高考话题十三自然与环境课件

1、自然与环境高考话题十三自然与环境高考话题十三话题解读 “自然与环境”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。话题解读高考探究 “自然与环境”是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如：2016年北京卷阅读理解C篇；2016上海卷阅读理解B篇；2016四川卷书面表达；2015安徽卷完形填空；2014年新课标全国卷阅读理解B篇等

2、。高考探究你校计划进行一次宣传活动，主题是保护人类共同的朋友动物。现请你就此写一份宣传材料，内容包括动物的生存现状、动物对于人类的重要性等，并且在最后提出倡议。话题晨背 积累素材 你校计划进行一次宣传活动，主题是保护人类共同的朋友动物。佳作欣赏Dear friends，Have you noticed that the number of rare animals is on the decrease？With our environment going worse，many animals cant adapt themselves to the new changes so that ma

3、ny species are endangered or have even died out.Besides，human activity also has a great influence on them.For example，people often kill them in order to get their meat or fur.佳作欣赏Animals are our friends.They play an important role in keeping the balance of nature.We cant live without them.Whats more

4、，both humans and animals should share the earth equally.To show our love to animals can definitely help us live more happily.To conclude，please remember your care can make a difference.Join us in protecting our best friendsanimals.Animals are our friends.They p名师点睛本文层次清楚，第一段描写动物受到威胁的现状，第二段是动物对人类的重要性

5、，第三段提出了倡议。作者的遣词造句还有以下特点：(1)短语的有效运用。文中出现了大量的短语，如：on the decrease，adapt oneself to，die out，have a great influence on，in order to，play an important role in，make a difference等的恰当使用丰富了文章的语言，也有助于准确地表达文意。(2)较复杂句式的使用也是该文的一个亮点，如：with复合结构和so that引导的结果状语从句。(3)作者成功地使用了多个副词来表达强烈的感情，如：equally，definitely等。名师点睛词句排查

6、语境巩固直击重点突破考点内容索引研究高考与话题提高词汇运用能力词句排查语境巩固直击重点突破考点内容索引研究高考与话题词句排查语境巩固词句排查语境巩固.写作必记单词1. n.行为 v.举止，表现2. n.& vt.毁坏，损害3. vt.破坏，毁坏 n.破坏，毁灭4. adj.远的；远处的 n.距离重点单词1behaviourbehavedamagedestroydistantdistancedestruction.写作必记单词重点单词1behaviourbehaveda5. n.努力，艰难的尝试6. n.&vt.影响7. vt.许可，允许 n.许可证 n.允许，许可8. n.污染 vt.使污染9

7、. vt.防止，预防effortinfluencepermitpermissionpollutionpolluteprevent5. n.努力，艰难的尝试effort10. vt.保护 n.保护11. vt.回收；再循环12. n.志愿者13. vt.& n.浪费；滥用；废料14. v.挥手；向致意 n.波浪；挥手protectprotectionrecyclevolunteerwavewaste10. vt.保护protectp.阅读识记单词15.advocate vt._16.atmosphere n. _17.blow vt. _ n. _18.challenging adj. _19.

8、decrease v. _20.decline v. _拥护，支持；提倡大气；气氛吹；刮吹；重击具有挑战性的减少，变小减少，下降；衰退；谢绝.阅读识记单词拥护，支持；提倡大气；气氛吹；刮吹；重击具有21.disappearance n. _ vi.消失，失踪22.ecology n. _23.environment n. _24.evolution n. _25.extinction n. _26.garbage n. _27.harvest n.& vt. _28.harmony n. _消失disappear生态，生态学环境进化，演变灭绝垃圾收割，收获(物)和谐21.disappearan

9、ce n. _消失dis29.irrigate vt. _30.material n. _31.primitive adj. _32.preserve vt. _33.protection n. _34.punishment n. _35.puzzled adj. _36.radiation n. _灌溉原料；材料原始的，远古的保护；保留，保存保护惩罚迷惑不解的放射，放射物29.irrigate vt. _灌溉原料；材料原始37.responsibility n. _ adj.有责任的，应负责任的38.rubbish n. _39.substitute vt. _40.survival n.

10、_责任，负责responsible垃圾；废物取代，代替存活，幸存37.responsibility n. _语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空1.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average (survive) time in the wild is now just under eight years.(2016北京)2.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing (behave) in a group.(2016浙江)3.Video

11、 games can be a poor (influent) if left in the wrong hands.(2015湖南)survivalbehavioursinfluence语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空survivalbeh4.From a (distant)，Lucy switched on the prerecorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.(2014安徽)5.I know you take good pictures

12、and youve always wanted to do something for environmental (protect).(2016全国)6.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme，but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a (volunteer) basis.(2016上海)distanceprotectionvoluntary4.From a (dist7.Group exercise is (challenge)，yet fun and emp

13、owering！(2015福建)8.If it werent for Rachel Carson，the (environment) movement might not exist today.(2016全国)9.At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to (punishment) them.10.This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking

14、 (puzzle).challengingenvironmentalpunishpuzzled7.Group exercise is 1. 号召/呼吁某人做某事2. 砍倒3. 灭绝4. 对有危害5. 对有灾难性的影响6. 与和谐相处7. 阻止做高频短语2call on sb. to do sth.cut downdie outdo harm tohave disastrous effect onlive in harmony withprevent.from.1. 8. 用完；耗尽9. 采取措施做某事10. 对负责任run outtake steps/measures/action to do

15、 sth.take/be responsibility for8. 用完；耗尽run out语境活用运用上述短语完成片段 Recently many trees in the forest 1. (被砍倒) by the farmers，which 2. (给带来很大危害) nature.Many animals and plants have 3. (灭绝).This will 4._ (对有灾难性的影响) human being.I think human beings should 5. (对负责) their actions and 6._ (与和谐共处) nature.The gov

16、ernment should 7._ to 8. (阻止他们) doing these things again and 9. (号召) them to plant more trees.were cut downdid great harm todied outhave disastrouseffect ontake responsibility forlive inharmony withtakemeasures/steps/actionprevent them fromcall on语境活用运用上述短语完成片段were cut down1.with复合结构With the number

17、of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。仿写 Tori的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，“我敢打赌，Sean两天前告诉我的。”(2016浙江) ，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”经典句式3With her eyes shining1.with复合结构经典句式3With her eyes s2.Its (high) time that.Its high t

18、ime that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。仿写 是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。Its time I thinking about that essay.got down to2.Its (high) time that.got 3.过去分词(短语)作状语Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection.面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保

19、护的意识。仿写 因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。 ，Susan was sent back to the camp.Bitten by the snake in the bush3.过去分词(短语)作状语Bitten by the sna直击重点突破考点边讲边练突破核心词汇自主训练突破常考词汇点拨规律突破经典句型直击重点突破考点边讲边练突破核心词汇自主训练突破常考词(1)Once the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。(2015北京)

20、(2)An oil ship in a terrorist attack in Red Sea.一艘油轮在红海因遭到恐怖袭击而受损。1damage n.& v.损害；伤害；破坏突破核心词汇边讲边练suffered damage(1)Once the damage is done，it cause/do damage to对造成损害suffer damage遭受损害repair damage修复损害名师点评名词damage的复数意为“赔偿费”。cause/do damage to对造成损害名师点评名基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)What was said is really (damage).(

21、2)Smoking does great damage ones health.写作能力提升句式升级(3)His reputation was damaged，and he regretted having done so.(用with复合结构改写) ，he regretted having done so. 层级训练damagingtoWith his reputation damaged基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练damagin(1)When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found her neighbor

22、hood was destroyed.飓风过后，Natalie回到Rockaway，她发现她居住的街区被毁了。(2016北京)(2)All hopes of a peaceful settlement by his speech.和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。2destroy vt.破坏；毁掉were destroyed(1)When Natalie returned to Rodestroy，damage，ruin(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏，不能或很难修复。多指不可抵抗的外界力量造成的损害。(2)damage一般指局部地、可修复地、非彻底地损害、伤害。主要用作及物动词，可用于被

23、动结构；作名词时，表示“损害”。(3)ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。词义辨析destroy，damage，ruin词义辨析用destroy，damage，ruin的正确形式填空(1)After the earthquake，many buildings ，but the local people still repaired the ones and built some new ones to keep their hometown from coming to .用destroy的正确形式填空(

24、2)Smoking his health，he is quite weak now.(3)His hope ，he felt helpless. 即时训练were destroyeddamagedruindestroyingdestroyed用destroy，damage，ruin的正确形式填空 (1)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基

25、本过程。(2016浙江)(2)He begins writing his friend，Robert Frost.他在朋友罗伯特弗罗斯特的影响下写诗。3influence n.影响；有影响的人(或事物) v.影响under the influence of(1)The study suggests that thebe influenced by受的影响have an influence on对起作用/有影响under the influence of在的影响下be influenced by受的影响基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)What exactly is the influence of

26、 television children?(2)Its all too easy to be influenced our parents.(3)The language we speak is said (influence) the way we think. 层级训练onbyto influence基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练onbyto 写作能力提升同义句改写(4)Van Gogh had an influence on the development of modern painting.Van Gogh the development of modern painting.V

27、an Gogh the development of modern painting.influenced/affectedhad an effect on写作能力提升同义句改写influenced/affe(1)With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food，students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.除了用小微波炉热饭外，学生不允许在他们的房间里做饭。(2015天津)(2)The owners dont permit cars in front of th

28、e shops.店主们不允许在其商店门口停车。4permit v.允许；许可；准许 n.通行证；许可证；执照parking(1)With the exception of using(1)permit sb.to do sth. permit sb.sth.允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事 permit of容许(常用于否定句)(2)ask for permission请求许可with/without ones permissionwith/without the permission of sb.获取某人同意/没有获得某人许可(1)permit sb.to do

29、sth.允许某人做某事基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)I was permitted (talk) to the prisoner and the guards permitted me (bring) my camera and tape recorder.(2)The facts permit no other explanation.(3)He asked for (permit) to leave the room.(4)Pages cant be copied the permission of the publisher. 层级训练to talkto bringofpermissio

30、nwithout基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练to talk写作能力提升句式升级(5)If time permits，I will visit the Great Wall.(用独立主格结构改写) ，I will visit the Great Wall.Time permitting写作能力提升句式升级Time permitting(1)We must find ways to protect our environment.我们必须找到保护环境的方法。(2015全国)(2)The chicks are of the hen.小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。5protect vt.保卫，防卫und

31、er the protection(1)We must find ways to protec(1)protect.from保护不受(危害)protect.against.保护免受(的伤害)(强调较大的事情，如战争、灾害、威胁等)(2)protection n.U保护；C保护者；防护物；保护费under the protection of在的保护下名师点拨keep sb. from doingstop sb.(from) doingprevent sb.(from) doing阻止某人做(在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略；被动语态中from均不可省略。)(1)pr

32、otect.from保护不受(危害)名基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)The (protect) of the country is the duty of everyone.(2)Some animals can protect themselves their enemies by changing their colours.(3)This medicine will protect you a return of the illness. 层级训练protectionfromagainst基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练protect写作能力提升句式升级(4)The trees are

33、 protected by teachers and students and they grow well.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) ，the trees grow well.Protected by teachers and students写作能力提升句式升级Protected by tea(1)Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.光污染对动物的视力造成伤害。(2015浙江)(2) taking something to relieve a headache.吃点药缓解头痛也没什么大的坏处。6do harm to

34、给带来危害Theres no great harm in(1)Light pollution does harm t(1)do harm to sb.do sb. harm伤害某人cause harm to sb.伤害某人mean no harm to.对没有恶意There is no harm in doing.做无害处(2)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害(3)harmless adj.无害的(1)do harm to sb.do sb. harm伤词义辨析harm，injure，wound，hurt(1)harm意为“伤害，损害”，表示肉体或精神上受到伤害

35、，也表示对环境的伤害。(2)injure意为“伤害”，多指事故中人或物受到损伤，也表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。(3)wound意为“使受伤，伤害”，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害。(4)hurt意为“疼痛，受伤”，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。词义辨析harm，injure，wound，hurt基础知识训练用harm，injure，wound，hurt的正确形式填空(1)Being in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.(2)The doctor was performing th

36、e operation on the boy in the battle.(3)If you want to the environment，you have to pay to do it，and I agree with that.(4)Youll her feelings if you forget her birthday. 层级训练injuredwoundedharmhurt基础知识训练用harm，injure，wound，hu单句改错(5)His film was a complete failure，and this did his reputation a lot of har

37、ms.harm写作能力提升一句多译(6)如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。If used improperly，the medicine will .(harm n.)If used improperly，the medicine will .(harmful)do/cause harm to you/do youharmbe harmful to you单句改错harm写作能力提升一句多译do/cau(1)My patience was running out.我有点忍无可忍了。(朗文词典)(2)So many places of interest does Beijing offer

38、that most visitors simply time before seeing them all.北京提供了如此多的名胜古迹以至于大多数游客用光了所有时间也没有看完。7run out 结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态)run out of(1)My patience was running outrun out of (人)用完；从中流出/跑出run across跑着穿过；偶然碰见run after追捕；跟踪；追求run away跑开；逃走run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)in the long run从长远来看run out of (人)用完；从中流出/跑出基础知识训练

39、单句语法填空(1)One day she happened to run Xiao Liu.(2)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，but they will save us money the long run.(3)If you run two hares，you will catch neither.(4)Lost in thought，he almost ran the car in front of him.(5)In the future，care for the environment will become very i

40、mportant as earths natural resources run .(6)A soldier will not run in face of danger. 层级训练acrossinafterintooutaway基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练acrossi写作能力提升同义句改写(7)He ran out of his ink.(用his ink作主语改写)_His ink was run out of/ran out/gave out/was used up.写作能力提升同义句改写His ink was run(1)Should we just pay lip servi

41、ce or take practical measures to protect it?我们仅仅是敷衍还是采取实际措施去保护它呢？(2)Could you the height of the wall for me?你能为我量一下墙的高度吗？(朗文词典)8take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事measuremeasure n.措施；方法；尺度；标准；计量单位；v.测量；度量；量度为；估量；判定make sth.to ones measure照某人的尺寸做某物measure.by.用来衡量(1)Should we just pay lip serv基础知识训练单句语法填

42、空(1)You should take effective (measure) to improve your working conditions.(2)Please make a suit my measure.(3)Urgent measures (take) to prevent car emission；but even so，its influence is still great enough to cause smog and acid rain.(4)Education shouldnt (measure) purely by examination results. 层级训

43、练measurestohave been takenbe measured基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练measure写作能力提升句式升级(5)There are some tall trees on the hill and some measure 30 meters.(用独立主格结构改写)There are some tall trees on the hill，.some measuring 30 meters写作能力提升句式升级some measuring 3substitute v.替换；用代替 n.代替物(品)；代替者突破常考词汇自主训练9 层级训练基础知识训练用substi

44、tute，replace的正确形式填空(1)The driver the worn-out tires with new ones.(2)He for the teacher who was in hospital.replacedsubstitutedsubstitute v.替换；用代替突破常考词汇自主训写作能力提升一句多译(3)史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。Mr.Smith who was sick.(substitute for)Mr.Smith who was sick.(take the place of)Mr.Smith who was sick.(in place of)su

45、bstituted for the teachertook the place of the teacherwas in place of the teacher写作能力提升一句多译substituted for 词义辨析substitute，replace(1)这两个词的含义略有不同，substitute强调“代替，顶替”；而replace强调“替换，更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用take the place of更通俗些)。(2)在句型结构上，通常是：substitute A for B “用A代替B”(使用A)；replace A with/by B “用B替换A”(使用B

46、)。词义辨析substitute，replace短语填空call on sb.to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事10call on，call off，call up，call for(1)The picnic because of the rain.(2)Lets stop off and Tim and his family.(3)These pictures memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in Hainan during the summer holiday.(4)I called the bakery on m

47、y way home.was called offcall oncall upat短语填空call on sb.to do sth. 号召名师点拨call at地点拜访某个地方call on人拜访某人call off停止做；取消call up召唤；使回忆起；提出；打电话；征召入伍名师点拨call at地点拜访某个地方短语填空die out 灭亡；逐渐消失；过时11die out，die away，die off，die down，die of，be dying to(1)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely ski

48、n cancer as a woman.(2)She know where youve been.(3)The excitement as time went by.to die ofis dying todied down短语填空die out 灭亡；逐渐消失；过时11die die out，die away，die off，die down，die of，be dying to(4)The singing of birds .(5)The cattle in the cold winter.(6)Nowadays，many old customs are gradually .died a

49、waydied offdying outdie out，die away，die off，die d(1)With the summer vacation approaching，I desire to do a part-time job in a foreign company.随着暑假的临近，我想在一家外资企业找一份兼职工作。(2016全国)句型：with复合结构12With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的

50、快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。突破经典句型点拨规律(1)With the summer vacation ap(2)He stood in the rain， .他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。(3)He stood at the door， .他站在门口，手里拿着一台电脑。with his clothes wetwith a computer in his hand(2)He stood in the rain， “with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：with宾语doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作)with宾语done(表示被动或已完成的动作)with宾语to do(表

51、示将来的动作)with宾语adj.with宾语adv.with宾语介词短语“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)With winter (come) on，its time to buy warm clothes.(2)With nothing (do)，Tom sleeps at home. 层级训练comingto do基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练comingt写作能力提升用with复合结构改写下列句子(3)The College Entrance Examination is drawing near，so the students fee

52、l great pressure. ，the students feel great pressure.(4)After she took a great weight off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. ，she passed all the tests successfully.With the College Entrance Examination drawing nearWith a great weight taken off her mind写作能力提升用with复合结构改写下列句子With 13Its high

53、 time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。(1)It is time that we made a decision.是我们作决定的时候了。(2)It was the second time that he to her help.这是他第二次帮她了。句型：Its (high) time that.had gone13Its high time that we paid (1)It is (about/high) time that主语did/should do.到

54、了某人做的时候了。(2)It is time (for sb.) to do.到了(某人)做的时候了。(3)It/There was a time when.那是/曾有的时期。(4)It/This/That is/was/will be the first/second.time that.是某人第次做，在此句型中，当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。(1)It is (about/high) time tha基础知识训练单句语法填空(1)This is the first time that I (hear) him

55、 sing.(2)It was the third time that the boy (be) late.(3)It is high time that we (take) immediate action to solve the problem.(4)Its time for us (get) together.(5)There was a time everyones opinion was mine as well. 层级训练have heardhad beentook/should taketo getwhen基础知识训练单句语法填空 层级训练have he写作能力提升一句多译(6

56、)到了我们为高考做准备的时候了。 the College Entrance Examination.(Its time for sb.to do) the College Entrance Examination.(含有should的虚拟语气) the College Entrance Examination.(含有过去式的虚拟语气)Its time for us to make preparations forIts time that we should make preparations forIts time that we made preparations for写作能力提升一句多

57、译Its time for us研究高考与话题提高词汇运用能力话题下的阅读理解话题下的完形填空话题下的书面表达研究高考与话题提高词汇运用能力话题下的阅读理解话题下的阅读理解话题下的(2016上海，B) Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997，the Kyo

58、to Protocol explained our role in the Earths changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.阅读理解话题下的(2016上海，B)More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to lim

59、it global warming.But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.More recently，the Paris Agreem高考话题十三自然与环境课件70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that .A.the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B.gas emissions have been effect

60、ively reduced in developed countriesC.the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD.humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming推理判断题。根据第一段第三至六句“Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997，the Kyoto.stuck by nearly 200