【教育资料】牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-9-非谓语及五选四-学案学习专用

1、教育资源教育资源学科教师辅导学案Itisunwiseofhimtostartsmoking.=Heisunwisetostartsmoking.(2常用不定式作主语的句型有：Itsdifficult(important,necessary,easy,unnecessary,etc.)forsbtodosth.Itskind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave,etc.)ofsbtodosth.作表语：不定式做表语常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生的动作。例：Hiswishistobecomeaskillf

2、ulworker.注意：主语部分已有动作动词do(不论形式)，作表语的不定式前省略to例：TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonwiththeexperimentallbymyself.作宾语：常见的直接带to不定式的动词有like,agree,decide,hope,learn,wish,etc.例：Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.常见的能跟疑问词带to连用的不定式的动词有decide,findout,show,etc.例：Ishowedthemhowtodoit.不定式自带补语时it先行例：Wethoughtitwrongnottote

3、llherthetruth.不定式不做介词后面的宾语，但介词except,but,besides，注意在这些介词前若有表示动作的动词do(不论形式)，作宾语的不定式前省略to倒：Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Ihavenochoicebuttogothere.洼意：有些动词，如dhope,wish,agree,pretend,refuse,manage,beg,intend;hesitate,offer,fail,expect,deciprepare,promi等后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。作宾语补足语：句子中的宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。例:Hetoldmetobehereon

4、time.在动词make,let,have,see,hear,lookat,listento,observe,feel,notice,watch,etc.后，作宾语补足语的不定式要省略“to”，但在被动语态中作主语补足语时必须还原“to。例:Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.IheardBillsinganAmericanfolksongtheotherday.Isawhercomein.=Shewasseentocomein注意：有些动词，如hope,suggest,demand,suppose,plan,agree等不能用动词不定式作宾语补足语。5）作定

5、语：不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例:Shehasgotalotofquestionstoask.（1）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词可以是逻辑意义上的主谓关系。例:Heisthefirstpersontorunamarathoninlessthantwohours.（2）作定语的不定式与修饰的名词也可以是逻辑意义上的动宾关系。例:Hehasnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.（3）如果不定式的动词为不及物动词，应在动词后面加上适当的介词。例:Heisanicepersontoworkwith.6）作状语：不定式可用

6、作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。例:Istartedearlysoastogettherebeforesupper.Iopenedthedoortofindtheroomempty.Imsorrytohearyouarenotwell.注意：soasto，inorderto都是表示目的的不定式短语，soasto不能放在句首，他们的否定式为soasnotto/inordernotto。不定式作结果状语常用于“too+adj./adv.+todo”或“adj./adv.+enough+todo”结构。例:Heisstrongenoughtoliftthecase.2动词不定式的否定形式Not+to

7、+动词原形构成；有时也可以用nevertodo表示否定意义，语气更强。例：Weagreednottolendhimanymoney.Hepromisednevertotellheranythingaboutthis.3动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who,what，which和疑问副词when，where，how,why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语成分。例:Howtousethemachineisaquestion.（不定式作主语）Hedoesntknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作宾语）Thequestioniswhentoh

8、oldthetrainingclass.（不定式作表语）Shetoldmewheretofindherlittlebrother.（不定式作宾语补足语）too.to结构常表示否定意义例：Itstoocoldtogoswimmingtoday.今天天气太冷，不能去游泳。注意：在以下几种情况下，too.to结构意思是表示肯定，常译作“非常”。1）too.to与only连用（这时onlytoo=very）例：Imonlytoogladtohelpyou.我非常高兴帮助你。2）形容词willing，pleased，glad，happy，ready，anxious等。例:Thestudentsareto

9、oanxioustoknowtheexaminationresults.学生们非常急切地想知道考试成绩。3）与not，never连用，表示“太不能不”，“并不太所以能”。例：Sheistoowisenottoseethat.她很聪明，不会不明白那件事。Itsnevertoolatetomend.亡羊补牢，为时未晚。动词不定式有五种不同的主动和被动形式1）一般式todo,表示的动作可能与谓语的动作同时发生，也可能在其之后发生。例:IliketoreadEnglisheverymorning.2）进行式tobedoing，表示不定式的动作已在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。例:Heseemstobere

10、adingsomethinginterestingnow.3）完成式tohavedone，表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。例:Heseemedtohavecleanedhisbedroomyesterday.4）被动式tobedone，表示该事情将要被做。例:Thenewschoolinthecountryistobebuiltsoon.5）被动完成式tohavebeendone，表示该事情已被做。例:Thesickboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalalready.6动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1）在too.to和enough.to结构中，不定

11、式的主动形式可以表示被动意义。例:The.skirtistoosmallformetowear.Theroomisbigenoughtolivein.2）在therebe句型中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例:Thereisalotofworktodo.=Thereisalotofworktobedone.3）easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,pleasant,comfortable,excitingdangerous,bitter，light，heavy，good，interesting等描述事物特征的形容词，后面接动词不定式作

12、状语时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语常常是物。例：Thepictureispleasanttolookat.4）动词不定式作定话时，若其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，则可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例：Ihavealotofworktodo.（I是todo的逻辑主语）Givemesomethingtoeat.（me是toeat的逻辑主语）7动名词的用法1）作主语例：Runningismyfavouritesport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语（1）动词后加动名词doing作宾语V.+d

13、oingsth.admit承认avoid避免complete完成keep继续appreciate感激，赞赏consider认为delay耽误deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱prevent阻止fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推practise训练recall回忆resent讨厌resist抵抗resume继续risk冒险suggest建议face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕例:Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalitt

14、le,please?MrTaylorandhiswifeenjoytravelingwithchildren.(2)词组后接doingadmitto,prefertobeusedto,leadto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,stickto,bebusy,lookforwardto(to为介词），nogood,nouse,Itsworth.,aswellas,canthelp,Itsnouse/good,betiredof,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,holdoff,putoff,keep

15、on,insiston,counton/upon,setabout,besuccessfulin,begoodat,takeup,giveup,burstout,prevent.from.3）作表语Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.8直击考点（1）只能接to+do的动词有：decide,agree,hope,want,refuse,plan,need,wish+todo有些动词加todo作宾语补足语，常见的有：ask,tell,want,teach+sb.+todo+sth.（2）加to+do的重点句型有：Ittakessb.

16、sometime/moneytodosth.做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.做某事怎样Wouldyouliketo.?（2）后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有：一感（feel）二听（hear,listen三让（have,make,let）四看（watch,see,lookat,notice）半个帮助（help可以带to,也可以省略）改为被动语态时，to要还原。例如：Thislittleboyismadetocleanhisbedroomeveryweek.省略to的情况有：情态动词后whynot/whydontyou.wouldrather.th

17、an.doing（否定式notdoing）（3）力口doing做非谓语的动词常考的有：enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,miss,admit,deny,keep,imagine,practice+doingsth.力口doing的情况有：介词后+doing例如：giveupdoingsth.,beinterestedindoingsth.等feellike+doing（喜欢做某事）/preferdoingsth.todoingsth.（更喜欢）to作介词时的几个常用短语：lookforwardto/beusedto/payattentionto+doing既可加todo也可以

18、加doing,并意思相近的动词有：begin,start,like,love,hate既可加todo也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有：forgettodo忘记去做某事（事情还没有做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（事情已经做了，但是忘了）remembertodo记得去做某事（事情还没有做）rememberdoing记得做过某事（事情已经做了）regrettodo（对将要做的事）遗憾regretdoing（对已经做过的事）遗憾stoptodo停下来去做某事（去做另外一件事情）stopdoing停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）【例题精讲】例l.Hepromisedhisoldfriendd

19、uringhisstayinTianjin.seeseeingsawtosee例2.Mariolikescoldhotdogs.eateatingateiseating【课堂练习】(repair)myTVsetcostme100yuan.Heprefers(read)booksathometo(go)shoppingonSundays.Thankyoufor(tell)methenews.4.1mlookingforwardto(receive)yourlettersoon.Lucytoldme(wait)forherathome.Willyoupleaseshowmehow(use)it?T

20、heboyisoldenough(dress)himself.Wouldyoulike(climb)themountainwithme?9.1sitnecessary(learn)aforeignlanguage?lO.Wouldyoumindnot(smoke)here?cryingcriedD二五选四【知识梳理】1题型概述该题型旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，是容易得分的题型之一。2解题思路和技巧通常情况下五选四是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。基本解题思路一一通过判断单词的词性

21、、词形和词义，来选择正确的单词。首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进行判断，也可以帮助解题：/理雪.刚比雄握1合词单覚諛、樂iK塢首先判断词性中考的选词填空由九选八改为两篇五选四，实质是降低了选择的难度。因此在做选词填空的时候，应当先从词性的角度进行判断，将可能的词性筛选出来。通过判断词形确定所填词或短语判断出词性后，通过对该词的适当形式进行判断，也可以帮助解题:动词非谓语时态判断各类非谓语搭配todo-,d-oing-

22、,do形容词、副词各种级的判断比較级最咼级asas没有比较级或最高级的含义常用于比较级的晅语:than,much,even常用于最高级的矩语：ofallthestudents,inthetlass,MKOf-最高级名词名词后有宵名词后无曽可数名词复数单数名词或不可数宮词5通过判断词义确定所填词或短语词义判断在选词填空中，也是十分关键的。因此，在中考复习中，需要加强对高频词汇的意义的积累。平时在记忆单词时，要加强英译汉的训练。掌握考纲单词以及词组的中文含义，根据上下文的情境，选择出合适的词语或短语。3.补充归纳常见词性及用法词性主要用法与句中位置例句名词放句首作主语动词或介词后作宾语特点：代词或

23、冠词后需用名词iemyfavouritedrink.V/?cantlivewithoutair.Theboytoliaveanewbike.动词放句中作谓语放句中作主语在介词后（动名词形式）在另一动词后（非谓语形式）Thenunenjoyeda.wonderfulnight.MaMngaplanisverrimportant.Wearefond,ofplayingfootball.WehopetoRsvenotiirchance.册容词系动词后作表语名词前作定语Thelitdegirlseemsveryexcited.Theyboughtanexp皀nsiv吕car.副词修饰动词在形容诃或副诃

24、或整句句百Ttiev/iM皿缈workedouttheproblem.Ln皀兗逝,wefoundourway.Samwasex茁少te乐Isppy.介词后加名词，动名词等Theyoungtnantmdealiningbysdlingnewspiapers.Ihadagoodtime鹹htheitaily.连词并列连词：连接平行的词拒语或句子勺从属连词：通常引导另一个从句Weneedtoenco-uragehimas诧Uasgivehim.ahand.Theboy左lateforschoolbeanisehestayed,uplastnight.【例题精讲】A.eventhoughB.stron

25、gC.comeoutD.raiseE.connect例1.Whatdomothersinyourcountrydowhenachildstoothfallsout?Japanesemothersthrowupperteethunderthehouse,andlowerteethontotheroof.TheJapanesethinkamousecaneatanything.Sotheysay,Yournewtoothwillbejustlikeamousestooth!InNigeria,mothershidethetooth.ANigerianmomsays,Mr.Mouse,pleased

26、onoteatthistooth,orthenewtoothwillnot.Ifyoueatthistooth,Iwilllookforyoueverywhereandkillyou.HowinterestingthatpeopleinbothJapanandNigeriaababytoothwithamouse!Itsalsointerestingthatthesetwocountrieshavesimilarcustomstheyaresofarapart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.serviceTheresnewtaxibusi

27、nessinDaker,thecapitaloftheAfricannationofSenegal.ItsnameisTaxiSistersandallofitsarewomen.Theyaregettingalotofattention,becauseuntilnowonlymenwerehiredtodrivetaxis.Infact,whenitcomestodrivingataxi,somepeoplethinkthewomencandoajobthanthemen.Mosttaxisdrivenbymenareold,hotanduncomfortable.Also,themenus

28、uallyhavebaddrivinghabits.Theydriveonthesidewalksanddonotobeytrafficlights.Thismakesridingintheirtaxis.However,TaxiSisterscabsarebrand-new,andallthevehicleshaveairconditioning.Mostcityresidentsarehappyaboutthechange.Inadditiontotheaddedcomfort,theyfeelthatthewomendrivemorethanthemen.【课堂练习】A.discover

29、sB.equalC.environmentD.preciousE.expressesThestorystartsinacitycalledZootopia,whichisacitylikenoother.Itsameltingpotwhereanimalsfromeverylivetogetheraplacewherenomatterwhatyouare,fromthebiggestelephanttothesmallestshrew（地鼠），youcanbeanything.ButwhenthehappyofficerJudyHoppsarrives,shethatbeingthefirst

30、rabbitonapolicestationofbigandtoughanimalsisntsoeasy.Thelittlerabbitdecidedtoproveherself.Shejumpsatthegoldenchancetodealwithacase,evenifitmeansworkingwithafox,NickWilde,tosolvethemystery（奥秘）.Thefilmthemeaningthatweshouldnevergiveuponadreamorsettledown.Wereall,andthereforeshouldtreat（对待）otherstheway

31、wewishtobetreated.Thefilmcreatesasenseofinspiration,encouragingbothkidsandadultstoaimhigh,workhardandsucceed.A.seriousB.simpleC.againstD.cancelE.focusManystudentssufferfromstressintheirdailylives.Theyareunderstressbecausetheirlivesarenotbalanced.They(1)toomuchnonstudying,dealingwithpressureandworryi

32、ngaboutwhatothersthink,andnotenoughonotherthings.Youmaywonderwhetherstressisa(2)matter.Theansweris“Yes.Youshouldbeawarethatstressisadangertoyourhealth.Ifyouwanttolivea1ong1ife,youneedtobegintofight(3)stressfromayoungage.Herearesomewaystodealwithstressandbringbalancetoyourlife:Bepositive.Onewayto(4)y

33、ourstressisthroughpositivethinking,Youshouldalwayslookontherightsideoflife,andimaginethatyouwillhaveahappyandsuccessfulfuture.裸后作建裸后作建Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.howyouhaveobservedwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedhowthatyouhaveobservedThisbookLucys.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.O

34、K.Goahead.Youareright.A.directorsB.producedC.rarelyD.gainedE.detailsZootopia（疯狂动物城）,knownasZootropolisinEurope,isa2019American3Dcomputer-animatedcomedyadventurefilmbyWaltDisneyAnimationStudiosandreleasedbyWaltDisneyPictures.Itisthe55thanimatedfeature（动画长片）intheWaltDisneyAnimatedClassicsseries.ByronH

35、owardandRichMoorearetheofZootopiaandfeaturethevoicesofGinniferGoodwin,JasonBateman,IdrisElba,J.K.Simmons,TommyChong,OctaviaSpencer,JennySlate,andShakira.ItwasreleasedintheDisneyDigital3D,RealD3D,andIMAX3DformatsonMarch4,2019.Uptonow,Zootopiahasatotalof$311.7millionworldwide.Thefilmtellsinallitstheun

36、likelypartnershipbetweenarabbitpoliceofficerandaredfoxconartist（骗子）.YoucanfindmanysuchpublishedbooksintheShanghaiLibrary.（news）8.SirFrancoisHollandewaselectedpresidentofin2019.（Frenchman）9.Thegirlstalkedallthewaywhentheycameoutofcinema.（exciting）10.Iboughtastorybooktwoweeksago.（保持原句意思）Iastorybookfor

37、twoweeks.11.1thinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.（同义句转换）Ithinkwealthisimportantthanhealth.Theredcarbelongstomymother.（对戈ll线部分提问）belongtoyourmother?Thedecisiontofurtherallorpartofyourstudiesoutsideyourcountryisaseriousone,andonewhichformoststudentswillhaveaspeciallife-longbenefit.IfyourealizeEnglish

38、willhelpyouinyourcareerandenrichyourpersonallife,youwillfindthatcomingtoEnglandtostudyEnglishisaveryspecialethatyouwillneverforget.IamverypleasedtohavethisopportunitytoinviteyoutojoinourEnglishLanguagecourses.Londonisoneoftheworldsoutstandingcandtradecenter.Youwillliveinoneoftheworldsgreatcities.Itp

39、rovidestheperfectarrangementsinwhichtolearnanddevelopEnglishlanguageskills.TheinternationalbodyofthestudentsattendingcoursesatEnglishlanguageInstitutesinLondonprovidesanabecauseitisagoodchanceforyoutoenjoyotherculturesinsurroundingstodeveloppersonalcharacter.Asweprepareforthe21stCentury,internationa

40、lcommunicationhasneverbeenmoreimportant.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisbecomingausefultoolfortrade,industrialandprofessionals.OuraimattheEnglishlanguageInstitutesistodstudentsEnglishlanguageskillsinfriendlyandhelpfulconditions.Supportedbycomputer,videoandaudioequipment,andusingsoundclassroom,ourteamoftea

41、cherswillguideyouthroughyourccourseofstudy,youwillreceiveexcellentserviceandadviceateverystage.Ourout-of-classsupportstaffwillhelpyousettleinandmakethemostofyourstayinLondon.Truly,youwillenjoyyourselfinLondonandmakefriendshipsthatwilllastalifetime.IhopewecanwelcomeyoutothiseworldofLondon.Comeandseeu

42、s!VisitaclassinanyoftheEnglishLanguageInstitutes.SeeforyourselfwhyweencourageyoutostudyinLondon.14.（上海徐汇区二模）Venus（金星）haslongbeenoneofthemostmisunderstoodplanets.Liketheearth,Venushasitsownatmosphere.However,theatmosphereismuchthickerthanthatoftheearth,whichmakesitdifficultformodernscientiststostudy.

43、Thereismuchwestilldonotknowaboutwhatthisplanetislike.However,usingspecialmachines,scientistshave?unlockedmanyofthelong-hiddensecretsinrecentyears.VenusisinmanywaysEarthssisterplanet.Itisalmostthesameinsizeandchemistryastheearth.Inotherwords,Venusismadeupofalmosttheexactsametypesofmaterialsastheearth

44、,inaboutthesameamounts.?IntheearlydaysofVenus4-billion-year-oldlife,itwouldhaveappearedverysimilartotheearth.Thetwowouldhavebeenalmostthesame.However,overaperiodofafewmillionyearsago,Venustookaverydifferentcoursethantheearth.Venusliesmuchclosertothesunthanourplanet.IthasmadeVenusterriblyhot.Sinceitisclosertothesun,Venustemperatureshouldbealittlewarmerthanthatoftheearth.Astheplanetwarmed,waterwhichcanbeusedtoformocea