2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号5

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Foranationofpetlovers,Britainconductsasurprisingnumberofexperimentsonanimalssome3mayear.Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion.UnlikeBritain'sgovernment,America'sdoesnotthinkratsandmiceworthcounting.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica,andanimalsusedinresearchinthosetwocountriesarenotprotectedtothesameextentthattheyareintheWest.Evenso,academiccenterssupportingalternativestoanimaltestinghaveemergedinbothplacesinrecentyears.InJulyChinaissueditsfirstsetofguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

Inanidealworld,therewouldbenoanimaltesting.Itisexpensiveandcanbeofdubiousscientificvalue,sincedifferentspeciesoftenreactdifferentlytothesameprocedure.Thatiswhymanyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective.However,thetransitionisprovingeasierforsometypesofexperimentthanforothers,asagroupofresearchersinthefielddiscussedatthesixthWorldCongressonAlternativesandAnimalUseintheLifeSciences,heldlastweekinTokyo.

Themostimportantmessagefromthecongresswasthatthingsaregoingintherightdirection.Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasfallenbyhalfinthepast30years,atleastinthosecountriesthatrecordsuchthings.Therehasalsobeenashiftinthesortofanimalused.Mostofthoseemployedtodayarerodentsratherthandogs,cats,rabbitsandmonkeys.(Thatpublicopiniongenerallywelcomesthisis,however,agoodexampleof"cutist"prejudiceforonespeciesoveranother:thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals.)Also,oftheexperimentsthatarestillconducted,themajorityarenowconcernedwithdevelopingandtestingmedicineratherthan,say,checkinghowtoxiccosmeticsare.Ofthe11manimalsinvolvedeachyearinexperimentsthathavetobereportedtotheEuropeanCommission,about45%areusedformedicalandveterinarypurposesandanother35%forbasicbiomedicalresearch.

1.Whichofthefollowingis"anillusion"?

2.Manyresearchersarecurrentlytryingto______.

3.Thecutistprejudiceprobablyreferstothefactthat______.

问题1选项

A.BritainprotectsanimalsusedinresearchbetterthanJapanandChina.

B.Chinahasissuedguidelinesgoverningtheuseofanimalsinresearch.

C.JapanhaslesscomprehensivedataonanimaltestingthanAmerica.

D.AmericaconductsfewerexperimentsonanimalsthanBritain.

问题2选项

A.useanimalsinvolvedinresearchmoreeffectively

B.slowdownthetransitionforsomeexperiments

C.challengethescientificvalueofanimaltesting

D.raisethecostofusinganyanimalsinresearch

问题3选项

A.petanimalsarethoughttosuffermoreinexperiments

B.rodentsarebelievedtoreactinthesamewaywithhumans

C.testingmedicineissupposedtodomoreharmthantestingcosmetics

D.whatsortofanimalstouseisreckonedmorecrucialthanwhethertousethem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪个是“错觉”？根据“anillusion”定位到文章第一段第二句“Americaappearstousefeweranimals—just1.1mayear,accordingtoofficialstatistics—butthatisanillusion”，说明美国用动物做的试验似乎少一些是错觉。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：许多研究人员目前正试图_____。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段中“manyresearchersareworkingonwaysofreducingthenumberofanimalexperimentsneededandofmakingthosethatstillhappenmoreeffective”，研究人员在采取措施减少动物使用量，并提高成效。因此A选项符合题意。

3.细节题。题干：cutistprejudice可能指的是_____。根据关键词定位到文章第三段，后面提到“thereisnoreasontobelievethatrodentssufferlessthanothermammals”没有理由认为啮齿类动物（在实验中）遭受的痛苦比其他哺乳动物要少，这表明了对于不同物种间持有的偏见。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

问题1选项

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

问题2选项

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：作者认为，是什么加剧了全球变暖的严重性？文章手段提到了关键词“全球变暖”，并指向美国政府的不作为会导致情况迅速恶化。因此答案出现在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”，出于经济和政治原因，美国政府选择煤炭作为燃料。因此C选项符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题干：关于有效控制碳排放的障碍，下列哪一项是正确的？由关键词定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”，说明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制达不到预期效果。因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：作者建议如何解决这个问题？最后一段中，作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”，说明作者建议美国政府为碳排放进行定价，投资开发减少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

问题1选项

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。release“释放；允许发表”；relieve“解除；减轻；使放心”；remove“移动；开除”；rely“依靠，信赖”。句意：他从不认为，变得残疾……他所有对自己和社区的道德责任。可知“减轻”更合适，因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

问题1选项

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getthrough“通过；度过”；getover“克服；恢复”；getby“获得认可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnoldarboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasarboretumdirectorJan.1hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceMonday(Jan.10)，until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.

Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin’sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman’stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin’sEvolutionistAncestors，”tookplaceatthearboretum’sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin’swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies”.Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace’sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace’sideasgalvanizedDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan“abstract”oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho’dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea，somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave一suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies，”wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea，”Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism.’’

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”isgreatinthat______.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto_______.

3.InFriedman’sview,Darwin’soriginalityliesin_______.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideain（）

5.ScientificdiscoveryrequiredallthefollowingExcept（）

问题1选项

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolutions

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

问题2选项

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefathterofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizethispredecessors’work

问题3选项

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

问题4选项

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterms

D.plainlanguage

问题5选项

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheides

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据威廉•弗里德曼的观点，达尔文的《论物种起源》很伟大，因为______。第二段第一句提到了WilliamFriedman的身份是arboretumdirector，由此可以找到第一段中他的观点“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat”，与D选项对应。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：弗里德曼认为，达尔文在他的书的后期印刷中附上了一幅“历史素描”是试图_______。第二段最后提到“…the“historicalsketch”thatDarwinattached…wasintendedtomollifythosewhodemandedcreditfortheirownearlierideas”，他这么做是为了安抚那些为自己的早期的观点要求声望的人，因此A选项符合题意。

3.Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE细节题。题干：在弗里德曼看来，达尔文的独创性在于_____。本文第五段第一句提到达尔文的独创性：Though

othershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin’sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.由此可知，虽然在达尔文之前就已经有人思考过进化的问题，但达尔文在这方面还是具有创造性。弗里德曼说，只有少数人认同达尔文在自然选择这种机制方面的见解。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题推理题。题干：我们已经知道，起初达尔文打算把他的想法写进______。由题干定位到文章第五段最后两句“Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages…itwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended…hebeganworkonadetailedtomeonnaturalselectionthatwouldn’tseepublicationuntil1975”，可知达尔文本身是有更宏大的写作计划。因此A选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干：科学发现需要以下所有条件，除了______。文中第八段第一句提到了scientificdiscovery科学发现。第一句中的“requiresmorethanjustanidea”与A选项对应；第二句中的“theunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea”与B选项对应；第三句中的“theabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea”与D选项对应。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

WesternmanishimselfbeingWesternizedbyhisownspeed-up,（）byindustrialtechnology.

问题1选项

A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized

B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized

C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized

D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。as…as…“像……一样”，此结构前后有呼应，前半句是被动语态的进行时，后半句也应保持一致。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Summerholidaysspentonthehotghettostreetsare()hetimemiddle-classstudentsdevotetocamps,exoticvacationsandhighlyorganizedsports.

问题1选项

A.ashardlyculturallyenrichingas

B.ashardlyenrichingcultureas

C.hardlyasculturallyenrichingas

D.hardlyasculturalenrichingas

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。当否定词hardly修饰as…as…时要放在前面，修饰形容词性的enriching要使用副词，因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

ThemajorobstacletothereforminNewOrleans,(),ismoney.

问题1选项

A.asisitacrossthecountry

B.asitisacrossthecountry

C.asitwereacrossthecountry

D.aswereitacrossthecountry

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。主句是现在时，排除C和D选项。as后不需要使用倒装结构，因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

HowcanIeverconcentrateifyou______continually______mewithsillyquestions?

问题1选项

A.have,interrupted

B.had,interrupted

C.are,interrupting

D.were,interrupted

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句中带有continually时，可用现在进行时表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态。句意：如果你不断用这种无聊的问题打扰我，我怎么能集中精力呢？因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

问题1选项

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词，而只有whether可以表示“不确定性”，因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattleofHastingsbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,whobecamethenewEnglishking.

ProjectleaderJones,authorofTheForgottenBattleof1066:Fulford,isanamateurhistorian,andmanyoftheartifactswereuncoverednotduringprofessionalarchaeologicalexcavationsbutbymetal-detectorenthusiasts.Butthat“doesn’tatalldevalue”thediscovery,saidarchaeologistAllanHalloftheUniversityofYork.TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment，”Hallsaid.“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart.”

1.Whatissaidabouttoday’srecyclersatthebeginningofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredin

thecityofYork?

3.WhathadarchaeologistsknownaboutVikingrecyclingbeforetheweaponrecyclingcenterwasdiscovered?

4.WhatisspecialaboutthevillageofFulford?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheFulfordBattlefieldSociety?

问题1选项

A.TheyrecyclethingsthatarediscoveredattheVikingsettlements.

B.Theyareasrich,bloodyandbrawnyastheirVikingancestors.

C.TheymayhaveinheritedtherecyclingtraditionfromtheVikings.

D.TheyrecyclethesamethingsthattheVikingsrecycled.

问题2选项

A.Itwasanironworkrecyclingcenterfarawayfromthebattlefield.

B.WeaponsandotherutensilswerereprocessedherebytheVikings.

C.Evidenceshowsthattheweaponsrecycledherewereleftbytheenemyinthebattle.

D.Thepiecesofironworkfoundinthissitearebeinganalyzedinordertoknowwhatexactlytheyweremade'of.

问题3选项

A.TheVikingsrecycledmetalandothermaterialsfordailyuse.

B.TheVikingsonlyrecycledmetalsbecausetheywereprecious.

C.TheVikingsweretheonlypeopleatthattimewhousedalloysinreprocessingweapons.

D.Recyclingcenterswereusuallyfoundbehindthebattlefields.

问题4选项

A.ItisnearthecityofYorkbutwasnotincludedinthecityinhistory.

B.Abattletookplaceherein1066afterwhichtheVikingrecyclingcenterwasbuilttoreprocessweapons.

C.TheVikingsdefeatedtheEnglisharmytwicehereintheyear1066.

D.ItwasthelocationofthebattlebetweenKingHaroldIIandDukeofNormandy.

问题5选项

A.Itisanorganizationofprofessionalandamateurhistorians.

B.ItstrivesforpreservingtheVikingrecyclingsiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

C.ItassistedprofessionalarchaeologistsintheexcavationoftheVikingrecyclingcenter.

D.Itisanamateurorganizationcooperatingcloselywithprofessionalarchaeologists.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：在这篇文章的开头，关于今天的回收者说了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest”，著名的北欧战士——维京人就是边打仗边回收利用，说明今天的回收者可能是从维京人继承而来。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于最近在约克市发现的11世纪金属加工遗址，下列哪一项是正确的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世纪金属加工遗址。文中对此的描述是“whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle”，与B选项对应，因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：在发现武器回收中心之前，考古学家对维京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的CharlesJones即aechaeologist考古学家，文中引用了“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace”，对应D选项的内容，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：富尔福德村有什么特别之处？第五段提到“Vikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork”，可知1066年在这里发生了战役，维京人在这里开始回收武器。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节推理题。题干：我们对福尔福德战场了解多少？文章最后一段说到“TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment”，提取关键词“合作”，还提到“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart”，与A选项的“amateurhistorians”对应，因此A选项符合题意。

12.名词解释

(1)Itisusefultorememberthathistoryistothenationasmemoryistotheindividual.Aspersonsdeprivedofmemorybecomedisorientedandlost,notknowingwheretheyhavebeenandwheretheyaregoing,soanationdeniedaconceptionofthepastwillbedisabledindealingwithitspresentanditsfuture.

Historyisthebestantidotetodelusionsofomnipotenceandomniscience.(2)Selfknowledgeistheindispensablepreludetoself-control,forthenationaswellasforindividual.Historyshouldforeverremindusofthelimitsofourpassingperspectives.Itshouldstrengthenustoresistthepressuretoconvertmomentaryimpulsesintomoralabsolutes.Itshouldleadustorecognitionofthefact,sooftenandsosadlydisplayed,thatthefutureoutwitsallourcertitudesandthatthepossibilitiesofthefuturearemorevariousthanthehumanintellectisdesignedtoconceive.

(3)Anationinformedbyavividunderstandingoftheironiesofhistoryisbestequippedtomanagethetragictemptationsofmilitarypower.Letusnotbullyourwaythroughlife,butletasensitivitytohistorytemperandcivilizeouruseofpower.Inthemeantime,letathousandhistoricalflowersbloom.(4)Historyisneveraclosedbookorafinalverdict.Itisforeverintheinterestsofanideology,areligion,arace,andanation.

Thegreatstrengthofhistoryisitscapacityforself-correction.Thisistheendlessexcitementofhistoricalwriting:thesearchtoreconstructwhatwentbefore.(5)Anation'shistorymustbeboththeguideandthedomainnotsomuchofitshistoriansasitscitizens.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.Historyistoanationwhatmemoryistoaperson,sokeepitinmindishelpful.

2.Self-knowledgeisanessentialpremiseforself-controlofthenationandindividual.

3.Ifanationcanlearnalotfromitshistorylessons,itiswellpreparedforcontrollingtheimpulsionofresortingtoforce.

4.Historyisnotconstantandinvariable.

5.Thehistoryofanationisthedirectorandresearchingfieldofitscitizensratherthanitshistorians.

13.单选题

Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.

问题1选项

A.aheadof

B.backof

C.independentof

D.abreastof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持与……并列”。句意：一些经济学家担心，股价……公司盈利，这在一定程度上让人想起上世纪80年代末日本股市崩盘前的情景。可知前半句应表示“股票价格超过了公司盈利”。因此A选项符合题意。

14.单选题

______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.

问题1选项

A.Obtainingnot

B.Notobtaining

C.Nothavingobtained

D.Notobtained

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。由后半句可知“他现在只能在家看电视”，即未买到比赛的票是既成事实，并且此事实对现在产生了影响，因此应该使用现在完成时态。主语he与动词obtain之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词的现在完成时态。因此C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Theorganizationissuedacryofalarmlastweek,citing"()evidence"thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

问题1选项

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。comparing“比较的”；completing“完成”；compelling“引人注目的；令人信服的”；composing“起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织上周发出警告，称有“有力的证据”表明，这些孩子接受的教育质量不如他们富裕的同龄人。因此C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

LovewasintheairinaTokyoparkasnormallystaidJapanesehusbandsgatheredtoscreamouttheirfeelingsfortheirwives,promising________andextratighthugs.

问题1选项

A.attitude

B.multitude

C.gratitude

D.latitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。attitude“态度，看法”；multitude“群众，多数”；gratitude“感激”；latitude“维度，界限”。句意：在东京的一个公园里，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。平时不苟言笑的日本丈夫们聚集在一起，大声表达他们对妻子的感情，表达感激之情，并给她们一个拥抱。选项中仅C选项与feelings相关，因此符合题意。

17.单选题

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”•

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.W