminationwaspracticedagainstblackAmericans.SegregationlawscontinuedtobeenforcedinSouthernstatesuntil1950s;intheNorththeinformalmethodswere1960ssawthegre

56、atcivilrightsmovement.Currentsituation:ThecurrentstatusofAfro-Americanspresentsamixedeliminationoflegalbarrierstotheiradvancementhasbeenamajorgain,butinstitutionalizeddiscriminationisstillrelationsbetweenblackandwhitestillleavemuchtobedesired,althoughthereisunmistakableevidenceofsomeimprovementsinat

57、titudes.(1)PovertyintheUnitedStatesdosenotsimplymeanthatthepoordonotlivequiteaswellasothercitizens.Itmeansmanyoldpeopleeatingdogandcatfoodtosupplementtheirdiets,malnutritionanddeprivationforhundredsofthousandsofchildren,greatersusceptibilitytodiseasetoalcoholism,tovictimizationbycriminalsandtomental

58、oftenmeansunstablemarriages,slumhousing,illiteracy,ignorance,inadequatemedicalfacilities,andshortenedlifecanmeanlowself-esteem,despair,andstuntingofhumanpotential.(2)BecausethecontinuedexistenceofpovertyinagenerallyaffluentAmericansocietyraiseseriousmoralquestionsandinevitablycreatesfierceconflictso

59、finterestandmanypoliticalcontroversies.(1)BecauseitisperceivedbymostAmericansasamajorthreattooursociety,particularlytoitsyoungermembers.(2)Becauseithasawiderangeofsocialcosts,ordysfunctions,likecrime,automobileaccidents,economiclossesandbadeffectsonindividuals.UnitUnit判断题12课后答案是F,但是根据P21653条和P211第10

60、行，推断答案是T选择、填空没错。个人认为此单元的问答题都是开放题，不会考。1616下15判断正误4、5题没在书上找到依据选择10第248页，第2段第2行、6行、倒数2行(可能题目有问题，也许是youcantsee)问答题1、2、3、5都是开放性问题4、Alaskaiscalledthe”lastgreatplace”becausemanygreatplacesonourplanethavebeenover-exploitedbyhumansforeconomicgains.Thisarea(ANWR)onthenorthAlaskancoastisrichinoilresourse.Thede