母猪配种及妊娠

1、母猪配种及妊娠配种及妊娠期主要学习内容选择品种选拔后备母猪淘汰的原因完整的记录健康饲养及疾病管理配种方法及训练饲养方法猪舍设备PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 充分利用饲养设备，降低折旧费 母猪与种公猪死亡率在2%以内 母猪分娩率在85%以上 应有详细的母猪饲养管理记录农场基本管理目标PURINA and the Checkerboard design are li

2、censed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 增加母猪窝产仔数增加仔猪生长速度 提高仔猪初生重 降低分娩到断奶期间的死亡率 提高仔猪断奶体重选拔与淘汰目的PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.特征 杜洛克 汉普夏 长白猪 约克夏受孕率

3、110 118 100 100窝产仔数 87 83 91 100断奶头数 80 76 103 100平均日增重 104 98 95 100达100kg日龄 103 97 99 100饲料效率 97 95 94 100背膘 88 108 86 100#纯种约克夏猪能力为100时其他品种的纯种能力指数比较品种间的遗传特征PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.改善增重速度背膘厚

4、度饲料效率淘汰率种公猪健康标准： 是否有抵抗特定疾病的能力 易与现存的猪群融在一起选拔优良种公猪的目的PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.性成熟早配种能力突出（母猪的受孕率）旺盛的精力睾丸能生产大量的精子结实的腿杂交公猪的优势PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purin

5、a PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 繁殖猪受遗传和环境的影响 严格的选拔和有效杂交能提高猪群的 遗传潜力 种公猪的选拔可以完成饲养户的目标 杂交优势极大化种公猪选拔PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 通过杂交优势能改善的问题 增加窝产仔数 快速生长率 提高初生重 分娩后到断奶降低仔猪死

6、亡率 提高断奶重种公猪选拔PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.到达立即隔离（60天）与现存猪舍30m以外供应缓和应激的饲料 注射抗生素到第1天 换育成期饲料 逐渐换料 完善疾病预防程序到第10天后预防接种猪瘟和猪丹毒间隔5天以上时间到第15天后检查伪狂犬清除外部寄生虫效果不佳反复清除到第30天后与现存猪交换粪便换成种公猪的饲料第2次驱虫到第45天后种公猪购入程序PURI

7、NA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 防止繁殖猪群感染新疾病 为检查新种公猪赢得时间 为更好地观察新种公猪是否有疾病 为新种公猪和现存繁殖猪形成抗体 赢得时间隔离60天原因种公猪的购入程序PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargi

8、ll.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.周转率受胎率配种能力近亲繁殖年龄/体重恶习和疾病 （瘸、腿僵硬、脓、膝盖浮肿）种公猪的淘汰PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.品种是杂交的后备母猪日增重高,饲料效率好的母猪猪群中生长速度快,脂肪薄的母猪健康的母猪(脚,腿)乳头必须12个以上,乳头间隔均匀合理的母猪生殖器发育健全的母猪选拔后备母猪的要

9、求PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.不过肥骨骼大, 结实体高,体长,背宽肩甲清秀, 脂肪沉积少臀平, 尾根向上蹄腕弹性好双趾大小一致尾粗, 后臀宽四肢柔软有弹性且强健生殖系统发育良好, 外阴部正常乳头6对以上排列整齐, 无瞎乳头体重90kg筛选时外貌鉴定PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark

10、of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.刚到达 与现猪群猪舍隔离距离至少30m以上 隔离时间为60天 每头后备母猪的隔离舍面积为0.5m2 通风要好、干燥、有大小适当的饲料桶、饮水器、休息地方 到达10天内饲喂缓和应激的饲料到达10天后 换成生长用饲料 每头每日饲喂2.32.7kg，换料时间需要45天后备母猪购入程序PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Comp

11、any Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.到达15天后 预防猪瘟、猪丹毒疫苗到达30天后 检查伪狂犬 清除外部寄生虫到达45天后 开始进行并入现存猪舍 与现存猪群交换粪尿撒在对方猪圈中 受孕猪不能并入现在的猪舍中 逐渐换成短期优饲饲料（每日增加1kg）到达60天后 60天后一切正常并入现存猪舍中 作好标记 作好记录后备母猪购入程序PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporate

12、d.All Rights Reserved. 身体缺陷 恶习 窝产仔数少 缺乏母性后备母猪的淘汰PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.为了配种,对种公猪7个半月开始进行刺激引起对母猪的兴趣,4-5天时间跟经产母猪 后备母猪接触训练配种第一次配种很重要(好的经验)体重达到125公斤以上进行配种配种准备种公猪的准备PURINA and the Checkerboard des

13、ign are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.初产母猪配种准备 从体重80kg到配种前10天饲喂后备母猪饲料：#2918 制定并入繁殖猪群的计划 清除外部寄生虫 配种23周前清除内部寄生虫（内外驱虫间隔15天以上） 配种1014天前饲喂高能量饲料，提高母猪的排卵 初产猪配种是7.58月龄体重达到110公斤以上配种准备PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Ne

14、stle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 把公猪放到母猪旁边的猪舍里 使用面积扩大或减少 移动到新的环境中 合并或重新分群 通过拖车的运输震动刺激母猪 接触结扎过的种公猪催情技术配种准备PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.调整水和饲料重新组群或饲养在别的猪舍把与母猪关系密切

15、的种公猪换成其他强有力的种公猪移动到经产母猪舍诱导发情的技术配种准备PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.与发情中的后备母猪合并在一起来观察种公猪的行为和配种欲望根据情况要帮助种公猪完成第1次和第2次配种观察种公猪与后备母猪的配种，从解剖学角度检查是否正常，如腿是否瘸或发育是否完全，生殖器是否正常确认配种后的后备母猪是否受孕配种训练方法配种准备PURINA and the

16、 Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.维护健康和促进发情经产猪要接种预防猪瘟和其他疾病的疫苗必须清除经产猪外部寄生虫清除经产猪的内部寄生虫（驱虫间隔15天）要给第一次发情而没能配种的经产猪实施短期优饲经产猪的准备配种准备PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company

17、Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.配种方法 自然交配 人工受精自然交配需注意事项 避免过度使用种公猪 减少使用受胎率低的种公猪 配种场所的地板踩塌性要好 配种时要考虑猪的体型大小和年龄配种PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.自然交配 发情的猪一个一个与种公猪配种的方法叫自然交配配种 保障准确的记录 易发现配种时出现的问题，

18、并调整 配种后立即隔离母猪和种公猪，有效地减少胎儿死亡率 准确掌握配种的时间，立即停止短期优饲 对发情母猪保证2次以上配种 自然交配的优点 PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.人工受精 人工受精的优点配种 优良公猪精液使用到更多的母猪 避免购入的种公猪发生问题 将优良的遗传性引入到猪群中使用的公猪数量少PURINA and the Checkerboard design

19、 are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.配种时间母猪发情前1-2天开始外阴部肿胀，配种时逐渐消失 经产猪发情开始18个小时后一次配种，12小时以后2次配种发情发现时间一次配种二次配种当天上午当天下午第二天早上当天下午第二天上午第二天下午后备母猪发情开始后，14小时一次配种，8小时以后二次配种PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina P

20、etCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.多次配种效果 1次配种 2次配种 差异 分娩率 85.1 87.2 +2.1 产仔数 9.8 11.7 +1.9 1头使用 2头使用 差异 分娩率 76.6 83.2 +9.0 2头公猪配2次1头公猪配2次PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.配种集体配种 3

21、12 40 成熟种公猪未成熟种公猪 2 8 25个体配种 2 6 20 成熟种公猪未成熟种公猪 1 4 12日 周 月种公猪的配种利用率PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.猪舍内温度超过27度 - 精液量减 少 - 精液质量下降 - 高温应激持续2-6周防止高温应激 - 选择当天最凉爽时配种 - 利用降温设备种公猪的高温应激PURINA and the Checkerb

22、oard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.提高排卵率的方法选拔生产性能高的母猪必须饲喂后备母猪饲料：2918避免后备母猪过肥，让肌肉和骨骼发达公母猪分离饲养公猪最初试配时期：240日龄哺乳中体重损失最小减少应激保持适当温度初产母猪哺乳头数控制在9头以下，哺乳中自由采食高营养饲料采取增量饲喂照明管理（350LUX16小时）PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed tra

23、demark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.配种时管理核心再次发情/断奶后-配种前；安静的环境准确掌握配种时间,及时配种配种前饲喂高能量饲料(2818) - 提高排卵率 - 增加产仔数 一次配种后立即减少饲喂量 提高受精卵生存率PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Rese

24、rved.增量饲喂对照增量饲喂1天增量饲喂14天平均排卵数妊娠28日时生存胎儿数13.711.214.8（+1.1）11.9（+0.7）15.4（+1.7）13.0（+1.8）哺乳中体组织损失越大时 .胎次越低时 ，后备母猪比经产母猪更明显 不良的饲养环境中效果更明显 . 后备母猪配种前14天开始增量饲喂 PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.减少应激 - 提供安静的环境

25、配种-分娩:胎儿死亡40%妊娠初期:25日内胎儿消失23% 原因:采食量过多引起过肥,高温,其它应激配种后18-24日检验是否再发情配种后立刻限量饲喂防止过肥现象妊娠初期（胎儿着床期）PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.饲料嗫取量(KG)4.12.51.25胎儿生存率(1-10日)66.072.178.4胎儿生存率(10-20日)67.372.071.9妊娠前期(120

26、日)饲喂量和胎儿的死亡率之间的关系PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.从排卵到着床卵子损失排卵数20受精数17着床数14妊娠哺乳期母猪的饲料摄入量对胎儿生存的影响 哺乳期间饲料摄入量（KG/天） 6.0 妊娠期间饲料摄入量（KG/天） 3.5 1.8 母猪数 28 28 胎儿生存率（%） 80.5 84.6 PURINA and the Checkerboard des

27、ign are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠初期（015天）高温对繁殖能力的影响温度 35度 23.3 度 生存率（%） 64.2 82.8产仔数（头） 9.4 12.6PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.31

28、-75日:体重调节期75-95日:乳腺细胞发育期配种30-45日可以用超声波妊娠诊断仪有效地检测妊娠情况妊娠中期PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠期间母猪的过肥问题1. 出现分娩障碍(难产)2. 降低出生重与均匀度3. 降低产奶量,乳质下降 “禁止过肥”PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademar

29、k of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠猪体型管理 维持母猪的繁殖性能 维持母猪的体况 维持皮下脂肪判断母猪的 体脂肪 沉积状态母猪繁殖的能量源 P.S.Y + 2 头 经济寿命 + 1产PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.母猪的体型管理体型分数评判标准体

30、型分数12345髋骨突起位置肉眼轻易可见触摸到肉眼可见可触摸到用手按压可触摸到用手按压也难触摸到根本摸不到母猪的脊椎骨突起严重肉眼可见突起有轮廓用手可触摸到用手按压可触摸到用手按压也难触摸到脂肪过多无法触摸到背膘厚度（P2，mm)14以下15182125以上PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.膘情与饲喂量* 3-4周实施调整PURINA and the Checkerb

31、oard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.母猪产次数与体重增加目标体重增加目标 背脂肪目标（P2位置) 产次数与体重（KG） 产仔次数与背脂肪（mm)1 产 +20 1 产 162 产+15 2 产 153 产+10 3 产 14 4 产+5 4 产 13 大 象 ？PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina Pet

32、Care Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠末期管理目标健康均匀的一窝仔猪促进胎儿生长(胎儿的2/3增重)利用沉积在胎儿肝与肌肉中的免疫球蛋白增加生存率子宫膜/泌乳器官发达 母猪的体成长(初产)提高出生重,提高断奶重 PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠末期增量饲喂经产母猪：分娩前4周开始初产母猪：

33、分娩前3周开始1. 一窝仔猪要健康.均匀2. 促进胎儿成长（70%胎儿成长）3. 增加胎儿生存率4. 子宫膜/泌乳器官发达5. 母猪的体成长（初产）6. 提高出生窝重,提高断奶窝重PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.出生体重的影响1. 仔猪死亡率2. 断奶时体重3. 出栏体重4. 窒息死亡和难产（胎儿很大的情况）决定性影响1. 平均1.5千克2. 一窝总体重非常重要3.

34、 均匀度比体重更重要PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.出生体重与存活率的关系PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.出生体重均匀度与存活率的关系

35、该变异系数表示一窝仔猪中出生重的差异程度PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠末期做分娩准备:疫苗的接种 妊娠104天驱虫初产猪分娩前3周,经产猪分娩前4周增加食喂(提高小猪出生重,增加小猪活力,分娩前21日内生长出生重的70%)妊娠末期受高温应激增加死胎分娩前首先把母猪清洗干净，消毒有必要时消灭猪虱妊娠109日移到干净的分娩舍分娩前5日开始减量食喂PURINA an

36、d the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved. 配种后到分娩时有40%以上的胎儿会死亡 妊娠初期25天会死亡23%，这时期属受精卵着床期 妊娠3590天形成木乃伊，木乃伊是为了保护胎盘 和粘膜，实质组织浓缩时产生 死胎是妊娠90天后产生，胎儿死亡时发生胎儿死亡时期及因素PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nest

37、le Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.ABCD子宫分娩顺序胎儿营养吸收顺序分娩第几个仔猪劣胎?胎儿在子宫里发育机理 PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Cargill.Incorporated.All Rights Reserved.妊娠日龄与胎儿的生长PURINA and the Checkerboard design are licensed trademark of Nestle Purina PetCare Company Car