专升本公共课剩下未分类英语语法语法

1、Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (2)it 当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 To see is to

2、 believe.Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 puzzling令人费解的-puzzled 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。Travelling is interesting but The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太The argument is very convincing.They were very excited at the news.be

3、gindeterminemanage agree love failplanacknowledge承认，admit dislikeadvocateappreciate avoidenjoydelayescape de ny 否认consider fancy 幻想，爱好 mind 介意 miss错过 finish完成，结束不得 resist抵imaginepostponepractise suggestpreventkeepquitloatherecall例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two y

4、ears forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生stop to do 停止、中断(某件事)stop doing remember to do 记住去做某事(未做remember doing记得做过某事(已做regret to do regret doingtry to dotry doingmean to do打算，有意要 mean doing 意味着副标题need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Dont you remember seeing the man b

5、efore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?You must remember to leave tomorrow.I regret to have to do thisbut I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没You must try to be more careful.Lets try doing the work some other way.The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。Th

6、e book writen by professor Smith is very popular in China now. 由史密斯教授写I have find my watch Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for Given more attention, the trees could have grown 疑问词who，what，which，when，wherehow后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) I dont know w

7、hat to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语(2)tofeel observe overhear watchlisten tope rceive 察觉，感知 notice 注意 see 看见 look at 看 hear 听On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and we

8、nt on t he rescue.make, let，haveLet him do it.I would have you know that I am ill.He was seen to come. The boy was made to go to bed 在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没 The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.There was nothing

9、 for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+d oing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.It is a great fun playing football.It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive 等形容词)+ doing It is useless

10、 speaking.It is nice seeing you again.It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。eg. All the birds can not Not all the birds can fly. eg. All the birds can not fly. None of the birds can fly. 代词或副词如all, both,every,everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等not 搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是等。e

11、g. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。= Not all is gold that not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, nevereg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. eg. W: Daddy, I ve decided to give up science and go to business M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your

12、 own way, but I should warn you tha t not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies

13、 in The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her 在阅读当中出现的频率更高一些。在一个句子中出现两个否定词：not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little, none 等，双重否定表示肯定的概念。eg. No one can command others who cannot command A perpson can command others who command himself. eg. Without the ability

14、to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ide as of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy.eg. A man can never have too many ties. A woman can never have too many dresses. eg. We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 对他的成就我们无论怎样赞扬也eg. A mother can never be

15、patient enough with her child. 一个母亲对她的孩子再怎A teacher can never be strict enough with his students. 一个老师对他的学生再怎么eg：Igot up Iwaslate forBecauseIgotuplateIwaslateforschool. （原因状语从句Igotuplate，soIwaslateforschool. （结果状语从句wherewherever，everywhere eg：WhereIlivethereareplentyofWherever you work, you will gai

16、n much valuable experience as long as you are willing to Wherever=nomatterEverywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyreceived. Where there is a will, there is a way.eg:Whereyouareconfident，youwilleg：Where previously the bank had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects , such as dams,roadsand bridges，i

17、t begin to switchto projects which directly improvedthe basic services of a country. concentrated on ：集中于；as（not) eg：Light travels fast than sound.eg：Thesooner，theeg：Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhile theirbrothersaresenttoschooltheprophecy（预言becomesselffulfilli

18、ng,trappingwomenin a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.当的时候：whilewhen,as eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.eg：Myfatheriscookingwhilemymotherisreadingnewspaper. eg：Astimewentby,thedaysbecamelongerand一就：assoonasdirectly，immediatelyinstantly连接两个theminute，the moment, the instant也可表示；no soone

19、r than, hardly when 后面的句子需要倒装；eg：Iwillwritetoyouthemoment/minuteIarrivedin特殊单词：bythetimethatevery/eachtime（eg:IsleptuntilWaittillIcallShedidntarriveuntil6Untiltilleg:Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhateg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep stateslight sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid

20、 eye movement) sleepthat repeats approximately every 90 minutes.例1 the more expensive the camera，the better its A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally generally considering(一般认为)judging from(根据判断)例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ，neither of th

21、em could A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately 3 Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard， ， you failed.A.in the end B.after C.in other words D.at the same 小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion(总之)，in a word(简而言之)，in sh ort(简而言之)，in general(一般说来)，in a sense(在某种意义上)，in my view(在我看

22、来)，i n his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事实上)，at first(首先)in addition(此外)，of cours e(当然)，to my surprise(使我惊奇的)，to her regret(使她遗憾的)，for example(例如)等。例4 It is so nice to hear from ，we last met more than thirty years A.Whats more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or 小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这

23、类简短的句子有：I a m sure(我可以肯定地说)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道吗)，you see(你明白)，I m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(据说)，I suppose(我想)，whats more(而且)，whats worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是说)，what is important(重要的是)等。例5 with you，I have no money to spare.A.To be frank B.Whats C.In addition 小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure(无疑地)，to

24、sum up(概括地说)，to t ell the truth(老实说)等。例6 ，he should have done such a A.Speaking general B.Strange to C.Luckily D.Of 小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to say (不用说)，most important of all(最为重要)，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更好)等。Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a sin

25、gle earned university degre e, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite a cademic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acqui red an aura (光环) of future riches and p

26、ower far beyond its actual importance and useful Opinion surveys in the worlds two largest economiesJapan and the United States show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.长难句分实例练eg.Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research c

27、enter focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan U niversity in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.(0712 阅读)eg. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men n Australia , youll die on average five years before a woman.(0812 阅读假定你有

28、幸活到生命的自然尽头-78岁-你平均也要比女eg. When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we hav e learnd from our past, from the media , peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize t hat some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. (0906 阅读) eg. Coinci

29、dent with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has b een a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of specie s in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.是appreciatio- n，其次，要弄清楚to the 是与前面的名词importance 构成呼应，即t

30、he importance of . to the health., 即“康的重要意义。”the num -ber of species in a particular ecosystem 的作用是biological diversity 这个概念。 eg：China is no longer what she used to The question is who is responsible for what has , as if, as though, because thatThe fact is that he doesnt really try. The trouble is t

31、hat I have lost his address. My suggestion is that we should tell him. His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 由whetherThe question is whether the film is worth seeing. 【注意】whether ifYou are not who I thought you were. The pr

32、oblem is who we can get to replace her. The question is who (m) we should trust. What I want to know is which road we should take. The problem is how we can find him. That was when I was fifteen. 15 岁时发生的事。 Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。Thats why I o

33、bject to the plan. Thats where you are wrong. 由关系代词型whatThats what I want to stress. Thats what we are here for. Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. He is no longer what he was. 由as if / as thoughIt isnt as if you were going away for ever. Now it was as though she had known Millie for years

34、. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好It is not as though we were poor. becauseIt is because I love you too much. Thats because you cant appreciate music. If Im a bit sleepy, its because I was upall night. Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课【注意】because since, as, forthatthat 通常不省略，但在口语

35、或非正式文体中有时也可省略： My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。 The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了全部倒装和部分倒装: 如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面:Here are some registered letters for you. In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词, be等)语前面

36、, 其余部分仍在主语后面Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his I couldnt answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious neithernor, so等开始的句子: so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子 (否定句), b

37、e 置于主语前.“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didnt drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary. “I wont do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, so开头, 语序也不要颠倒“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “Tomorrow wi

38、ll be Monday.” “So it will.”never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装No longer are they staying with No sooner had he arrived there than he fell Under no circumstances could I agree to such a 表示位置或方向的副词提前, go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:There was a sudden gust of wind

39、and away went his hat. The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus! Now comes your turn.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序There comes your here引起, be 的句子, 也要倒装Here is Chinas largest tropical forest. Here are some picture-books.如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序Here we are. This is the new railway station. “Give me som

40、e paper.” “Here you are.”介词短语: On the other side was northern Near the southern end of the village was a large pear 形容词: Very important in the farmers life is the radio weather report. Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.副词: Below is a Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy

41、分词: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an 6) only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句构成, 装Only yesterday did he find out t

42、hat his watch was missing. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for Not only did the garage overcharge me, but

43、 they hadnt done a very good repair job 1Hardlywhen等经常考查的 incase, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句。注意：while, when, until, notu ntil, before, since 引导的时间状语从句。同时关注：目的和结果状语从句。Before I went ，all the partcipants in the scheme were given a short list of words th at are in commom use in the UK which Americans would eith

44、er be confused by or woul d even offend them。再如：Working for President Ronald Reagan，MrBush was a silent and subservient vice president，a former rival who gave himself the task of proving his loyaltyby staying in the background and never speaking out when his beliefs differed from those of his boss。另

45、外“gave himself the task of proving his loyalty”如果直译为“给了自己在后台工作absent from不在,缺席 abundant inalien to 与.相反 angry with sb at/about sth 生气,愤怒 anxious about/for忧虑,appropriate for/to适当,合适 applicable to 适用于 apt at 聪明,善于apt toashamed of 羞愧,approximate to近拟,aware ofapplicable to sb for sth可用,bare of 几乎没有,boun

46、d for开往. capable ofcareful of/about/with;小心,certain of /about确信,about/in doing characteristic of特有,clear of没有,clever atclose to接近,comparable to/withconscious of 察觉到,意识到 consequent on 随之而来 considerate towards体谅,contemporary with与.同时代 content with 满足于 contrary to 违反counter to与.crazy about热衷,critical o

47、f 挑剔,批评 curious about 好奇,想知道 distinct from种类(风格)doubtful of /about怀疑 east of 在.东面 equal to 相等,胜任equivalent to等于,essential to/forexpert at/in/onfaithful tofamiliar to sb为.familiar with sth熟悉,fatal tofavourable to支持,赞成 favourable forfearful of惧怕 fit for 适于 foreign to 非.所原有fond of free of /from未受.;free

48、 with康慨,guilty of有.hungry for ignorant ofimpatient at sth.impatient ofwith sb independent of 不受.impatient for急切,indifferent to无兴趣,不关心 indignant with sb.愤慨 inferior to 级别低于,不如 ab/about sth innocent of 无.罪,无辜intent oninvisible toj ealous of keep on爱好,liable for对.liable toloyal tomad at/with sb.生气,mad

49、with因.next to下一个,necessary to /for opposite toopen to 不限制,开放的 particular about 挑剔,讲究 arallel to与.平等,peculiar to独特的,独有的 atient with 有耐心 prior to 在.之前opular with受.喜爱,representative of代表.relative to与.rich inresponsible for负责,是.sensitive to对.sensible ofsick of厌恶,厌倦 short of 缺少 skilled at /in 善于 similar to 相似 sufficient for 足够的subject to受制于,sup