查遗补漏：非谓语动词欠缺26道题

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做宾语非谓语动词做补语非谓语动词做状语几点补充说明1非谓语动词做主语做主语的非谓语动词用法比较1. 不定式和动名词都可以直接做主语，一般来说不定式着重结果，动名词着重过程，这时两者区别不大；不定式着重具体的或是一次性的动作，动名词多指一般或抽象的多次行为。如：To see is to believe. （强调结果）眼见为实。Seeing is believing. (强调过程)眼见为实。Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火这一抽象行为）玩火危险。To play with fire is dangerous. (指具体的某

2、次玩火行为)玩火会造成危险。22. 不定式和动名词都可以用it 代替作形式主语3. 不过在含有no, -less等否定词的句子里，一般不用不定式短语作主语，而常用动名词作主语。 即在“It is+ n./adj. +动名词”结构中，常用的名词有：no use, no good, such a pity, a waste of time, an awful job, not an easy task, etc,;常用的形容词有：nice, good, fun, foolish, enjoyable, useless, hard, difficult, odd, worthwhile, etc.3

3、4.在“It is+ adj./n.”句型中，有些形容词或名词后只能接不定式做主语， 如hard, easy, difficult, important, kind, nice, clever, foolish, wrong, careless, considerate, rude, impolite, a mistake, pleasure, pity, shame, honor 等等。45. 一般来说，动名词可以在“There be”句型中作主语，不定式却不能，即“There is no doing something”，意思相当于“It is impossible to do somet

4、hing”6. 还有一点要补充的是，如果主语和表语同时为非谓语动词的时候，要遵循对等原则，即两者保持同样的形式，或同为不定式或同为动名词。5真题 1. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001) D A. To be be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall 6非谓语动词做宾语做宾语的不定式和动名词的根本区别在于前者往往表示“未完成的”或“未发生”的动作，后者则是“已完成的”或“已发生”的动作。英语中有些动词后面只能跟不定式做宾语，而有些动词后面只能跟动

5、名词做宾语。71. 只能以不定式作宾语的动词有：aim, arrange, ask, afford, agree, apply, claim, choose, dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, elect, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, manage, offer, ought, plan, plot, prepare, presume, pretend, proceed, profess, promise, refuse, request, resolve, seek, st

6、rive, swear, threaten, undertake, volunteer, wish等等。82. 只能以动名词作宾语的动词有：acknowledge, admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, avoid, cant help, complete, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, endure, enjoy, escape, evade, excuse, fancy, facilitate, forbid, favor, finish, grudg

7、e, imagine, include, involve, justify, mention, mind, miss, necessitate, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, renounce, report, require, resent. resist, resume, risk, stand, suggest, understand, warrant 等等。93. 既可以用动名词作宾语又可以用不定式作宾语的动词有：like, love, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, s

8、tart, continue, cease, intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford, etc.1). like, hate, prefer等词后，若表示一般倾向，多用动名词；若表示特定的具体的行为，多用不定式。如：Would you like to come with me or would you prefer to stay here?102). Begin, start, cease等词后，表示有意识的行为，

9、多用动名词，除此之外用不定式。如：I begin to understand (to see, to realize) why he came here.3). try, remember, forger, propose, regret, stop, go on等后面接动名词或不定式时，意义差别明显。如：I remember reading the earthquake in the paper.Ill remember to phone him.11但是值得注意的是forget的过去式forgot后一般不用动名词表示忘记做过了某事，通常是用that分句或“about doing”的形式。如

10、：I forgot that I had done it. ( I forgot about doing it.)124).动词need，require，want做“需要”解释时，宾语要求用动名词的主动语态，或不定式的被动语态。还有，动词deserve（理应/活该受到）的用法也一样。如：All the rooms here are dirty. They need cleaning/to be cleaned.The house wants painting/to be painted.134.少数句型中，用it代替不定式或动名词做形式宾语，如“动词+it +adj./n./prep. Ph.

11、 +to do/doing”，多数情况下用不定式要多一些。如：He found it impossible to get everything ready in time.I dont think it worthwhile going to such a place.He made it a rule only to speak English in class.145.不定式同疑问词一起作宾语：“动词+疑问词+to do”，通常这类动词有：know, tell, decide, explain, forget, learn, consider, remember, wonder等等。15真

12、题 1. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _ in Africa. （1996）A A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted2. The Clarks havent decided yet which hotel _. (1998) C A. to stay B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying163. I dont like _ bills but

13、when I do get them I like _ them promptly. (1992) B A. to get, paying B. getting, to pay C. to get, to pay D. getting, paying4. In international matches, prestige is so important that he only thing that matters is to avoid _. (1996) B A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten 1

14、7非谓语动词做补语 一般来说，不定式和分词都可以作补语，即主补和宾补，与它们修饰的主语或宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系，构成复合主语或复合宾语。 18作补语的非谓语动词用法的比较1.用现在分词表示动作正在进行，用不定式表示动作已完成或结束。如果表示习惯性的、经常性的动作，则两者意思区别不大。而过去分词表被动意义。如：Did you here someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.

15、19作补语的非谓语动词用法的比较2. 补语如果是非持续性动词时，不定式表示一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发生的动作。如：We heard the windows rattle in the wind. (一次性动作) We heard the window rattling in the wind.（反复的动作）20真题 1. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004) B A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking

16、C. that he is to think D. to think2. AIDS is said _ the number-one killer to both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002) C A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been 213. Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (1999) C A. ha

17、ving made B. making C. to have made D. to make 4. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _ out and three men climbing down it. (1995) B A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 22非谓语动词做状语作状语用的不定式与分词的比较1) 不定式在句中通常作目的

18、状语，分词一般都不作目的状语。如：We live to serve the people heart and soul.Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.2) 不定式在句中通常不作表示时间或伴随情况，而分词却可以这样用。如：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.232. 作状语的现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词常常表

19、示主动或正在进行，过去分词则表示被动或已经完成了的动作。如：He went out shutting the door behind him.Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.Given the chance, Id come and see you in Beijing.243. 不定式和分词的独立结构的用法和区别当不定式和分词有自己的主语，便构成不定式和分词的独立结构。不定式独立结构通常在句中作状语，表示伴随状况，而分词独立结构在句中作状语，可表示伴随、时间、原因和条件等等。如：We divided the work, he

20、 to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.He groaned and fell to the floor, blood streaming from his nose.The shower being over, we continued to march.254. 避免悬垂分词悬垂分词指的是既不带自己的主语，又不以句子的主语作为自己的逻辑主语的分词短语。一般来说，悬垂分词是违背语法规律，在正式英语中是不被接受的。如：Being absent, the meeting had to be put off. - So many people b

21、eing absent, the meeting had to be put off.On seeing the picture, his eyes filled with tears. - On seeing the picture, he burst into tears.26真题 1. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time. (1999) C A. had been captured B. being

22、 always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured2. This missile is designed so that once _ nothing can be done to retrieve it. (1995) A A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired273. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998) C A. Obtaining not a ticket for the mat

23、ch B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match4. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ insufficiently popular with all members. (1996) D A. having considered B. was considered C. was being conside

24、red D. being considered285. _ at in this way, the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy. (2000) B A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look6. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. (2003) D A. is B. been C. be D. being297. If not

25、 _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004) B A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated8. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003) B A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits30补充说明（一）、不定式1. 不定式可以

26、用作状语表示结果，逻辑主语通常是句子的主语 He has money enough to spare. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.The boy was too young to join the army.2. 在有些情况下不定式可以不带to311. 在rather than, sooner than, had better 与other than等之后用不带to的不定式。如：I decided to write rather than telephone.No one could do other than admire it.2.