短暂性动词延续性动词和现在完成时

1、短暂性动词，连续性动词和此刻达成时连续性动词是指动作发生后还可以连续一段时间或许相当长的一段时间。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，连续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就马上结束。它不可以和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；在否认句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.短暂性动词的必定式不可以与表示一段时间的for或since或howlong等状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状

2、语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词howlong，inthepast+时间段，allthese+时间段，fromto（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。比方：.Ihavereceivedhisletterforthreedays（）Ihavereceivedhisletter.（）Howlongdidsheleave.（）Howlonghasshebeenaway()假如短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必定将短暂性动词改为连续性动词。现概括总结一下由非连续性动词到连续性动词的变换：arrivebeher

3、efinishbeovercatch(acold)have(abegin(start)beonputonwear或beoncold)diebedeadopenbeopengettoknowknowcomebackbebackclosebeclosedbegintostudystudyleavebeaway(from)joinbein/beamembercometoworkworkfallill(asleep)beofmovetoliveinill(asleep)gotoschoolbeastudentfinish/endbeovergetupbeupborrowkeepcometobeingo

4、outbeoutbuy/gethavesitdownbeseatedarrivebehere除了用上面的转变形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A.Itis或许Ithasbeen+时间+since（动词用过去式），B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。比方：ItsfivedayssinceIreceivedhisletter.Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他走开上海已经3天了。HeleftShanghaithreedaysago.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays/sincethreedaysagoI

5、tis/hasbeenthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.ThreedayshaspassedsinceheleftShanghai.几点注意事项:（1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的差异：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（此刻已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。常用第三人称作主语。前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不可以。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去

6、过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing他去北京了。注意比较hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的意义：HehasgonetoAmercia.（他到美国去了。他不在这里）HehasbeentoAmercia.（他去过美国。现已回来）HehasbeeninShanghai.（他在上海呆过。此刻不在上海）Hehasbeeninshanghaiforyears.（他在上海多年。此刻还在上海）（2）停止性动词此刻达成时的否认式，已变成一种可以连续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaventleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我向来没有走

7、开过这儿。其他，动词的连续性与非连续性还表此刻这两种句型中：连续性动词的必定式+till/until短暂性动词的否认式+till/until请看例句：Wewaiteduntilhecame.Ididntgotobeduntilmyfathercamebackhomelastnight.短暂性动词，连续性动词和此刻达成时练习句型变换：1.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同义句）Mr.Li_Englishinthisschoolsince1999.2.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句Thefactory_for

8、tenyears.3.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）Threeyears_John_Beijing.John_Beijing_threeyears.4.Hiscompanyopenedin2003.（同义句Hiscompany_since2003.5.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同义句Myfather_thecar_halfayear.6.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同义句We_eachother_about15years.7.Thefilmbegantenminutes

9、ago.（同义句Thefilm_fortenminutes.8.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同义句I_thisbookfortwoweeks.Myfathercamebackthedaybeforeyesterday.Myfatherhas_fortwodays.uncleboughtthenewcartwomonthsago.Myunclehas_thenewcar_twomonthsago.用havebeen和havegone填空。1.Motherisnthere.She_tothebarbers.2._youever_abroadbefore4.Toman

10、dMaryhavejustcomein.They_toaparty.5.TomandMaryarenthere.They_toaParty.6.Myfather_toNewYork.Heleftthismorning.12.Thestudents_tothecinematoseeafilmtoday.Nowtheyareback.Mr.andMrs.Smith_toLondonnow.They_theretwicealready.MissLi_never_toChinabefore.19.Where_you_Themeetinghasalreadybegun.20.Where_he_Icant

11、findhimanywhere.选择题1.Thebookshop_foreightyears.AhasbeenopenBhasbeenopenedChasopenedDhasopen2.I_theclubfor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebe

12、comemustnt_untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleftmeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught_ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I_homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned10.Howlong_he_A.diedB.h

13、as,diedC.has,beendead11.He_ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashadlong_you_ill-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been2000,he_hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfromlendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_itfor2days.A.borrowB.k

14、eepC.takebus_ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeenyou_thejacketthesedaysA.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on_foe2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashadHowlongcanI_thebook-Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep21.-How

15、long_you_thearmy-Foroneandahalfyears.A.did,joinB.have,beeninC.have,joinedD.will,join22.Oh,Mrs,King.Yourdresslooksnice.IsitnewNo,I_itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought23.Jackhas_foraweek.A.hadacoldBgotacoldC.caughtacold24.“Howlonghaveyou_there”“Aboutsixyears.”A.comeB.goneC.leftD.work

16、ed25.Ourworkshopsincetwoyearsago.A.wasopenB.openedC.hasbeenopenD.hasopened26.Mygrandpa_forhalfayear.A.hasbeendeadB.diedC.hasdiedD.wasdead27.-Whatanicebike!Howlongyou_it-Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had28.Hehas_thewatchforayear.AbuyBboughtChaveDhad29.I_thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.AborrowedBhaveborrowedCkeptDhavekept30.Herbrother_thePartysince1978.AjoinedBhasjoinedChasbeeninDwasin