2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号52

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

问题1选项

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：他写下了地址，以免忘记。横线到句尾部分是原因状语从句。A选项incase“以免”，不加not；B选项lest“以免”；C选项inorderthat“以便”；D选项fear“担心”，offearthat不合语法。写下地址是为了防止忘记和语法正确性，B选项lest“以免”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Ifyoucanconvincetheinterviewerofyourspecialqualifications,yourchanceofbeingacceptedwillbegreatlyenhanced.

问题1选项

A.appreciated

B.encouraged

C.frustrated

D.increased

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appreciated“欣赏”；B选项encouraged“鼓励”；C选项frustrated“挫败”；D选项increased“增强，提高”。句意：如果你能让面试官相信你有所专长，那么你被录用的机会就会大大增加。根据语境，D选项increased“增强，提高”搭配chance比较合理，并且和enhanced“增强”同义，符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.

问题1选项

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项aswellas“也；不但……而且”；B选项disregardfor“漠视”；C选项letalone“更不用说；不打扰”；D选项notmentioning“没有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁鱼一样挤在汗流浃背、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，______自由走动。根据语境，这里是指车厢里面很挤，呼吸都困难，自由走动就更困难了，所以letalone“更不用说”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

_______sleepiscrucialtothehealthofadults,newresearchsuggeststhatlackofsleepmayaffectteens’health,too.

问题1选项

A.Justas

B.Aslongas

C.Despitethat

D.Nomatterhow

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项Justas“正像”；B选项Aslongas“只要”；C选项Despitethat“尽管”；D选项Nomatterhow“不管怎样”。句意：_______睡眠对成年人的健康至关重要，新的研究表明，睡眠不足也可能影响青少年的健康。根据too可知睡眠不足会同时影响青少年和成年人，所以Justas“正像”让句子通顺，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.翻译题

41.人类社会中的战争大体源于两方面的缺乏。第一是资源的缺乏：争夺对国家安全和经济发展至关重要的稀缺战略资源往往是一国发动战争的重要动因。第二是信任的缺乏：这种缺乏常常导致国家在宗教、文化、意识形态等方面的持续对抗，并由此引发军事冲突。

42.一方面，投资的滞后牵制了经济的增长，而另一方面，持续的消费热在一定程度上缓解了经济的衰退。

43.大学里学到的知识还相当粗浅，研究生阶段才开始研究学问，但在这个时期也只能算是初涉学术，更加注重的应是领悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

6.翻译题

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。

37．在社会中人类为了竞争所付出的代价，就和为了不需要花钱就能得到的舒适和奢侈品一样代价高昂；但是竞争法则带来的好处高于付出的代价，因为正是这种竞争法则，经济快速发展，生活水平得到提高。

38．虽然这一法则对个体来说可能很难，但是它适用于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适应并生存。

39．因此，我们接受并欢迎我们必须适应的条件，也就是工业和商业掌握在少数人手中的巨大不平等；而他们之间的竞争法则不仅是良性的，而且对种族的未来发展必不可少。

40．无论在什么地方，在什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了只有少数人有这种能力。

7.单选题

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项harmony“融洽；和谐；和声”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚乱”；C选项distortion“曲解；变形，失真”；D选项accord“协议”。句意：这个行业进入_______，一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理论。根据语境，大家的观点不一致，turmoil“混乱，骚乱”比较能够形容这个情况，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

问题1选项

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路赶来帮助她，却发现她投井自尽了。A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”；B选项tofind“发现”；C选项inordertofind“为了发现”；D选项soastofind“以便发现”。根据语境，A选项onlytofind“结果却发现”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

问题1选项

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

问题2选项

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

问题3选项

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

问题4选项

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

问题5选项

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】26.推理判断题。根据第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”（现在问问你自己，“我和我表达的信息有什么联系？”）和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage（通过识别并分享你与公司信息的个人联系来展现你的热情），可知这两段都在讲通过表达自己与自己表达的信息联系来加强情感联系，所以A选项“支持同一个主题句”正确。B选项“分别提出相反的观点”，C选项“后者是前者的例证”和D选项“后者是前者的结果”不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.（卓越的企业家和商业专业人士将他们的成功归功于他们的沟通技巧，每个人都对自己的服务、产品、公司或事业充满热情。），可知激情在商务交流上最重要，所以B选项“在传达信息时表现出热情”正确。A选项“建立私交”：根据第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.（你们中的一些人可能会说，“我的激情是致富……他们从来没有讨论过他们从富有中得到了多少快乐。相反，他们通过分享自己的故事、轶事和例子，与听众建立起一种情感上的融洽），这里表达的是激情不是来自于对致富的渴望，而不是说在商务交流中建立交情很重要，故错误。C选项“运用高度的沟通技巧”和D选项“满足听众的情感需求”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.（但无论你是在推销或推广一项服务、产品、公司或事业，你如何精心制作和传递你的信息可能意味着成功销售或被解雇的区别。）和第六段倒数第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.（激情将世界上最优秀的推销员与绝大多数平庸的演讲者区分开来。），可知本文一直强调的激情对于需要销售的职业来说很重要，而演说家不那么需要，所以B选项“售货员”正确，A选项“企业家”，C选项“演说家”和D选项“店主”错误。因此B选项正确。

29.语义推测题。根据最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?（如果你经营一家咖啡店或餐厅，你的激情会是在家庭和工作之间创造一个受欢迎的“第三空间”让你的顾客享受吗？），可知第三空间是拿来享受的，所以A选项“一个享受的地方”正确，B选项“一个分享你个人信息的商店”，C选项“咖啡店或餐厅”和D选项“一个可以展示你激情的私密场所”：不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

30.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.（我们这个时代的伟大发言人提高了作为一名商业沟通者的意义——你被拿来和他们比较。），可知各个领域的发言人让商务交流的标准更高，所以A选项“对商务交流者的更高标准”正确。B选项“沟通中信息的更好表达”：表述不准确，故错误。C选项“商务交流者应该掌握的10种技巧”和D选项“商务交流者被拿来和发言人比较”：是一方面的内容，不足以概括这部分主旨，故错误。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

TheUnitedStatesFoodandDragAdministrationhasshownitselftobeparticularlywarywithregardtoalleged“miracle”drugsinrecentyears.

问题1选项

A.bellicose

B.exhausted

C.cautious

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项bellicose“好战的”；B选项exhausted“精疲力竭的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项strange“奇怪的”。句意：近年来，美国食品药品监督管理局对所谓的神药的态度开始特别谨慎。根据语境，C选项cautious“谨慎的”比较符合对miracledrugs“神药”的态度，和wary“谨慎的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Inthesearchforsolutiontoseeminglyoverwhelmingproblems,itbecameincreasingly______toincluderadical,evenrevolutionaryideas.

问题1选项

A.stable

B.absolute

C.immortal

D.plausible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stable“稳定的”；B选absolute项“绝对的”；C选项immortal“不朽的”；D选项plausible“看似合理的”。句意：在寻找看似无法解决的问题的解决方案时，激进的，甚至是革命性的主意越来越______。根据语境，plausible“看似合理的”搭配ideas“主意”比较合理，指激进的方法更加可行，D选项plausible“看似合理的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

12.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官样文章，冗长的法规条文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外两个目标将总统及其政党紧密联系，团结一致很有可能。第一，减税是共和党一贯主张的优先事项。但第二点放松管制，直到最近才上升到同样的地位。呼吁减少繁文缛节，是共和党人如今的一种有力战斗口号——在许多国会议员的心中，它比削减赤字更有分量。

37.共和党人放松管制议程的直接动机是蔑视巴拉克•奥巴马总统遗留政策，这其中大部分是通过监管法令而确立的。

38.当立法还没有出台时，行政部门就开始指手画脚，断言被《清洁空气法》赋予广泛权力以应对气候变化，而因为《清洁水法》清理了比以往任何时候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合计成本和收益并不简单。支持监管的机构显然可以把数字推向有利的方向。政府官员有时必须做出主观价值判断。

40.虽然共和党人总是提这种数字，但许多经济学家认为这个数大得难以置信。即使那些赞同放松管制的人，也不愿去预测监管对经济增长的影响，而更愿意强调减税的好处。

13.单选题

Usingmanysymbolsmakes______toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.itispossible

C.itpossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。根据固定搭配makesth.+adj.(forsb.)todosth.“做某事（对某人来说）是怎么样的”，结合选项可知这里it是形式宾语，所以C选项itpossible符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.

问题1选项

A.summits

B.peaks

C.heights

D.highlights

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项summits“最高点；首脑会议”；B选项peaks“高峰的（时期）；（过程、活动的）顶峰”；C选项heights“顶点；高潮”；D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天录制的足球______将在新闻之后播放。根据语境，这里指足球比赛的精华集锦，D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

问题1选项

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

问题2选项

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

问题3选项

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

问题4选项

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

问题5选项

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.推理判断题。根据第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世纪，所有关于未来的可怕小说都想象书会被烧毁……只举一个例子，GarySteynghart的小说……描述了一个世界，在这里每个人都沉迷于电子设备——一个更无所不包的苹果手机，里面有闪烁的购物车、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人们开始认为剩下的几本没读过的纸书散发一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表达在描述未来的书中不会有书的位置，所以D选项“表明在描述未来世界的小说中没有书”正确，没有说到真人秀等事物和书籍的关系，故C选项“证明书籍在未来将被真人秀和色情所取代”错误。A选项“提倡阅读纸质书已经过时的观点”和B选项“推出一款比iPhone更杂项的全新电子产品”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占据的精神空间正在被我们周围数以千计的大规模毁灭性武器所侵蚀。），可知纸质书销量下降主要是因为读者的思想被其他的东西占据，所以B选项“由于各种各样的诱惑，人们的思维没有空间来阅读”正确。A选项“电子图书正在占领越来越多的市场份额的纸质书”：根据第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被电子书啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但这不是主要原因，故错误。C选项“书店因为人们更喜欢从图书馆借书而歇业”：根据第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到书店和图书馆落寞的冲击。），可知书店和图书馆没有直接联系，也不是主要原因，故错误。D选项“人们认为互联网上的东西更值得他们关注”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（这很难承认，但我们都能感觉到：阅读书籍正变得越来越困难。），接着在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（评论家DavidUlin承认他有一种奇怪的感觉），这种感觉就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也无法在自己内心找到阅读所必需的安静），综合来看，C选项“现在很难集中精力读书”正确。A选项“人们倾向于视阅读理所当然”：根据第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把阅读当作理所当然的饮食），这是David的想法，而不是人们普遍的想法，故错误。B选项“人们的思想被互联网侵占”：这在之前就提到，也不是这一段表达的重点，故错误。D选项“DavidUlin的书给读者一种奇怪的感觉”不符合文章内容，因此C选项正确。

34.语义推测题。根据第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜爱网络不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣进行痛斥。但这就是“wired”这个词既表示“连接互联网”，又表示“兴奋、疯狂、无法集中注意力”的原因。），这里的无法集中注意力指的是不能静下来读书，所以这里表达的是互联网让人不像以前那样读书多了，B选项“互联网对纸质书的消失负有部分责任”正确，人们不会因为其他原因而怒斥互联网本身，所以A选项“人们总是误解互联网的功能”错误。C选项“人们称互联网为‘连线世界’是有原因的”：不是这里要表达的重点，并且这是对原文的重述，不属于推断，故错误。D选项“互联网将取代纸质书的功能”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据文章提到的越来越多的诱惑让人不能集中注意力来看书，人们的思维空间被其他的东西占满而腾不出空间看书，可知C选项“纸质书正面临被其他东西取代的极端危险”符合文章意思，所以正确。A选项“真正的阅读者可以在各种环境中保持阅读，包括嘈杂的环境”：根据第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房间的另一边用笔记本电脑砰砰地读一本书，这就像你在一个派对上看书，每个人都在互相大喊大叫……这越来越难找了）文章说到因为诱惑太多越来越难集中注意力读书，没有说到真正的阅读者是怎样的，故错误。B选项“互联网应该被严厉谴责危害纸质书”：根据第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，别误会我。我热爱网络……这不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣的痛斥。），可知作者不认为要谴责互联网，故错误。D选项“阅读书籍不符合日益增长的娱乐需求”：根据第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新发明越能满足娱乐和主流教育的需求，书就越能恢复其地位和权威。），可知娱乐得到满足对书籍发展有利，与文章意思不符，故错误。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

问题1选项

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deny“否定；拒绝承认”；B选项overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（对不良现象等）视而不见”；C选项exaggerate“夸大