常见的词根讲义精简

1、Commonly Used RootsRootMeaningExampleChinese Equivalentaden-glandadenocarcinoma 腺癌adenectomy 腺切除术，增殖腺切除术adenofibroma 腺纤维瘤adenositis 腺炎adenosis 腺病alb/o-whitealbinism白化病，皮肤变白症albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白albino : 白化病患者，白化体angi/o-vesselangiotomy血管切开angitis 脉管炎, 血管炎, 淋巴管炎angiocardiogram :di 心血管照片angialgia 血管痛appendic

2、-appendixappendicectomy 阑尾切除(术) appendicitis 阑尾炎arter/i/o- arteryarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化arteriomalacia 动脉软化arteriectasia : 动脉扩张arthr-jointarthroplasty关节造形术, 关节形成术arthritis 关节炎arthrosis 关节，关节病arthralgia 关节痛aur- earauricle : 外耳, 耳廓aurinasal : 耳鼻的auristics : 耳科学blephar- eyelidblepharoplasty 眼睑整容术blepharo

3、n (pl. -ra) 眼睑brachi- armbrachiocephalic头臂动脉的brachium 臂brachialgia 臂神经痛bronch-bronchusbronchography支气管造影( 术)bronchitis 支气管炎bronchotomy 支气管切开术cardi/o-heartcardiant心兴奋剂cardiogram : 心电图myocarditis : 心肌炎pericardium : 心包; 心包膜, 围心膜cephal/o-headcephalalgia头痛cephalitis 脑炎cephalocele :l 脑膨出cephalosporin :rin

4、 头孢菌素cerebr/o-braincerebrosclerosis脑硬化cerebrosclerosis 脑硬化cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的cerebrovascular (r) 脑血管的cheil/o-lipcheiloplasty唇成形术cheiloschisis 唇裂 (schizophrenia)cheilitis 唇炎cheir- handchiromancy 手相术cheiroplasty 手成形术, 手整形术cheiropodagra 手足痛风chir- handchiral 手(征)性的chirobrachialgia 手臂麻痛chirospasm 手痉挛chlor

5、/o-greenchlorosis萎黄病chloropia : 绿视症chondr/o-cartilagechondrification软骨化chondrodystrophia 软骨营养障碍chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤-chrome (Gr. krinein (to separate) to secrete endocrine Of or relating to endocrine glands or the hormones secreted by themcol (on)large intestinecolicin大肠杆菌素colon 结肠，大肠colitis大肠炎cost/or

6、ibcostectomy肋骨切除术costalgia 肋骨疼痛precostal : 在肋骨前的subcostal 肋下的sternocostal : 胸肋的; 胸骨锁骨的 crani/o-skullcraniectomy部分颅骨切除术craniotomy 颅骨切开术，穿颅术，破颅术pericranium 颅骨膜cyan/o-bluecyanosed发绀的, 绀色的acrocyanosis 手足发cyst-/obladder, gall bladdercystoscopy膀胱镜检查cystitis 膀胱炎cystotomy 膀胱切开术cystalgia (=cystodynia)膀胱痛cyst

7、olith 胆石; 膀胱结石cystocele :l 膀胱突出(症)dent- toothdentist牙医dental 牙齿的; 牙科(用)的dentistry 牙科医术; 牙(齿)科学; 牙医业dentiform : m 齿形的, 牙形的derm/o, dermatoskindermatology皮肤病学dermalaxia : 皮肤软化dermatitis :m 皮肤炎, 皮炎dermatopathy : 皮肤病encephal/obrainencephalocele脑膨出encephalitis 脑炎encephalomalacia 脑软化症myeloencephalitis 脑脊髓炎

8、enter/o-small intestineenterobactin肠菌素gastroenteritis 胃肠炎enterotoxin 肠毒素enterorrhagia 肠出血enterocele :l 肠疝enteropathy 肠道病enterostomy 肠造口术erythr- rederythroblast成红血球细胞, 有核红血球erythrocyte 红血细胞, 红血球erythrocytopenia : 红细胞减少; 红血球减少esophag-esophagus, gulletesophagoscope食管镜esophageal 食管的esophagectasis 食管扩张es

9、ophagocele :l 食管突出esophagogastrostomy 食管胃吻合术esophagotomy 食管切开术gastr/o-stomachgastrointestinal胃与肠的gastrohydrorrhea 胃液溢, 胃溢水gastrotomy 胃切开术, 胃造口术gastrolith 胃结石, 胃石glauc/o-gray, greenish grayglaucoma绿内障, 青光眼glaucous 淡灰蓝色的, 淡灰绿色的gloss- tongueglossectomy舌截除术hypoglossis 舌下, 舌下部glottiditis (=glossitis)舌炎ma

10、croglossia 巨舌gluc- sweet, sugarglucosuria糖尿glucose 葡萄糖dextroglucose (=dextrose)葡萄糖, 右旋糖glyc- sweetglycemia血糖过多glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosuria 糖尿病hypoglycemia 低血糖症, 血糖过少gnath- jawgnathitis颔炎gnathospasmus 颌痉挛, 牙关紧闭hepat/oliverhepatatrophy肝萎缩hepatitis 肝炎heparin 肝素hepatology 肝脏病学, 肝脏学hepatectomy 肝切除术hepatoce

11、le 肝脏脱出hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatomegaly i 肝肿大hepatopexy 肝固定术hepatoptosis 肝下垂hyster/outerushysterectomy子宫切除（术）hysteropexy 子宫固定术hysteroptosis 子宫下垂hysterorrhexis 子宫破裂hysteroscope 子宫镜iatr- treatmentiatric 医师的, 医药的,医疗的,药物的iatrogenic 由治疗引起的，医原性的leuk- whiteleukocyte白细胞leucocyte 白血球leucocytosis 白细胞增多lien/ospleenl

12、ienitis脾炎lienogastric 脾胃的lienopathia (=splenopathy)脾病lingu- tonguelinguiform舌状的sublingual 舌下(腺)的retrolingual 舌后的mamm/omast/obreastmammoplasty乳房成形术mastectomy 乳房切除手术mastotomy 乳房切开术mammogram 乳房X线照片melan/o-blackmelanin黑色素melanism 黑色素过多; 黑素沉着症melaena 黑粪症melanosis 黑变病, 黑素沉着病my/o- musclemyoatrophy肌萎缩amyoto

13、nia 肌弛缓; 肌罕张缺乏myocardium 心肌(层)dermatomyositis : 皮肌炎myel- bone marrowmyeloproliferative骨髓及外骨髓增殖的myel- spinal cordmyelopathy脊髓病myelosis 骨髓组织增生myelopoiesis :sis 骨髓组织生成myeloplegia : 脊髓麻痹; 脊髓瘫痪nas/onosenasogastric鼻饲的nasology 鼻(科)学nasopharyngitis 鼻咽炎rhino/onoserhinitis 鼻(粘膜)炎rhinorrhea (=rhinorrhoea) 鼻液溢r

14、hinology 鼻科学otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻喉科学negr/o-blacknegrophobe畏惧黑人的人negrophobe 畏惧黑人的人, 强烈厌恶黑人者nephr/o-kidneynephrogenic肾原性的,肾发生的nephritic 肾的; 肾病的nephrosis 肾(变)病nephritis 肾炎nephroid 肾形的nephridium (pl. -dia -diE)【解】肾, 肾管pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎nephropyelitis 肾盂肾炎glomerulonephritis 肾小球性肾炎neur/o-nerveneurocyte神

15、经细胞neurosis (pl. -ses-si:z) 神经(机能)病; 神经精神病neuroblast :st 成神经细胞neuralgia 神经痛ocul/o- eyeocular眼睛的, 视觉的oculomotor 眼球运动的; 动眼的monocular 单眼的odont- toothodontalgia齿痛, 牙痛periodontics (=periodontia)牙周病学orthodontics (=orthodontia)正牙学periodontium 牙周组织ophthalm- eyeophthalmologist眼科专家, 眼科医师ophthalmometer 检眼计, (眼

16、)屈光计ophthalmoscope 眼膜曲率镜, 检眼(屈光)镜ophthalmia,-mitis , 眼炎; 结膜炎opt- ops- eyeoptician眼镜商optic 眼的; 视力的; 视觉的or- mouthoral 口头的orth/o- straightorthodontia畸齿矫正(术)，正牙学orthodontics : 畸齿矫正(术), 正牙学orthometria 子宫复位术orthopaedic 整形外科的oste-boneosteoblast造骨细胞periosteum (pl. periosteums, -tea -) 骨膜periosteomedullitis

17、骨膜骨髓炎, 全骨炎osteopathy 疗骨术, 整骨术; 骨病osteology 骨学osteoclast :st 破骨细胞pedia-, pedo- (Gr. pais, paidos) childpediatrics the branch of medicine that deals with the care of infants and children and the treatment of their diseasepedophilia sexual attraction felt by an adult toward a child or childrenot- earot

18、osclerosis耳硬化症otoscope 耳镜otorrhea 耳漏(耳液溢)otology 耳科学otolaryngology 耳鼻喉科学oxy- sharpoxycephaly (acrocephaly)尖头(畸形)oxyesthesia : 感觉锐敏oxyopy 视觉锐敏oxyrhine 尖鼻的oxygenoxidant 含氧成分, 氧化剂oxydase 氧化酶oxidation 氧化ped- pes- footpedopathy脚病pedal 足的, 脚的; 脚踏的pedicure 脚病治疗ped(o)- childpediatrist儿科医师pediatrics : 小儿科ped

19、iatrician : 儿科医师pediatry : 小儿科pharyng/opharynxpharyngeal咽的pharyngoscope 咽窥器, 咽镜pharyngalgia 咽痛pharyngoplasty 咽成形术phleb/o- veinphlebogram静脉造影照片periphlebitis 静脉周炎phlebitis 静脉炎endophlebitis 静脉内膜炎pneum/olungpneumology肺病学pneumonia 肺炎pneumectomy 肺部分切除术pneumococcus :, :- 肺炎球菌pneumometer 肺量计pneumorrhagia :

20、肺出血pneumon/oairpneumocrania颅腔积气pneumatic 装有空气的； 可充空气的pneumothorax : 气胸pod- pus- footpodagra足痛风，痛风的podiatry 足病学; 足医术poli/o-gray, whitish graypoliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎polioencephalitis 脑灰质炎poliosis 白发症, 灰发症proct-rectum, anusproctitis直肠炎proctoscope 直肠镜, 肛门镜proctectomy 直肠切除术proctitis 直肠炎proctosigmoidectomy 直肠乙

21、状结肠切除术pseud/o- rect/orectumrectostenosis直肠狭窄rectitis 直肠炎rectocele :l 直肠脱出, 脱肛anorectum 肛门直肠(部)ren/o-kidneyreniform肾脏形的renography 肾X线照相术, 肾造影照片rennin :nin 肾素renculus (pl.-culi) 肾小叶rub(o)-redrubeosis(虹膜的)发红，潮红rubefy : 使(皮肤)发红bilirubin 胆红素rubicund 红润的; 带红色的splen/ospleensplenectomy脾切除术splenin : 脾素splenalgia 脾痛splenitis 脾脏炎splenocele :l 脾疝splenocyte : 脾细胞splenomegaly 脾脏肿大splenopexy : 脾固定术splenotomy 脾脏切开术stoma-staphyl/o- (Gr. staphyl (a bunch of grapes) uvula, sta