定语从句课件-高三英语一轮复习

1、Attributive Clause定 语 从 句1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。一 概念3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.I saw the house that was burning at that time.先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句关系词的作用 连接作用 指代作用 在从句中 做成分指代先行词作主语二 分类：定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词关

2、系副词限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。who, whom, whose, which，thatwhere, when, why三 关系代词(2)The river which/that is in front of my house is very clean.(4)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(1)The little problems that we meet in our daily liv

3、es may be inspirations for great inventions.(5)They were well trained by their masters whohad great experience with caring for these animals.(6)The man whom/who you are waiting for has gone home.(3)Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.Observe the following sentences ,discuss them

4、in groups and then fill the form.thatwhichwhowhomwhose指代成分名称关系代词主语物/人物人人物/人宾语表语主语主语宾语宾语宾语定语注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略。e.g: (1)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.He is the

5、 man I saw yesterday.1.区别1.1先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。All that we have to do is to practice English.The first letter that I got from him will be kept.Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me.(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ;(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所

6、修饰;(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ;(6)当句中已有which/who时 ， 为避免重复 。(5)先行词既有人又有物时;(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时;He is the only person that I want to talk with.They talked about persons and things that they met.Who is the man that is giving us the class?当先行词被代，高，

7、序，恰恰修饰时，或者既有人又有物时只用that。Summary: 1.2 只能用which，不能用that（2）关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。（1）在非限制性定语从句中（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）只能使用关系词which，不能使用关系词that；This is the building in which he lives .His book , which was lost last week , has been found now.Those who are singing are all my classmates .He who plays with fire

8、 gets burned .1.3先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that。但以下情况下，只能用who。(1)当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，用who;(2)在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who;指物时用that;(3)当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。There is a girl who expects to see you .The girl whose parents work in Beijing is Kate .1.4.定语从句中whose的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whos

9、e。Kae,whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one ofwhose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.判断：看定语从句的主语(名词）前有无限定词（my、your、Jims，等），若没有，则用whose。总结：从句缺主语，宾语，表语用关系代词； 没有逗号用that;those多用who 有逗号不用that

10、,有介词不用that; 空后是名词，先行词在从句中作定语译为“谁的” 用whose; 介词后多用which/whom, 先行词指人用whom,先行词指物用which。Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of which has been proved.(1)The little

11、 problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(3)He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.(4)I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my cl

12、assmates recommended to me. 小试牛刀thatwhichwhosewhich(5)The old temple roof was destroyed in storm is now under repair.(6) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their villiage home for a better life in big city. (7）Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognising

13、 their own strengths. (8) Finally, we reached the island was completely cut off from the outside world. whosewhomwhothat/which2.as引导定语从句2.1引导限制性定语从句用在such,same,as等之后，引导限制性定语从句,suchas, the sameas, asas。e.g: (1) IliveinthesameplaceasTomdoes. 我和汤姆住在同处。 (2)Hesnotsuchafoolashelooks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。 (3)Hesm

14、okesasexpensiveacigaretteashecanafford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。2.2引导非限制性定语从句单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如：（1）Aswasexpected,hesucceededatlast. 正如我们所料，他终于成功了。（2）Ihadcoffeeafterdinner,asismyusualpractice. 我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。（3）Freddie,asmightbeexpected,wasattendingtheconference. 弗雷迪在参加会议，这是可以预料到

15、的。2.3 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：(1)位置：as位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。which只能放于只能位于主句后（2）意思：as译为“正如，正像”which 译为“这一点，这件事”一个众所周知或意料之中的事意料之外He passed the exame, as we expected.He passed the exame, which surprised us.as 固定搭配，像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as alwa

16、ys mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。Exercises:He and his family bycicle to work, helps them keep fit.The numberof smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.By now ,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite u

17、nexpected. is often thecase withr the children ,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.There is such an unforgettable experience they have.whichasAsaswhich四 关系副词(1)Opposite is St.Paul Church,where you can hear some lovely music.(2)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere

18、 where his employees enjoy their work.(3)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. (4)Is this the reason why he refused our offer?Observe the following sentences ,discuss them in groups and then fill the form.解题技巧：从句主谓宾全；主系表全； 从

19、句主语+不及物动词(stay,live,work,come,go,born,arrive等）whenwherewhy 指代成分名称关系副词时间名词地点名词the reason状 语关系副词when/where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句；why只可引导限制性定语从句。介词+which介词+whichfor + which当先行词是 stage,case,point,situation等词，关系词在定语从句中做状语时，用关系副词where引导。注意Summary定语从句定语:相当于 ，修饰名词或代词构成:名词或代词+ +从句分类:限制性: 非限制性: ; 形容词关系词 修饰或

20、限定所涉及的人或物的具体情况给出额外的补充信息 逗号关系词:关系代词:关系副词: 指人，作主语或宾语; whowhom 指人，作宾语; 指事、物，作主语或宾语; 指人或事、物，作主语或宾语; 所修饰的名词为所属关系，作定语; 作地点状语 作时间状语; 作原因状语;whichthatwhosewherewhenwhy总结：第一步：先找准先行词 第二步：再看先行词在定语从句中做的成分， 如在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语用关系代词，作定语用whose；如作状语用关系副词，先行词是时间的名词用when， 地点的名词用where，the reason 用why高考真题练习(1)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2)At t