杭州专版2022年中考英语第27讲动词及动词短语精讲本课件

1、 名 词考情分析预测动词及动词短语考点20212020201920182017实义动词词义辨析39、43、44、45、49题(完形填空)37、41、43、44、45、48、49题(完形填空)40、48题(完形填空)38、42、45题(完形填空)38、41、44、47题(完形填空)系动词与助动词51题(语法填空)动词短语37题(完形填空)39题(完形填空)46、49题(完形填空)44、46题(完形填空)42题(完形填空)情态动词用所给词的适当形式填空54题(语法填空)52、55、56题(语法填空)51、55、56题(语法填空)52、54、58题(语法填空)根据句意及首字母提示填词63、66、68

2、、69题(单词拼写)67、70题(单词拼写)61、66题(单词拼写)62、65、70题(单词拼写)62、63、65、66题(单词拼写) 分析近五年杭州中考真题可知，动词及动词短语每年必考，且占据试卷知识点比重最大。具体以考查实义动词词义辨析、动词短语辨析为主。 近五年实义动词词义辨析考点分布如下：动词及动词短语Aallow(2021.45)achieve(2019.40)Ccheer(2020.44)Ddiscover(2017.38)Hhappen(2018.45)Lleave(2021.44)lose(2021.39)Ppush(2020.49)punish(2021.49)Rrealiz

3、e(2020.41)refuse(2017.41)return(2017.44)Sserve(2021.43)suggest(2018.38)stop(2018.42)start(2019.48)see(2020.43)stand(2020.45)speed(2020.48)Wwin(2020.37)【中考要求】1. 记住常用动词的变化形式。2.正确使用常见的动词短语。3.正确使用常见的系动词、助动词和情态动词。动词及动词短语考点探究突破考点1：系动词系动词本身没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等。b

4、e(是；存在) look(看起来) seem(似乎)feel(感觉) appear(出现) smell(闻起来)taste(尝起来) sound(听起来)He is a good father.他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before.她看起来比以前年轻。I feel sorry to hear that.听到那我很难过。考点探究突破表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果。turn(转变) become(成为) get(得到) grow(增长) go(去) fall(跌落) come(来) prove(证明)Everyone will grow

5、old.每个人都会变老。After a few years，the things got worse and worse.几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变。keep(保持) remain(仍旧)stay(保持) continue(继续)The old man stayed calm.老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around.参观时要保持安静。考点探究突破考点2：助动词助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数的特性。此外，还可以用来构成否定、

6、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：助动词功能例句be现在进行时I am reading a book.我正在看一本书。 过去进行时I was cooking when my mum came back.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在做饭。 构成被动语态The book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 考点探究突破do构成疑问句、否定句Do you come from Japan？你来自日本吗？ 加强语气Do be careful！小心点！ 代替主要动词He could dance as well as he did before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。 构成否定祈使句Dont

7、 smoke here！不要在这里吸烟！ have构成完成时 I have been in Hong Kong for two days.我已经在香港待了两天。will/shall构成一般将来时：will/shallv.(would/shouldv.) He will go to America tomorrow.他明天将要去美国。1.The white scarf I bought yesterday is made of silk.It _so soft.2.My parents _ give me a present unless I pass the final exam.3.I do

8、nt like drinking coffee with much sugar，because it _ too sweet.4.I told a funny joke to Mark，but he _ quite serious.5.Listen！The birds _ singing in the tree.feelswont will，be，taste，feel，looktasteslooked are考点探究突破考点3：情态动词A)情态动词的构成与用法基本用法表推测的用法can表示能力，有“能”“会”“能够”的含义。如：Can you drive a car？征求许可，意为“可以”，多

9、用于口语中。(may，但没有may正式。)如：Can I use your bike？could是can的过去式，语气比can更加委婉。常考句型及回答：Can I.？Yes，you can./No，you cant.表疑问的推测，意为“也许”(20%80%的可能性)。如：Can it be true？表否定的推测，意为“不可能”(语气强烈)。如：Mr Green cant be at school.考点探究突破may表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。如：May I use your computer？might是may的过去式，表请求、许可时语气更加客气、委婉。常考句型及回答：May

10、 I.？Yes，you may/please./No，you cant/mustnt/had(d) better not.表示可能的推测，同can(20%80%的可能性)。如：You may be right.表示否定的推测，意为“可能不”，语气不确定。如：It may not be my pen.考点探究突破will表将来或现在的习惯。如：He will come this afternoon.表征求意见，用于第二人称，如：Will you help me？would是will的过去式。表征求意见，语气比will委婉。如：Would you mind my smoking here？表示推测

11、，用于第三人称。如：Somebody is coming upstairs.That will be Mary.must表示义务，意为“必须”。否定结构mustnt，表示“禁止”。如：You mustnt smoke here.常考句型及回答：Must I.？Yes，you must./No，you neednt/dont have to.只表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”(100%的可能性)。如：He must be ill.He looks pale.考点探究突破need作情态动词，意为“需要”。其否定式为：neednt“不必”。如：She need go there right now.还可

12、用作实义动词，意为“需要，必需”，常用：needn./to do sth.。如：She needs some food and fruit.We need to repair the road now.shall用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或建议。如：Shall we go out for lunch？常考句型及回答：Shall I/we.？Of course./Sounds great./Sorry，Im afraid I cant./Id love(like) to，but.考点探究突破should表示义务、责任，意为“应当”。如：You should pay for your taxe

13、s.用于各种人称，表示征求别人的意见或提出建议。如：You should finish your work first，Jim.had better意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化。Youd better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。had better not最好不要。You had better not smoke.Its bad for your health.你最好不要吸烟。它对你的健康有害。考点探究突破B)常考易混辨析1.can/could与be able tocan/could只能表示现在和过去的能力，be able to能用于各种时态。如：Sam ca

14、n speak English well.萨姆英语说得好。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year，but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。was/were able to表示“设法做成某事”，相当于manage to do sth.。如：I havent been able to get in touch with her.我还没能和她联系上。考点探究突破2.must与have tohave to 意为“不得不”，有人称和数的变化。它与must的区别是：have to多表示客观必要；must强调“内在的职责、义务”，强调人的主观看法；ha

15、ve to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别为：had to与shall/will have to；have to的否定式表示“不需要”，而mustnt则表示“禁止、不允许”。根据句意用适当的情态动词填空。6.Theres something wrong with my computer. Can you repair it？Im afraid I _. You can ask Mr. Chen for help.7.Oh dear！ My cellphone is missing！It _be lost. I saw you using it just now.8

16、.Excuse me， _ I take photos here？No， you cant. Look at the sign “No Photos”.cant cant may/can/could9.Mom， can I ride to my grandparents home？No， children under 12 _ride bicycles on the road.10.Listen！ Theres a knock on the door.It _be Lucy. She has called me to come to fetch the novel.mustnt must 考点

17、探究突破考点4：动词短语概念动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫动词短语。分类动词介词(后需加宾语)arrive in/at到达 ask for要求 begin with以开始 be from从来 be about大约 believe in相信 depend on依靠get to到达 look for寻找laugh at嘲笑 send for派人去请 wait for等待动词副词及物动词副词(后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间)。carry out执行 find out查明 hand in上交 look up查找 pick up捡起 ring up给打

18、电话set up建立think about 考虑不及物动词短语(后不加宾语)grow up成长 show off炫耀 set off/out出发 stand up起立 wake up醒来考点探究突破分类动词副词介词(后需加宾语)get on/along with与相处 catch up with赶上；跟上come up to走近look down upon/on看不起动词名词介词(后需加宾语)make fun of取笑 make use of利用make friends with和交朋友shake hands with和握手 pay attention to 注意考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳l

19、ooklook for寻找 look after照顾 look over查看look forward to盼望；向往 look at看着 look up抬头看；查(字典) look out当心look out of从往外看 look like看起来像look the same看起来一样look through透过看；浏览考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳putput off推迟put on穿上；上演；增加put away把收起来put out扑灭 put down写下 put back放回 put up举起；建造；张贴turnturn on打开 turn off关掉 turn up调高(音量)tur

20、n down调低(音量)；拒绝 turn to朝向 turn into变成 turn. into. 把变成考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳getget on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽)get up起床get on上车(船、飞机、马)get off下车(船、飞机、马) get back回去 get back to回到 get away离开；逃脱 get down下来get home到家 get into进入；陷入get out (of) (从)出去 get to到达 get together聚会考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳taketake off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)ta

21、ke away拿走 take out取出take pride in. 对感到自豪take up 开始；占据 take care of照料go go over温习；复习 go into走进 go out出去；熄灭 go away走开 go back回去；回顾 go by(时间)流逝；从旁经过 go down下降；下沉 go on继续 go through经历makemake a decision做决定 make sb.do sth.让某人做某事make a mistake犯错误 make progress取得进步make friends with与交朋友make up编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成

22、 make a face做鬼脸考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳comecome along出现；进展 come in进来 come into进入 come out出来；出版 come down下来 come from来自come back回来 come over过来give give off放出；发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)give out停止运转；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发 give away泄露；赠送考点探究突破常用动词短语归纳bebe popular with受欢迎 be strict with对某人严格be famous/known for因著名 be surprised at对惊讶

23、 be pleased with对满意 be polite/impolite to对有礼貌/不礼貌be thankful/grateful to对感激 be busy with忙于be full of/filled with装满；充满 be covered with用覆盖 be proud of 为感到骄傲 be ready to 准备做一、用方框内所给短语填空。 give away，look for，put away care about，get along with11.When we have problems in _ our parents， its necessary to put ourselves in their shoes.12.This year is Earth Days 53th birthday. It is created to remind people to _ the earth.13.Though Grandma Xia Sen lives a simple life， she has _ more than 2 million yuan to poor students.getting along withcare aboutgiven away 14.We are supposed to _ smartphones and t