英语语言学树形图举例

1、树形图详尽解说Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.a)Theoldladysuddenlyleft.DetANQualVb)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.DetNVPDetNPDetNc)Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.DetNAuxAuxVDetNd)Heneverappearsquitemature.NQualVDegA2.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappr

2、opriatetreestructureforeach.fullofpeopleAPAPNfullofpeopleastoryaboutasentimentalgirlNPNPPPDetNPNPDetANastoryaboutasentimentalgirloftenreaddetectivestoriesVPQualVNPANoftenreaddetectivestoriestheargumentagainsttheproposalsNPNPPPDetNPNPDetNtheargumentagainsttheproposalsmovetowardsthewindowVPVPPPDetNmov

3、etowardsthewindowDrawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.a)Thejetlanded.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetNPstVThejetlandedMarybecameveryill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVAPDegAMarybecameveryillWhatwillyoutalkabout?CPNPCSNInflNPInflVPVPNPVPNWhatwillyouetalkabouteTheapplemighthittheman.SNPVPDetNAuxVNPDetN.T

4、heapplemighthitthemanORInflP(=S)NPInflVPDetNVNPDetNTheapplemighthitthemanHeoftenreadsdetectivestories.SNPVPNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsetectivestoriesORInflP(=S)NPInflVPPresentNQualVNPANHeoftenreadsetectivestoriesThefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(

5、s),thendrawthetreestructures.Afrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplane.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVNPDetAN.AfrightenedpassengerlandedthecrippledairplaneAhugemoonhungintheblacksky.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPstVPPPNPDetANAhugemoonhungintheblackskyAnunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.InflP(=S)NPInflVPD

6、etANPstVPPPNPDetNAnunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeetingAquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPDetANPPstVPPANPNPDetANAquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhillThefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.I

7、nflP(=S).NPVPNAuxVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsORInflP(=S)NPVPNInflVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsHelenputonherclothesandwentout.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentout.Mary

8、isfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPresVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsThedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein.SSCONSNPVPNPVPDetNVAdvDetANVAdvThedetectivewento

9、utandthemysteriousmancameinCrusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.SNPVPCPNVCSSCONSNPVPNPVPNAuxVDetNAuxV.CrusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmeltThefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsent

10、ence.a)YouknowthatIhatewar.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPNPNVNYouknowthatIhatewarORCPCInflP(=S)NPInflVPCPNPresVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewarHesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPCPNVCSNPVPDetNVA.HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasoverGerrycantbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNPVPNVP

11、NPCPAuxNegVNPCSDetNNPVPNVNPDetANGerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexamChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNPVPCPNVLACSNPVPDetNVNPNPNDetNChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-RoyceThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNPVPCPDetNVPCSVPNPVPNVNPNThechildrenarguedover

12、whetherbatshadwingsthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructure.treesforeachofthesentences.Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegANPInflVPNVNPNTheessayhewrotethatwastoolongSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSDegPNPNPInflVPNNPstVNPNTheessaythathewroteewastoolongThedogthathekeepsbi

13、tes.DeepstructureCPCS.NPVPDetNCPVCInflSPresNPVPNVNPNThedoghekeepsthatbitesSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVCSNPNPInflVPNNPresVNPNThedogthathekeepsebitesHerbertfoundthemansheloved.Deepstructure.CPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNCSNPInflVPNPNVNHerbertfoundthemanshelovedwhoSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNSCNPI

14、nflVPNPNPNVNNHerbertfoundtheman(whom)sheloveded)Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCInflSNNPVPPPNQualVPNPVPNThegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguisticsSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCSNNPNPInflVPPPNNQualVPNP.VPNThegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswith

15、emajorsinlinguisticsThederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPAdvPNInflVAdvyouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCPCSVPNPAdvPInflNInflVAdvwouldyouecometomorro

16、wCanyoupassmethenewspaper?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPNInflVNDetNyoucanpassmethenewspaperSurfacestructure.CPCSVPInflNPNPNPNInflVNDetNCanyouepassmethenewspaperc)Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPNPDetNInflVDetNthestudentsshouldreporttheincidentSurfacestructureCPCSVPInflNPNPDetNInflVDetNshouldthestudentsereporttheincidentWhatdidyoueatforlunch?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPNPNPNInflVPNN.youdideatwhatforlunchSurfacestructureCPNPCSVPInflNPPPNPNPNNInflVPNNwhatdidyoueeateforlunche)Whoshouldthisbereportedto?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPVPNPNInflVVPNthisshouldberepor