SAP财务模块紧要概述

1、ClearingChapter 8review什么是叫叫清账？会计清账账主要有有哪些方方法？1.Clearing OpenItems2.Incoming andOutgoingPayment3.Payment Differences4.ExchangeRate DifferencesKnowledgepointClearingOpen ItemsDocumentswithopen items cannotbearchivedandstayinthesystem until allopen items arecleared.Ways of ClearingPost withclearing(账户

2、间清清账)1)可以全部部清账,也可以部部分清帐帐(报表中不不能看,凭证中可以看看.清掉原invoice,再生成一一张凭证证)2)可以同时时在不同同的科目目,账户类别别,任何币种种间进行行清账。account clearing(同一个账账户内清清账)1)用于手工工清anopen invoicewitha relatedcreditmemo andpayment on account/重复记账账。2)基于G/Laccount和sublegers上的清账账。3)清账不产产生line items.Customerline itemlistWhen clearing,itresultinaclearin

3、gdocumentPost withclearing有line item显示Account clearing没有line item显示Assignment field:combinationofupto4 fieldswith amaximumof18charactersort key:检索码,可对应PO,COC等设置两种方式式均可用用手工清清账和自自动清账账的方法法手工清账账自动清账账条件：1)openitembasis2)accounts to be clear mustbedefinedItemsnotcleared：1)noted items2)statiscalposting,dow

4、n payment, billsofexchange3)items withwithholdingtax entry(预提税款)用途:用系统做做银行对对账,未达账项项就要用用自动清清账,其assignment就是”聚号”清账方法法IncomingandOutgoingPaymentsCustomersgenerally payoutstandinginvoicesandfrequentlytake advantageofcash discounts.And an “incomingpayment”,typicallyusedinAccountsReceivable,clearsanopende

5、bitamount. An “outgoingpayment”,typicallyusedinAccountsPayable,clearsanopencreditamount.TheManual PaymentProcessData is enteredinthedocumentheaderDocumentHeader：-PaymentHeader-BankData-Openitem selectionOpen itemare selectedtobecleared.Thetransactionissimulated andsaved.DocumentHeader: OpenItemSelec

6、tionProcess OpenItemsAutomaticPostingWhen Clearing OpenItemsAccount is G/Laccount usedfor incoming andoutgoingpaymentResettingClearedItems清账和和统计性性科目不不能直接接reversal,要先reset,才能reversal.reset时,clearingdataisremoved fromthe items at first,才能等待待reversal.Payment Differences过账时定定义的可可容忍误误差的范范围(清账时产产生差额额时使用用)

7、类型1)users(employee)MasterRecords2)G/Laccount MasterRecords3)Customer/Vendormasterrecords步骤1)definetolerancegroup2)bygroupkey(4位字母),companycode,acurrencycode3)assignto3 kinds1)Controlthe automaticposting of “cash discount adjustmentand“unauthorized customer deductions”-withintolerance2)Manually Proce

8、ss-OutsidetoleranceToleranceGroup清账时产产生差额额(1)差额小(within tolerance)-immaterial(非实质性性)如果公司司不用tolerancegroup,就要定义义一个key”_”(Blank)空格,以表示最最小容忍忍误差.自动过账账adjustcashdiscountuptocertain amountsorwriteitofftoaspecial account(2)差额大-(outsidetolerance)materially Approach1:Partial payment清时Dr.Bank:5000OI:8000Cr.AR

9、50005000-OI：8000Both items remainontheaccount,要清完才才能转到到下面(余额)去,再清20005000-2000-*不要手输输,右边有个个小空白白,双击小空空白(stillOZ),否则容易易算错,系统会自自动进行行计算.Approach2:ResidualPayment清时Dr.Bank:5000OI:3000*AR30008000Cr.AR80008000-*item上剩余显显示3000表示只有有3000的AR3*8000就当已经经清过了了原AR消失,产生新AR3000只有清一一笔,原有的就就立即转转下来,剩下未清清的。总结:A PartialPa

10、ymentresults in theopen invoiceand theincomingpayment remaininginthecustomeraccountasopen itemsA Residual Paymentcleans theinvoice andpayment to createa newopen itemReasoncodes在line item里，可以以根据不不同的reasoncode定义不同同的科目目。在Editing status里，Reasoncode只是description,不定义科科目。ExchangeRate Differences1.汇兑损益益会根据据不同的的科目,根据不同同的需要要,将汇兑损损益定义义到不同同的科目目。2.Allreconciliationaccountsandall G/Laccount withOItransactions in foreigncurrencymustbeassignedrevenue/expenseaccountforrealizedlossa