2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号25

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants （新教徒）lived to America. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative

2、harmony. Already they had begun to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.At the same time the works of John Locke were becoming

3、known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social theory, they made i

4、t a reality and formed a nation.It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reaso

5、n teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that, as the Declaration of Independence states，” all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,” and that “the la

6、ws of Nature and Natures God” entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.The First Amendment （修正案）to the Constitution of the United States forbade new federal government to gi

7、ve special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion. The United States would have no state-supported religion in this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity of religion belief

8、should never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral, treating all reli

9、gions alike?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes to the United States Presidents and other political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of b

10、ecoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief-not even a belief in God - as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.The truth is that for

11、 some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposed it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.1.What is the Great Awakening?2.What controlled Americans mind

12、s during the War of Independence?3.（ ） entitled Americans to have the freedom of religion.4. In the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, it is stipulated that5.Which of the following is the proof that the government ignores religion in some ways?问题1选项A.To cut across the lines of

13、 Protestant religious groups or denomination.B.A revival movement of seeking to breathe new feeling and strength into religion.C.To live side by side in relative harmony.D.To spread religious idea to other countries.问题2选项A.PoliticsB.ReligionC.ProtestantsD.Church问题3选项A.The First AmendmentB.The Consti

14、tution of the United StatesC.American GovernmentD.The Declaration of Independence问题4选项A.the government can entitle state-supported religion to enjoy some special rightsB.the government cannot take any action to limit the practice of any religionC.the United States would have no national religionD.th

15、e government will not intervene in the social or political injustice问题5选项A.Religious group need not pay taxes in the Unites States.B.President seldom calls on God to bless America and its peopleC.For those who, like Quakers, object to them, oaths can be replaced by a solemn affirmation or declaratio

16、n.D.For those whose religion forbids them to fight, performing other services can take the place of being soldiers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of

17、 Protestant religious groups, or denominations 提及“大觉醒运动”是为了为宗教带来新气象和新力量，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward 提到战时政治占据了人们的思想，选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提及 独立宣言 （the Declaration of Independence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人们具有

18、某些不可剥夺的权利，宗教自由就是其中之一。选项D符合题意。4.文章第五段和第六段提及美国宪法第一修正案禁止政府树立官方宗教或阻碍宗教自由，也不允许参与宗教事务和对公民的强加宗教信仰（forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion）。选项B符合题意。5.文章倒数第二段最后一句Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object

19、to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead 提到向上帝宣誓并非强制性的，例如贵格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。选项C符合题意。2.单选题It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unkno

20、wn in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel total

21、ly confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us howlit

22、tle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ig

23、nored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard

24、 thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no qu

25、estions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work o

26、ur way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.1.According to the author, really good science （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?4.What is

27、 the authors attitude towards science?5.The author believes that（ ）问题1选项A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB.will produce results which cannot be foreseenC.will help people to make the right choice in advanceD.will bring about disturbing results问题2选项A.thought that

28、they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature问题3选项A.They invented false theories t

29、o explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.问题4选项A.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B.He is doubtful becau

30、se of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.问题5选项A.man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB.man cannot solve al

31、l the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD.questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段if it is really good s

32、cience it is impossible to predict 提到真正好的科学不可能被预测，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （启蒙运动）to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead提到如果我们中任何一个去告诉18世纪启蒙运动中那些最聪明的人，我们知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他们会对此表示惊讶。由此可知，这些科学家与我们的想

33、法相反的，他们认为他们知道的很多，并且能解决很多问题，所以选项A符合题意。3.文章第二段In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps提到在早期我们要么假装知道事物的工作原理，要么忽视问题，或者简单的编造一些故事来填补空白。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到我们迟早会解决包括人类意识在内的所有我们能想到的问题，还表示只要我们坚持、专注，就能想到答案。可以看出作者是非常有

34、信心的。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers 提到会有一些问题我们想不到，但是在我们的局限范围内，我们应该能够努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我们不能想到所有问题，但是可以解决能想到

35、的问题，选项A符合题意。3.单选题No one needs to feel awkward in （ ）his own customs.问题1选项A.pursuingB.followingC.chasingD.seeking【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pursue “追求”；follow “追随”；chase “追逐”；seek “寻求”。句意：没有人需要因为追随自己的习俗而感到尴尬。选项B符合题意。4.单选题I didnt sent out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.had toB.should haveC.woul

36、d doD.might have to【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我上周没有发申请表格，但是我本来应该发的。选项C符合题意。5.单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一

37、扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。6.单选题Very few scientists （ ）completely new answers to the worlds problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”。句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。7.单选题After four

38、years in the same job his enthusiasm finally（ ） .问题1选项A.deterioratedB.dissipatedC.dispersedD.drained【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate “恶化”；dissipate “浪费”；disperse “分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。8.单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ） of the reality that the

39、yrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。9.单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those who living in（ ）populated

40、 areas.问题1选项A.thicklyB.denselyC.heavilyD.keenly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。thickly “厚地，浓地”；densely “浓密地，密集地”；heavily “沉重地，猛烈地”；keenly “敏锐地，强烈地”。句意：生活在小城镇的人往往看起来比生活在人口密集地区的人友善。选项B符合题意。10.单选题There are some 65 species of New World monkeys. Many of these have a very useful anatomical adaptation lacking in their o

41、ld world counterparts that curious “fifth hand, the prehensile （适手抓住的）tail. And in a few species the gripping tail has developed to such as extent that is actually has “fingerprints” on the tip. While of course a tail is not-accepted with fingers, it can sometimes be even more useful than an arm or

42、a leg. A spider monkeys tail, for instance, is longer than its head and body combined, and is frequently used instead of a hand to grasp distant objects. Other monkeys less fortunate are forced to relegate at least one limb to support while they feed, whereas monkeys endowed with prehensility can ha

43、ng by their tails while they feast with both hands and feet. A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons.1.The passage mainly discusses（ ） .2.The author probably believes that a monkey uses its

44、prehensile tail especially for3.In the second sentence, the word “their” refers to（ ） .4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Asiatic gibbons and certain New World monkeys are similar in what respect?5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

45、问题1选项A.certain evolutionary advantages of New World monkeysB.feeding habits of the spider monkeyC.the development of arms and shoulders in New World monkeysD.some anatomical adaptations of Asiatic gibbons问题2选项A.running over a grassy plainB.supporting itself while eatingC.swimming across a riverD.def

46、ending itself against enemies问题3选项A.New World monkeysB.Old World monkeysC.spider monkeysD.Asiatic gibbons问题4选项A.The length of their tailsB.Their mating habitsC.The ability to grip with their feetD.Their upper body structure问题5选项A.Some monkeys use their hands to grasp objects.B.A spider monkey has a

47、very long tail.C.A prehensile tail has fingers.D.Asiatic gibbons can swing through trees.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章主要介绍了新世界猴与其他种类猴相比所具有的进化优势。其中最主要的是进化出适合抓握的尾巴以及类似于亚洲长臂猿的适合在树上摆荡的手臂和肩膀。所以选项A符合题意。2.文章中提到whereas monkeys endowed with prehensility can hang by their tails while they feast with b

48、oth hands and feet，可知新世界猴在吃食物的时候能够用尾巴悬挂身体从而使双手双脚抓东西吃。选项B符合题意。3.their 后面接的内容是“它们在旧世界的同类”，可知their 指的是新世界猴。选项A符合题意。4.文章最后一句话A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons 提到一些新世界猴进化出了类似于亚洲长臂猿那样的手臂和肩膀，

49、所以选项D符合题意。5.文章提到while of course a tail is not-accepted with fingers （尾巴上并没有长手指，选项C符合题意。11.单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 millionparticipants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；pe

50、nalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。12.单选题The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .问题1选项A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.consideration【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conclusion “结论”；contribution “贡献”；continuation “继续”；consideration “考虑”。句意：

51、目前（相关人员）正在考虑建设一个五万吨级的钢铁厂。选项D符合题意。13.单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。14.单选题Visions are asked to （ ）with the re

52、gulations.问题1选项A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict “冲突”；consult “咨询”；comply “遵守”；contrast “对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。15.单选题He attends to the （ ）of important business himself.问题1选项A.transactionB.transitionC.transmissionD.transformation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。transaction “交易，业务”；

53、transition “过渡，转变”；transmission “传送，播送”；transformation “转换”。句意：他亲自参与重要的商务会议。选项A符合题意。16.单选题Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，

54、他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。17.单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。18.单选题Do you have any （ ）about what living beings on other planets would

55、be like?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal “理想”；comprehension “理解力”；notion “观念，意见”；intelligence “智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题意。19.单选题There are several landladies approved by the university who take in （ ）.问题1选项A.settlersB.lodgersC.residentsD.inhabitants【答案】

56、B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Settler “移居者”；lodger “房客”；resident “居民”；inhabitant “居民”。句意：大学批准了几位女房东接受房客。选项B符合题意。20.单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly intothe sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend

57、“攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。21.单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination

58、“考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。22.单选题It may be worthwhile at this moment to （ ）and see what progress we have made after one years study in college.问题1选项A.look intoB.look aroundC.look overD.look back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Look into “调查，研究”；look around “环顾”；look over “查看”；look back “回顾”。句意：现在

59、回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。23.单选题Segregation made it difficult for black Americans to become （ ）into the larger middle class culture and its values.问题1选项A.anticipatedB.indulgedC.transmittedD.assimilated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilated into “融入”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。24.单选题A well-es

60、tablished distinction in memory theory is that between short-term and long-term memory. The former refers to our ability to do such things as remember telephone numbers long enough to dial them, the latter-concerns the wide range of ways in which experience can affect behavior many years later. Give