事件相关电位概念及成分笔记

1、事件相关电位开展：1929Hans Berger :EEG;1935-1936Pauline and Hallowell Davis 单试次 ERP (SINGLE TRAIL)1962Galamobos and Sheatz 计算机平均 ERP1964Grey Walter 第一认知 ERP 成分 CNV ( contingent negative variation 关联负变化)1965Sutton. Braren、Zunbin 和 John , p3基本概念：ERP:事件相关电位本来叫诱发电位(evoked potential,Eps ) Event-related potentials

2、are voltage fluctuations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that are time-locked to internal or external events (e.g., stimuli, responses, decisions)脑干诱发反响(BER , brainstem evoked response ):又叫听觉脑干反响(ABRs ),是 由咯哒声那样的听刺激，在刺激后的前10秒，所诱发的电压很小的ERPs.视诱发电位(VEP, visual evoked potentials/VER, visual evoked res

3、ponse )诱发反响电位(evoked response potentials )起源与神经元有关的电活动：1、动作电位(离散的电压尖峰，从轴突始到轴突末，释放神经递质)；2、突触后电位(神经递质结合于突触后细胞膜受体时产生电压：神经递质引起 例子通道的开放与闭合，从而导致跨细胞膜电位的梯度变化。）单个神经元的突触后电位/动作电位同时记录许多神经元一综合的突触后电位或动作电位神经元群(large population of neurons )进行动作电位记录叫做“多细胞记录(multi-unit recordings );从神经元集群(large groups of neurons )进行的

4、突触后电位记录，叫做”局部场电位”记录(M local field potential recordings )In almost all cases, ERPs originate from postsyosptic potentials(PSPs) in cortical pyramidal cells, arising as a consequence of the flow of ions across the cell membrane in response to neurotransmitters binding with receptors . When PSPs occur

5、simultaneously in similarly oriented neurons, the resulting field potentials summate and the voltage can be detected instantaneously onthe scalp. Thus, ERPs provide a direct, millisecond-resolution measure of neurotransmission-related neural activity.偶极子：突出前末端释放兴奋性神经递质，引起正离子流入突触后神经元，从而在这个神 经元的细胞体以外区

6、域产生膜外负电位，同时，为了形成一个环路，电流又会从细胞体与 基数突流出，造成这个区域带正电。顶树突的浮点与细胞体的正电就形成了一个小偶极 子。简单的说，一个偶极子就是小距离隔开的一堆正、负电位。如果所有的神经元都有相似朝向，接受同类型的输入，就可能在头皮伤进行 测量，这种情况最可能出现于皮层椎体细胞。很多偶极子的累加基本等效于对这些偶极子 进行朝向平均得到的单个偶极子，这种平均偶极子叫做等效电流偶极子（ECD ,equivalent current dipole）（这要这些偶极子的朝向，相互差异大于90,他们就会在某种程度相互抵消，到达180。就会完全抵消一这就是为什么小 脑蒲肯野氏细胞排列

7、整齐，垂直朝向皮层外表，但由于皮层便面高度皱着,所以很难或者不可能记录到小脑电活动.） 容积传导：当大脑这样的传导介质里存在一个偶极子时，电流就会通过介质传导,直到外表一电活动倾向于走最小阻抗的通路，因此，EPRs在遭遇到高阻抗的颅骨时，倾向于向侧 面扩散。这个导致了不能准确地获得ERP起源的真实位置。但是电是仪接近光速传播的, 我们所记录的电位反响了同一瞬间脑内所发生的事情。用磁场记录代替电位记录就可以很大程度上防止因高阻抗颅骨所引起的电位污染。且L 残生ERPs , ERPs偶极子附近就会产生磁场。2、磁场可以穿透露骨，且不因颅骨而模糊 或受污染,所以磁场记录可以具有比电位记录更高的空间分

8、辨率。一MEG （脑磁图） /ERMF （ event-related magnetic field ）ERP成分介绍：视觉的感觉反响：ci 头后部的中线电极位置，极性变化，来自vi区，在矩状裂周围（负责编码 下视野信息的VI区位于距状裂伤员,而负责编码上视野信息位于距状裂下缘。）通 过上视野刺激产出负的的C1的波。刺激后40-60ms出现，80-100ms到达峰值。 高敏感于比照度、空间频率等刺激参数。P1峰值在100-130ms ,见于两侧枕区，会与C1波重叠。fMRI确定P1波早期起 源于背侧外纹状皮层（枕中回），晚期起源主要在腹侧梭状回。也敏感于刺激参数的变 化，以及空间注意的指向，以

9、及被试的唤醒状态。N1 多个子成分。子成分1 , 100-150ms头前部电极；子成分2 , 150- 200ms ,顶区皮层，子成分3 , 150-200ms ,两侧枕区皮层，区分过程。】 简介:In neuroscience, the N100 or N1 is a large, negative-going evoked potential measured by electroencephalography （its equivalent in magnetoencephalography is the M100）; it peaks in adults between 80 and

10、120 milliseconds after the onset of a stimulus, and distributed mostly over the fronto-central region of the scalp. It is elicited by any unpredictable stimulus in the absence of task demands. It is often referred to with the following P200 evoked potential as the N100-P200 or N1-P2 complex. While m

11、ost research focuses on auditory stimuli, the N100 also occurs fovisual （see visual Nl, including an illustration）, olfactory, heat, pain, balance, respiration blocking, and somatosensory stimuli。起源:The auditory N100 is generated by a network of neural populations in the primary and association audi

12、tory cortices in the superior temporal gyrus in Heschls gyrus （赫氏回）and planum temporale （融平面）, It also could be generated in the frontal and motor areas. The area generating it is larger in the right hemisphere than the left.特征:The N100 is preattentive （前注意）and involved in perception （感知） because it

13、s amplitude is strongly dependent upon such things as the rise time of the onset of a sound, its loudness , interstimulus interval with other sounds, and the comparative frequency of a sound as its amplitude increases in proportion to how much a sound differs in frequency from a preceding one. Neuro

14、magnetic research has linked it further to perception by finding that the auditory cortex has a tonotopic organization to N100.14 However, it also shows a link to a persons arousal15 and selective attention.16 N100 is decreased when a person controls the creation of auditory stimuli,17 such as their

15、 own voice.18P2 头前部和中央皮层，靶刺激相对罕见时反响增强。与P3相比，P2靶特征特征 简单，P3复杂。头后部，P2波常常与Nl、p2以及P3的重叠而难以区分。N170与顶正电位顶正电位(vertex positive potential)面孔刺激与非面孔刺激的差异波。150-200ms ,中央区的中线部位。N170 ,右半球，枕区两侧，面孔 刺激和非面孔刺激。倒置面孔与正向面孑用比激发更大更晚的N170。倒置效应和面 孔特异性。P3家族P300刺激recording仪器：Nexstm eXimia EEG-system with60 carbon electrodes cap

16、 (Nexstm Ltd.). Theimpedance : 10 kQ.参考:placed on the forehead.【采样】The sampling rate was 1450 Hz. All signals were amplifed with a gain of 2000 and filtered with a hardware-based bandpass filter of 0.1-350 Hz. data were low-pass filtered and segmented into trials from -200ms to 1000ms relative to st

17、imulus onset. The data were manually checke for any artifacts, including eye movements and blinks. All trials contaminated by artifacts were discarded from further analysis. Data were baseline-corrected with a 100 ms window prior to the stimulus onset. For cleaner ERP traces in figures, data were fi

18、ltered with a 10-Hz lowpass filter instead of the 30 Hz low-pass filter used for data analysis.Feedback related negativity (FRN)反响Regarding feedback-related ERPs, a considerable amount of research reports that an ERP component, known as the feedback related negativity (FRN), is sensitive to feedback

19、 valence such as correct vs. incorrect, win vs. loss, better or worse (Bismark, Hajcak, Whitworth, & Allen, 2013; Gehring & Willoughby, 2002; Holroyd & Coles, 2002; Miltner, Braun, & Coles, 1997).FRN is typically observed during a 200-350ms time window after the onset of feedback stimuli. In particu

20、lar, negative feedback such as Tose“ elicits a negative deflection of on-going ERP waveforms than positive feedback such as win , and this FRN is characterized with a fronto-central scalp distribution (Gehring & Willoughby, 2002; Miltner et al., 1997; Walsh & Anderson, 2012).Recent studies, however,

21、 employed more sophisticated analyses to decompose ERPs and found that this FRN was driven by a positive potential elicited by a positive feedback, rather than a negative potential elicited by a negative feedback. For example, when using temporal principal component analyses to decompose overlapping

22、 ERP activities (e.g., FRN, P300, late slow waves), studies showed that positive feedback such as reward cues elicited positive ERPs while negative feedback elicited dampened ERPs (Foti, Weinberg, Dien, & Hajcak, 2011; Proudfit, 2015). Moreover, a recent simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording study revealed that the ERPs elicited by positive feedback was positively correla