【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件

1、【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件核医学 考察课 理论考核 70% 课间实习考核 30% 全部用英文核医学核医学 诊治 教学 科研核医学 诊治 教学 核医学 Nuclear Medicine 核医学核医学核医学 是一门利用放射性核素发射的核射线对疾病进行诊断、治疗和研究的学科。核医学 Nuclear medicine is a subject of diagnosing, treating and researching the disease using the emission of the radionuclide, including basic nuclear medicine, ex

2、perimental nuclear medicine and clinical nuclear medicine. Nuclear medicine is a sub基础核医学实验核医学临床核医学基础核医学 核医学 诊断 治疗 研究体外方法 体内方法 体内方法 体外方法(in vitro) (in vivo) (in vitro) (in vivo) 显像检查法 非显像检查法 核医学 - + Alpha decay Beta decay Electron capture Gamma decay Alpha decay XrX胰腺检查辐射照射剂量SPECT显像第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为 0.

3、4-1.2 mSvCT扫描第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为 3.5-3.7 mSv胰腺检查辐射照射剂量现代影像PETCTMRIU-soundECT现代影像PETCTECT显像检查法 以脏器内、外或脏器与病变间的放射性浓度差别为基础的脏器或病变显像方法 显像剂（imaging agents) 用于脏器或病变显像的放射性核素或放射性标记物 显像检查法原理细胞选择性摄取(selective uptake of cell) 特殊需要物质 131I 代谢产物和异物 131IOIH 特殊价态物质 201Tl化学吸附(chemical absorption) 99Tcm-MDP原理微血管栓塞(micro-vas

4、cular embolism) 99Tcm-MAA特异性结合(specific combination) McAb GSA通道、灌注和生物区分布(path, perfusion, biological distribution) 99TcmO- 99Tcm-PYP-RBC 微血管栓塞(micro-vascular embolism) 显像的方式和种类 静态显像 动态显像 (static imaging) （dynamic imaging) 显像的方式和种类 显像的方式和种类 局部显像 全身显像 (regional imaging) (whole-body imaging)【大学】核医学科总论(

5、双语)课件 显像的方式和种类 平面显像 断层显像 (planar imaging) (tomography)【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件 早期显像(early imaging) 延迟显像(delayed imaging)【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件 阳性显像(positive imaging) 阴性显像(negative imaging)【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件静息显像(rest imaging)负荷显像(loaded imaging)【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件融 合 显 像 (fusion imaging )融 合 显 像Anatomy

6、MetabolismAnatomy Met【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件非显像检查法 记录时间放射性曲线 (time-activity curve) 摄131I试验 ( test of 131I uptake) 肾图 (renogram)非显像检查法放射配体结合分析法 放射免疫分析法（radioimmunoassay, RIA）放射配体结合分析法核素(nuclide)同位素(isotope)同质异能素(isomer)放射性核素(radioactive nuclide)放射性核衰变(nuclear decay) 、衰变核素(nuclide)Nuclide A nuclide is charac

7、terized by its atomic number Z, and mass number A, and a certain energy state.NuclideIsotope An isotope may be defined as one of two or more forms of the same element having the same atomic number (Z), differing mass numbers (A), and the same chemical properties. These different forms of an element

8、may be stable or unstable. For example, 1H, 2H, 3H are three isotopes of hydrogen. Isotope Isomer An isomer is one of two or more nuclides that have the same mass number and atomic number as the others but different energy state. Isomer核衰变规律 N=N0e-t A=A0e-t (decay constant)核衰变规律Decay Some nuclides a

9、re unstable and gain stability by emitting particles or photons or both. These unstable nuclides are called radionuclides, and the process of emitting particles or photons or both is called radioactive disintegration, or decay. This nuclear instability is mostly due to an unfavorable proton-to-neutr

10、on ratio or to nuclear particle arrangements. Decay放射性活度(radioactivity) 一定量的放射性核素在一个极短的时间间隔内的核衰变率放射性活度单位 贝可(Becquerel, Bq) 1Bq1次核衰变/秒 1mCi=3.7107Bq=37MBq放射性活度(radioactivity)Radioactivity radioactivity is the number of disintegrations per unit of time, and decreases with time. A=dN/dT=NRadioactivity

11、Where N is the number of the radioactive nuclide, while is the decay constant. The decay constant is the fraction of the radionuclides that decay per unit time. The basic conventional unit of radioactivity is the curie(Ci), which is 3.71010 dps (decay per second). Smaller units are millicurie(mCi) (

12、10-3), microcurie (10-6). In the System Internationale (SI) system of measurement the basic unit of radioactivity is the becquerel (Bq), which is 1 dps. Thus, 1 Ci equals 3.71010 Bq. Where N is the number of t半衰期(half life) 物理半衰期(Tp) 生物半衰期(Tb) 有效半衰期(Te) (Tp Tb)/(Tp+Tb)半衰期(half life)Half-life The oth

13、er important aspect of radioactive decay is the half-life (t1/2), which is defined as the time required for one-half of the atoms in a group of radioactive atoms to decay. Obviously, then, the recorded activity of a given amount of isotope will fall by half in one half-life. It is also called physic

14、al half-life(T1/2). Half-life The time required for a radionuclide in biological body to one half of the original activity by excretion is called biological half-life(Tb). The time required for a radionuclide to one half of the original activity due to the common effect of physical decay and biologi

15、cal excretion is called effective half-life(Te). The time required for a rTe=T1/2Tb/ (T1/2+Tb)Te=T1/2Tb/ (T1/2+Tb)放射性药物(radiopharmaceuticals) 是指药物的本身含有放射性核素，用于人体疾病的诊断与治疗的特殊药物。放射性药物(radiopharmaceuticals)临床常用放射性核素 99mTc 131I 201Tl 18F放射性化合物 99mTc-ECD 99mTc-DTPA 99mTc-MIBI 99mTc-EHIDA【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件核医

16、学仪器 脏器功能检测仪器 肾图仪 甲状腺功能仪脏器显像仪器 r-照相机(r-camera) SPECT(single photon emission computed tomography) PET(positron emission tomography) 核医学仪器 射线-光光-电电子线路数字曲线图像r射线-光光-电电子线路r【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件【大学】核医学科总论(双语)课件翘竬碚饎蠤筧

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