2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号24

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题It is time that the world called a（ ）to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.interruptionB.pauseC.ceaseD.halt【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: interruption “中断；打断” ；B: pause “暂停”；C: cease “终止”；D: halt “停止；阻止（停止某项事情的进展）”。句意：

2、现在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的时刻。根据语境可知D为正确答案。2.单选题We sincerely hope you will soon be（ ）to health.问题1选项A.restoredB.recoveredC.returnedD.renewed【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。restore （to） “恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。3.单选题A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overp

3、opulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B.Calhoun, and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and gi

4、ven an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately tw

5、ice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude

6、 that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected

7、 by the high population density: They showed deviant maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers care, t

8、he pups dieD.Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were th

9、e least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats diD.The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they

10、 were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough livin

11、g space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid

12、contact with them. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, tike all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation. The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the oth

13、er components of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhouns experiments. In large urban areas such as New York, London, Mexican City, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel,

14、powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity of other forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders ov

15、erpopulation? Calhouns experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.1.Paragraph 1 is organized according to（ ）.2.Calhoun stabilized the rat population（ ）.3.Which of the following inferences CA

16、NNOT be made from the information in ParA.1.4.Which of the following behavior didnt happen in this experiment?5.The main idea of the paragraph three is that（ ）.问题1选项A.reasonsB.experimentsC.examplesD.definition问题2选项A.when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB.by re

17、moving young ratsC.at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD.all of the above are correct问题3选项A.Calhouns experiment is still considered important today.B.Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C.Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowdingD

18、.Calhoun had experimented with rats before.问题4选项A.All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B.Mother rats abandoned their pups.C.Female rats showed deviant maternal behaviorD.Mother rats left their rat babies alone.问题5选项A.dominant males had adequate living spaceB.dominant males were not as s

19、eriously affected by overcrowding as the other ratsC.dominant males attacked weaker ratsD.the strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities o

20、f rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American.”中文翻译为：1962年2月，一篇发表在科学美国人杂志上的文章报道了 一组经典的实验，以确定过量种群对老鼠群落的影响。结合后文，可以得知B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字rat population可以定位到文章第一段中 “Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers.” 中文翻译为“然

21、后，他通过移除那些不依赖母亲的后代来稳定人口。”因此B为正确答案。3.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中 “Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of. social disease.” 中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩和他的同事能够得出结论，过度拥挤会导致老鼠之间正常的社会关系破裂，这是一种社会疾病。则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中 “The rats in

22、the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.” 中文翻译为：实验中的老鼠没有与生活在不过度拥挤环境的老鼠一样遵循同样的行为模式。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中 “Calhoun knew from experience.” 中文翻译为：卡尔霍恩从经验中得知，则排除D选项；可以得知A选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。由B项可以定位到文章中 “For example, mothers sometimes abandone

23、d their pups” 中文翻译为：母亲们有时会抛弃他们的幼崽则排除B选项；由C选项可以定位到文章中 “They showed deviant maternal behavior” 中文翻译为：他们表现出异常的母性行为。则排除C选项；由D项可以定位到文章中 “Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die.” 中文翻译为：在正常情况下，一只老鼠妈妈不会让 她的幼崽独自死去。则排除D选项； 因此A项“所有雄性大鼠均表现出病态行为”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。根据B项 “主导性的雄性老鼠并不像

24、其他大鼠一样严重地受到过度拥挤的影响”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation.” 中文翻译为：在大鼠种群中，主导性的雄性种群受到的影响最小。故选B。4.单选题It is no wonder that they always hold（ ）hope for the future because they are raised in the greenhouse.问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.amplifiedC.extravagant

25、D.luxurious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: exaggerated “夸大的，言过其实的” ；B: amplified “扩大；放大”；C: extravagant “过度的，过分的；浪费的”；D: luxurious “奢侈的”。句意：难怪他们总是对未来抱有夸大的希望，因为他们是在温室里长大的。结合语境，故A为正确答案。5.单选题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate

26、the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when w

27、omen began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made

28、possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question

29、this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of wome

30、ns work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an ap

31、prenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of dead-end jobs, thenceforth considered womens work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework

32、 and an increase in leisure time for these women-than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 year

33、s, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay

34、 for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revol

35、utionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.The author, mentions all of the following inventions as e

36、xamples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of womens work was done in which of the following settings?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the followin

37、g to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of womens work?5.The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?问题1选项A.The effects of the mechanization of womens work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that

38、new technology is inherently revolutionary.B.Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a societys traditional values and the customary roles of its membersC.Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work change since the IndustrialRevolution.D.The mechanization of work creates

39、whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.问题2选项A.sewing machineB.vacuum cleanerC.typewriterD.telephone问题3选项A.Textile mills.B.Private households.C.Offices.D.Factories.问题4选项A.Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions.B.Interviews with married men ind

40、icating that they are now doing some household tasks.C.Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.D.Census results showing that working womens wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as th

41、ose of working men.问题5选项A.They did not employ women in factories.B.They tended to employ single rather than married women.C.They employed women in only those jobs that were related to womens traditional household work.D.They resisted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles

42、 in the family.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题目可以定位到文章第一段，文第一句提出观点：It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.中文翻译为：史学家们往往假设，劳动的

43、机构化不仅仅对那些操作新机器的人们的生活，而且也对机器所被引入其中的社会，均产生了种革命性的影响，以及第二段第一句提出反对意见：Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. 中文翻译为：史学家们，尤其是那些研究妇女历史的史学家们，现在对关于机械化进程的变革作用这一假设表示严重的怀疑。由此可知，作者对第一种观点是反对的，并且提出自己的观点：“.such dramatic technolo

44、gical innovations as.have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. 中文翻译为：技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来任何剧烈变化。最后从原文最后一句“Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labo

45、r market and in the home. 中文翻译为：机械化甚至可能减缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的任何变化。以判断只有A项“机械化对妇女工作的影响并没有得到人们通常认为新技术本身就是革命性的这一假设的证实”符合作者态度和总结文意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词dramatic technological innovations可以定位到文章第二段中“They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewrit

46、er, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work.” 中文大意为：他们的结论是，诸如纺纱珍妮、缝纫机、打字机和吸尘器等剧烈的技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来同样巨大的社会变化。D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第一段中 “In the nineteenth century, when women b

47、egan to enter factories.”，中文翻译为：19世纪，当女性进入工厂，以及第二段中“ The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution.”，中文翻译为：工业革命期间，年轻妇女在纺织厂的就业情况和文章最后一段首句“Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory.”，中文翻译为：过去的200

48、年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂。综合可知，在工业革命之前，女性工作场所一般在B项“私人（个人）家庭”。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“alteration改变”对应“change改变”可以定位到文章第三段中 “Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar wor

49、k.”，中文翻译为：在过去的200年中，妇女的工作有了相当程度的变化，从家庭劳动到办公室或工厂，并且近来很多蓝领工作变成白领工作。以及“Fundamentally, however， the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low lev

50、els of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding.”，中文翻译为：但是，基本 上，工业革命一来，妇女们的工作条件改变甚少：按性别区分职业、整体报酬低、 工作技能水平要求相对低、升迁机会少仍存在，同时家务劳动依然繁重。可以得知D选项：“人口普查结果显示，职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与男子一样高”才表明妇女工作条件发生了根本的变化。5.推理判断题。由题干关键词“twentieth century”可以定位到

51、文章第二段尾句 “The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these womenthan it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the availa

52、ble pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.” 中文翻译为：20世纪对己婚妇女雇佣的增加不是因为家务劳动机械 化，使这些妇女有闲暇，而是由于她们经济上的必需性，以及结婚率升高使单身 妇女来源减少，而在这以前，在多数情况下，单身妇女是雇主唯一想雇佣的。因此B选项：“他们往往会雇佣单身妇女而不是己婚妇女”最符合。6.单选题Venice（ ）as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the M

53、iddle Ages, which was even mentioned by some writers, such as Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc.问题1选项A.prevailedB.reignedC.presidedD.restrained【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A: prevail “流行” ；B: reign “统治”；C: preside “主持，管理”；D: restrain “控制”。句意：中世纪时，威尼斯以地中海的主要海上力量而称雄，这一点很多作家，例如莎士比亚、马洛都提到过。根据句意可知，B为正确答案。7.单选题It was the larg

54、est experiment we have ever had; it（ ）six hours.问题1选项A.endedB.finishedC.wasD.lasted【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们做过的最大的实验。此实验持续6小时。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。8.翻译题人类文明任何形式的人类文明，都可以说是一种大的信息系统。第一个阶段是语言，有了语言才能共同占有经验，才能集体记忆，才能集体积累知识。然后便是记写，记写提供了一种不太容易消失的、更容易传递的记忆形式。之后便出现了印刷，从而使信息传播大大增加。现代电子学正在为我们提供崭新而功能更强的方法，来收集、加工、处理和传递

55、。正是这种发展的一个非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高却没有给能源或稀少的材料造成负担。相反，设备变得越来越小，甚至在同样的工作性能情况下，价格越来越便宜。只需要看袖珍计算器，微型计算机，电子表和电子游戏机，便可知道确实是如此。【答案】It can be said that any form of human civilization is a large information system. The first stage is language. Only with language can we share experience and have collective memory as

56、well as accumulate knowledge collectively. The second step is to write down. Writing has offered a form of memory that is less likely to disappear and more easily transmitted. Then printing greatly has increased the dissemination of information.Modern electronics is providing us with new and more po

57、werful ways to collect, process, process and deliver. It is a remarkable feature of this development that greatly increases ability without posing burden on energy or scarce materials. Rather, devices are getting smaller and even cheaper under the same performance conditions, which is proved by pock

58、et calculator, microcomputer, electronic watch and electronic game machine.9.单选题Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：电信的发展使人们能够通过电视、无线电发送

59、信息，很快，电子邮件就可以用许多信息轰炸人们。根据语境，此处表示信息发送的途径，因此A为正确答案。10.单选题Im（ ）on going to that flower show. I believe there are some specimens of Caration that Im interested in.问题1选项A.keenB.acuteC.shrewdD.enthusiastic【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be keen on doing sth.表示“渴望;热切;热衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感兴趣的标本。结合句意，A为正确答案。11.单选题Her f

60、ace was a fair（ ）to her disposition.问题1选项A.markB.indicationC.prefaceD.index.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: mark “斑点；记号；成绩”；B: indication “指示；象征”；C: preface “序言，引语”；D: index “索引； 数指数；指示；标志”。 句意：她的脸是显示她气质的一个很好的指标。根据语境和句意，D选项正确。12.单选题The radio program was presented（ ）a joint venture which was registered several