高中英语代词讲解与练习

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业代词代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 反身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词 6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词一 人称代词英语中主要有以下这些人称代词： 数 格 人称单数复数一二三一二三主格Iyouhe, she, itweyouthey宾格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? - Its me.

2、但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.It is she who wants this clothes.在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g. He and she still dont agree to the plan.二 物主代词英

3、语中主要有下列这些物主代词：类型 词义我的你的他（她，它）的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourHis, her, itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyoursHis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如my brother名词性的物主代词可以作：1) 主语 Ours is a big family.2）宾语Lets clean their room first and ours later.3）表语Whose dictionary is this? -its mine.4） “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 Tha

4、t car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is .三 反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfItself复数ourselvesyourselves themselves1这些词可用来：作宾语I cant express myself in English.2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”They must make investiga

5、tion themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。与by oneself较难区分 by oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。2自身代词常和某些动词连用enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好),help yourself to sth. 请吃点.Come to oneself苏醒3常与某些介词连用by oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助）for oneself替自己，自己 He has a right to decide for hi

6、mself. 他有权自己决定。in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。to oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。四 相互代词One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。We can help one another (each other).We are eager to learn from each other. 五 指示代词有this, that, these, those.注意：前面刚提到的东西，英语中

7、常用that (或those)表示。e.g. We have no time to do it. Thats our trouble. 2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this, 表示。I want to know this: has John been here?3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）Those who wish to go to the concert may sign up here.He was among those who attended it.六 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what, which都

8、是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。1 what, who 一般来说，what 问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。-What was her husband?- He was a lawyer.比较 - who was her husband? - He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.2 which, what Which用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of.What fruit do you like best?Which do you like better, o

9、ranges or apples?3 在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。e.g. Who live(s) in this room? 如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数，则动词多用单数形式。-Whats there on the desk?- Therere some books on it.七.连接代词：疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。It is not decided who will hold the meeting?Do you know whose pen it is?The qu

10、estion is whom I should trust.1 代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。What (the thing which) she lacks is experience.We should never pretend to know what we dont know. 2 who(m), which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导主从或宾从。Whatever he did was right.Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.八 不定代词：英语中有下面

11、这些不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.1.some, any和no的用法1). some /any+可数名词复数/不可数名词2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定应答的疑问句。any用于疑问句或否

12、定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一个”Would you like some tea?You can ask me if you have any questions.3). some of +代词宾格复数 + the + 名词复数 I know some of them, but not all.4). no+可数名词/不可数名词 no=not a/not anyI have no car. ( I have not a car.)We had no bread for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.)Exercise : Fill

13、in the blanks with some, any or no1). I asked her for _ paper, but she didnt have _. some any 2). Would you like to have _ bananas? Yes, Id like to. some3). Lucy has _ bike and she often rides her sisters bike. no4). _ of the plants grow well. Some5). There is _ air on the moon. noThere isnt _ paper

14、 in the box. Will you go and get _ for me?Aany; someBany; anyCsome; someDsome; any A2.few, a few, little, a little的用法： 词类目含 义 语 气 修饰或代替的名词 few 很少几个 否定 复数可数名词 a few 有几个 肯定 复数可数名词 little 很少，不多 否定 不可数名词 a little 有一点 肯定 不可数名词 Exercise:1). I have a little good friends in our class.(改错) a little-a fewA B

15、C D2). There is little water in the bottle, _ _? (补全反意疑问句) is there3)There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; littleCfew; a few Dlittle; a little A4). Kate is a nice girl. She says _ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c3.some，any, no, every与-th

16、ing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。something, somebody和someone用于肯定句anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑问句注意：1).这些代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anything Banything important Cimportant someth

17、ing Dsomething important D4.both和all的用法：1). both “两者都 ” ；all “三者或以上都”2). both+名词复数 Both suggestions are good. both of +代词宾格复数 Both of my parents are healthy. both of + the+名词复数3). all + the+名词复数/不可数名词All the oil has been used up.all of +代词宾格复数 All of them go to the movies.all of + the+名词复数 All of th

18、e windows are open.5.both, either和neither的用法：both：指两者都，肯定。后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。either：指两者中的任意一个。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。例如: Either boy speaks English well. Neither dog barks at strangers. Neither of the answers is right. Either of the magazines is useful.bothand 作主语时,谓语

19、动词用复数形式. either or “不是就是; 或者或者”. 连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语坚持就近原则neithernor “既不又不Exercise:1).Both Li Ping and I _ (be) students. are2).Neither Li Ping nor I _ (be) a student. am3).Either this answer or that answer _ (be) correct. is4).Both (of them) _ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy5). They were all asleep. _ of them h

20、eard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c6).-May I use your pen? -Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d7). Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ? _, thanks. Id just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b8)

21、There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball CEither DeveryC6.each和every的用法：1).each强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。做主语谓语动词用单数。every强调“全体”,只能作定语(后面必须跟着名词)。Each (boy) has a dictionary.每个孩子都有一本词典。Every boy has a dictionary.所有的孩子都有一本词典They each have two pens.他们每人有两支钢笔Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。not

22、 every man is honest.2). Each指两个或两个以上中的每一个，可作代词或形容词。Every指三个或以上中每一个，只作形容词。On _ side of the street there are shops and restaurants. eachOn _ side of the square there are tall buildings. Each/every3). every还可以表示“每隔的；每中的”Every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天4). and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，

23、其谓语动词要用单数形式。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Exercise:1). - How often are the Olympic Games held? - _ four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For A 2). There are many trees on _ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d3). _ of them has a dictio

24、nary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionaryAEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every a4).There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach D5)_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary.AEa

25、ch; every BEvery; eachCEach; each DEvery; every A改错：1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each2). TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,andeveryofthemiseasytounderstand. every改each7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法1). one:一个, 代指前面出现过的同类可数名词，复数为ones。2). another经常指三者或三者以上中的另一个，意思是“另外

26、一个”，表示泛指。I dont like this coat. Show me another, please. another +数字+复数名词：另外几个 We need another 3 plates.3).other表示“另外的”，只作定语;other+名词复数=others (没有范围限定）当other 前 no, any, some 等词时，可接单数形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice.4).the other,两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成onethe other (一个。另一个)5).ot

27、hers泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some others6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的复数形式。Exercise:用another和other、others1). Lei Feng is always ready to help _. others2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and _ are watering the trees . others3). I have got ten pencil

28、s. Two of them are red , the _ are blue. others4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the _. other5). I have read three stories. Ill go on to read _. Others/another6). Can I have _ three cakes? another7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _. OneThese sweaters are too sma

29、ll for me. Please show me _ one.Aother Bothers Cthe othersDanother DThere are twenty teachers in this gradeEight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.Athe otherBthe othersCothers Dother B8. none, no one, nothing的用法区别1).no one=nobody只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；谓语动词用单数；表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含any

30、one, anybody引起的疑问句。No one like a person with bad manners.Who is in the room?No one.Is there anyone in the room?No one.2).none可与of连用，具体指什么人或物；谓语动词用单或复数；指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中没有一个“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。请看：None of us have/has seen him.He wants me to

31、 lend him some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的钱）How many students are there in the room? None.How much money do you have on you? None.Is there any water in the bottle? None.3).nothing 指物,泛指；谓语用单数；一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen

32、.（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种） What is in the box? Nothing.Is there anything in the sky? Nothing.Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing.下面的顺口溜将帮你记得更清楚。No one与none好分辨。/具体人，物把none填。不知何人与何物，/No one， nothing是一路。No one人nothing物，/保你不会出错误。 Exercise :1.There is _ in the room. no one2._ of the students is afraid

33、 of difficulties . None3. -How many fish did you catch? None -_. 4.-Who is in the classroom? -_. No one=Nobody They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.Aany BSome Cnone Dneither C9. 全部否定和部分否定1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody,

34、 nothing, notany 和no +名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定；e.g. Both of them havent read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。only one of them has read this story.All bamboo doesnt grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them

35、can work out this problem.总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。（部分否定）Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。（全否）It作代词时一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替单数可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。ONE 用来代替同类事物中的一个，只可代替可数名词，表示同类泛指，复数形式是ones，有时one 可以有修饰词。THAT 用来代替同类

36、事物中的特指的一个，表示同类特指，即可代替单数名词（替代可数名词用those）也可替代不可数名词。其代替可数名词单数时相当于the one .Key: 18ADDDDACC练习一：1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her B2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few D3. -

37、You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other B4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs C5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle o

38、f milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None B6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _.A. us B. ours C. you D. yours B7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C.

39、 Both D. None A8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself D9. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody A10. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels

40、lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more C11. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another D12. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. n

41、one D. either A13. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All C14. Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that A15. -That woman has a bag in her right ha

42、nd. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other B16. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves C17. -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none A18. You forgot your dictionary? You may

43、 have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself C练习二：1. This is _ classroom. Where is _?A.our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs C2.Our manager allowed _to take a holiday next week. A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D. you and me D3.-I feel a bit thirsty. -Why dont you have _ water? A

44、. some B. a C. any D. little A4.I have two cats and I like_. A. all of them B. them both C. every one of them D. them each B5. My father said that he would take _ for dinner when he came next time. A. all us out B. out all us C. all out us D. us all out D6.Some of my students study very har_just don

45、t care. A. Anothers B. The other C. Others D. Some other C7.My brother is a man of_words. A.little B.few C.less D.fewer B8.There is _hope for the work to be finished in such short time. A. much B. small C.few D.little D9.Some old buildings were put down,but_new ones have been built. A.much more B.no

46、 more C.many more D.any more C10.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_. A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.each one A11.-Which of the two French films do you like better? -_,because they are meaningless. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither D12.-The US is certainly an interesting cou

47、ntry. -Yes,you can find just about_there. A. something B. everything C.nothing D.anything B13.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_. A.as a large city B.like a large city C.as that of a large city D.like in a large city C14.A few of_are planning to drive to New York during spring break. A.we boys B.boys weC.us boysD.boys C15.That man is a