2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号11

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationshirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentofbuildingsarefitfortheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseeteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthesituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallandstandardclasses,chairs,desksandtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclassesparticularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementofclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehallsitispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate——allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesamescat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

1.Deskanangementinatraditionalclassroomisassociatedwiththeideathat（

）.

2.Theexpression"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears"(inParagraph2)isintendedtoconvey

theideathat（

）.

3.Theprimarypurposeofdeskarrangementis（

）.

4.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroupmightbethat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.studentsshouldnotbeactivelearnersintheclassroom

B.itisuselessforstudentstoparticipateinclassactivity

C.theteacheristhechiefknowledgesource

D.itisimportantforstudentstoseetheblackboardclearly

问题2选项

A.collegeclassroomsoftenremindyouofyourcollegelife

B.criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago

C.ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent

D.thereisnotmuchchangeinthecollegeeducationalideasoverthepasthundredyears

问题3选项

A.fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups

B.tomakeitpossibleforthestudentstointeractwitheachother

C.fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink

D.togivestudentsopportunitiestopracticespeaking

问题4选项

A.theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat

B.learningismadecomfortableinthisway

C.theteachercaneasilyrememberthestudents'namesandfaces

D.brighterstudentscanhelptheslowerones

问题5选项

A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.Manycompaniesaretryingtoimprovetheworkingsettingsfortheiremployees.

C.Interactionbetweenstudentsisessentialinthetrainingofcriticalthinking.

D.Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher(这种安排下的假设是很明显的：所有重要信息都来自于老师)。故选C“老师是知识的主要来源”。

2.判断推理题。根据"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”定位至第二段:Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears(我们己经进入21世纪，但是踏入任何大学教室，你都会感觉至少回到100年之前),也就是大学教室和以前相比都没有多大改变。故选D“100年来，大学教育的想法都没有太多改变”。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段中“Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse(主要目的是让每个人都能见到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother(将班级分成小团队，可以为学生提供更多的交流机会)”可知B项“使学生能够相互交流”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces(:我同事允许学生在前两周的时候移动座位，直到他们发现相处融洽的团体。之后他便要求他们和同样的团队呆在同样的位置上。这不仅能创造舒适的相互交流的环境，而且能帮助他熟悉学生的名字和面孔),因此B项“这样能创造舒适的学习交流环境”正确。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是下列哪个选项不正确。文章谈论的是教室中桌椅的位置排放或者说是教室空间的恰当安排，因此A项“应该制作新类型的桌椅”不符合原文所述。

2.单选题

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

问题1选项

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年轻的夫人坚决地抗议这种污蔑。当她发现自己无力拯救保护人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起来。

考查形容词辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪异的；heinous极恶毒的，道德败坏的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，剧烈的。因此C符合句意。

3.单选题

Manycompaniesare（）toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.

问题1选项

A.hesitant

B.constant

C.luxuriant

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决，担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的，可能会受到法律诉讼。

考查形容词辨析。hesitant犹豫的，畴躇的;constant不变的，恒定的，经常的;luxuriant繁茂的，丰富的，奢华的，肥沃的；coherent连贯的，一致的，凝聚性的，粘在一起的。故A符合句意。

4.单选题

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.Inlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanother,ithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemiddleI9lhcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

问题1选项

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

问题2选项

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

问题3选项

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:AVitalLink

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheImportanceofTrainsintheAmericanEconomy

问题4选项

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

问题5选项

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem(最严重的问题是建设能承重的铁轨和开发安全、有效的（火车）制动系统),由此可知A项“质量差的铁轨和不可靠的制动系统”正确。

2.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets(在鼓励西进运动方面,铁路（即美国的第一个横贯大陆的铁路）非常重要。它通过运输原材料和快速地把产品分配到更远的市场也帮助加强了工业和农业（的发展）),由此可知A项“带来了西部工业和农业的快速发展”正确。

3.主旨大意题。第一段提出:火车成为了美国陆地交通的最好方式,第二段讲述美国第一条横贯大陆铁路系统的修建。因此B项“横贯大陆的铁路:重要的连接”适合作文章标题。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(1862年,国会授权两家西部铁路公司建设从内布拉斯加州往西和从加利福尼亚州往东到一个汇聚点的铁路线,以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸和太平洋地区的横贯大陆的铁路线),以及:Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater(这个工程的实际工作在4年后开始),以及:In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah,manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion(1869年,他们在如今犹他州一个名为普罗蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客为了这伟大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知横贯大陆的铁路线建设时间为1866—1869年,供3年,故选D。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美国东海岸）和太平洋地区（即文中指代的美国西部）的横贯大陆的铁路线),故选C“需要连接东海岸和西部”。

5.单选题

Doyouregretpayingfiftydollarsforthedog?”“No,Iwouldgladlypay（）forhim.”

问题1选项

A.asmuchtwice

B.twicesomuch

C.muchtwice

D.twiceasmuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你后悔为这条狗支付50美元不？”。“不，我乐意为了他支付双倍”。

语法题。考查倍数的表达。倍数的固定表达方式:倍数+as+形容词或副词+（as+另一比较对象）,前文己交代另一比较对象的情况下，括号中的部分可省略来避免重复,因此D正确。

6.翻译题

Apopularwayofmusteringinnovativeandfreshideasistoholdabrainstormingsession

—butaccordingtoapaperpublishedrecentlyinAppliedCognitivePsychology,thismaynotbethebestapproach.Thestudy,whichwascarriedoutbyNicholasKohnoftheUniversityofTexasatArlingtonandStevenSmithofTexasA&MUniversity,suggeststhatinsteadofenhancingcreativity.brainstoiTnin.usessionsmaygiverisetoa“collaborativefixation”oncertainideas.(1)

Inkeepingwithpreviousstudies,theauthorsfirstfoundthatparticipantsproducedfewerideasintotalwhentakingpartinabrainstormingsessionthaniftheyhadbeenworkingseparately.Thedifferencewasashighas44%inthefirst5minutesofabrainstormingsession.Theauthorsalsofoundthatwhenworkingseparatelyparticii)antsexploredagreatervarietyofideas,upto55%moreideacategoriesthandm.ingbrainstomiingsessions.(2)

Inasecondexperiment,theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsinabrainstormingsessiontendedtoconformtoideastowhichtheywereexposed,andtherateofconformityincreasedasthenumberofideasexposedincreased.(3)Theauthorswroteintheirpaper“Fixationtootherpeople’sideascanoccurunconsciouslyandleadtoyousuggestingideasthatmimicyourbrainstoniiin»partners.’’(4)Thus,youpotentiallybecomelesscreative,”Kohnexplainsinanaccompanyingpressrelease.Thisdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatyoushouldbanbrainstormingsessionsfromyourlabmeetings.Youmightjustneedtoadjusttheformat.Itseemsodd,but,dependingonwhatyouwanttoachieve,thebestapproachmightbetoputeveryoneinaseparateroom.“Assumingitisdesirabletohaveawidevarietyofideasorsolutionstoaproblem...thenoneshouldsplitthebrainstorminggroupintonon-interactingindividuals,avoidingagroupsession,”theauthorswriteintheirresearchpaper.“Ontheotherhand,ifthegoalistoexploreafewcategoriesindepth,theninteractingamongthemembersshouldbeencouraged.Also,takingabreakmighthelpalleviatefixation,leadingtoanimprovementinideation,especiallyintemisofthequantityandvarietyofideas.(5)’’

【答案】1.集体研讨会议不但没有提高创造性，反而可能在某些想法上会引起“合作的固定”。

2.作者们也发现，参与者独自工作吋会探讨出更多种类的想法，其数量比集体研讨会议上高出多达55%。

3.集体研讨会议的参与者倾向于顺应自己所接触到的想法，而这种顺应的比率随着所接触的想法数量的增加而增加。

4.“对其他人的想法的固执己见能不知不觉地发生，并且会导致你提出模仿你集体研讨会议伙伴的想法。”

5.另外，休息一下可能帮助缓和固执己见，从而导致尤其是在想法数量和种类方面的思维能力的提高。

7.单选题

Nuclearweaponsarenottheonlyexplosiveforce（）civilization.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.brightening

C.strengthening

D.threatening

【答案】D

【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆破力。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosiveforce的后置定语。frighten使惊吓,吓唬;brighten(使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen加强,巩固;threaten威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。

8.单选题

）

theafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore恢复,还原;revive复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。

9.单选题

His（）brainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.

问题1选项

A.rich

B.quick

C.productive

D.fertile

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。

考查形容词辨析。rich富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick快的,迅速的;productive生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile（土地）富饶的，肥沃的；（人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。

10.单选题

Ifyouwantthispain-killer,you’llhavetoaskthedoctorfora（）.

问题1选项

A.receipt

B.recipe

C.subscription

D.prescription

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如果你想要这个止疼药，你将不得不向医生要一个药方。

考查名词辨析。receipt收据，收条，接收，收到;recipe食谱，秘诀;subscription捐献，订阅，签署；prescription药方，指示，惯例。根据前半句句意“如果你想要这个止疼药”可知D符合句意。

11.单选题

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

问题1选项

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我们停止砍伐热带雨林的吋候了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.为固定句式,表示“是吋候某人该做某事了”,故排除C，D。B项为“必须,不得不”的过去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潜在的含义有“必须”的意思,故排除。因此答案选A。

12.单选题

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

问题1选项

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。

语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时,固定搭配turnout“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。

13.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nostitches（刀口会逢合），nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsthatusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

问题1选项

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

问题2选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments.

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

问题3选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题4选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

问题5选项

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears(后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。

2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革,文章未提及。C:来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械,由“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出:Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry，butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery(20世纪60年代，一种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam(然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。

4.细节事实题。A:只能在人眼上被成功地进行,由第二段中“Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints(这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B:导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D:对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出:Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried(曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。

5.判断推理题。最后一段说到:Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项“外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。

14.单选题

Thetwinbrothersshowedgreat（）totheirstepsister,whohadactedasamothertothemformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.compliance

B.devotion

C.subjection

D.allegiance

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这对孪生兄弟对多年来一直担任着母亲角色的异胞姐姐表现出极大的忠诚。

考查名词辨析。compliance顺从，服从；devotion忠诚，挚爱，信仰，崇拜；subjection隶属，服从，征服；allegiance效忠，忠诚。故B符合句意。

15.单选题

“Whichcoatdidyourhusbandbuy?”“Theblackone,butI（）thegreenone.”

问题1选项

A.wouldratherhavebought

B.wouldratherbuy

C.wouldhaveratherbought

D.ratherhadbought

【答案】A

【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”

语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟:wouldratherhave+done。故选A。

16.单选题

Theparty,（）Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable

问题1选项

A.bywhich

B.forwhich

C.towhich

D.atwhich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我以贵宾身份参加这个聚会,聚会极其令人愉快。

语法题。考查定语从句。空格所在句为which引导的定语从句修饰先行词party(聚会)。与party搭配的介词通常为at或in。因此选D。

17.单选题

Passengershavetopay（）chargesfortheirextralanguage.

问题1选项

A.additional

B.confidential

C.respective

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】句意:乘客不得不为自己额外的行李支付额外的费用。

考查形容词辨析。Additional附加的,额外的,外加的;confidential机密的,保密的,秘密的;respective分别的,各自的;sufficient足够的,充足的。故A符合句意。

18.单选题

Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot（）forherwork.

问题1选项

A.enoughgood

B.goodenough

C.asgoodenough

D.goodasenough

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管苏珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相对于她的工作而言却不够好。

考查固定搭配。由enough修饰形容词时一般需要放在形容词后面且不能与as结构连用。

19.单选题

Afterhavingdiscussedthematterwiththebankmanger,Peter（）receivedhisIoan.

问题1选项

A.instantly

B.instinctively

C.causally

D.inexpertly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在与银行经理讨论这件事后，Peter即刻就得到了贷款。

考查副词辨析。instantly立刻，立即，马上；instinctively本能地；causally随便地，偶然地，临吋地；inexpertly外行地，不熟练地。因此A符合句意。

20.单选题

African-Americanwomenpoetsalso（）totheliteraryachievementoftheHarlemRenaissance,particularlyintheirarticulationofrace,classandgenderissues.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.approached

C.adapted

D.elevated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:非裔美国女性诗人也对哈莱姆文艺复兴吋期的文学成就做出了贡献，尤其是她们在种族、阶级和性别问题上的表达。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。contribute贡献，出力，投稿，捐献；approach接近，着手处理；adapt使适应，改编；elevate提升，维起，振奋情绪等。

21.单选题

The（）fromAfrica’sboomingoilsalesrarelyreachesthepeoplewholivewheretheoilisproduced..

问题1选项

A.currency

B.revenue

C.tariff

D.exchange

【答案】B

【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。

考查名词辨析。Currency通货,货币,通用,流行;revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益;tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表;exchange交流,兑换。因此B符合句意。

22.翻译题

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem----hearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretelling----ofthatmuseumtrip，say----isjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根据这种理论，当他们（即成年人）飞快地“翻阅大脑文件柜”希望通过寻找童年记忆的片断来支撑这一叙事框架吋，他们找不到任何合适的记忆片断。

2.她认为，只有通过学习他人对那些经历的描述，从而将自己稍纵即逝的短期记忆变成永久性记忆，儿童才能形成持久的长期记忆。

3.例如，那些母亲在临睡前谈论一天的活动的孩子，比那些母亲不提供这种小说框架的孩子对于一天的特殊事件记住得更多。

4.纳尔逊提出，学会将记忆构成一种长期存在的叙述，是形成永久性“自传式记忆”(即构成一个人生平故事的特定记忆)的关键。

5.尤其是儿童必须认识到诸如博物馆之旅的复述恰恰也是一次出行，只不过换了一种形式，用言语替代了经历。

23.单选题

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

问题1选项

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的论据未标明，人类在这些资源的使用上能浪费得起。

考查动词辨析。resort常去，求助，诉诸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允许，承认，grantto同意给予，准予；afford给予，提供，承担得起;affordto（有条件）做，承担得起，负担得起；entitle给……称号，使……有权利。因此C符合句意。

24.单选题

Thesonofthepresidentemerged（）fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainsthimweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence.

问题1选项

A.downhearted

B.unfavorable

C.despicable

D.triumphant

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在所有指控因缺乏证据而被撤销后,总统的儿子得意洋洋地从法庭走了出来。

考查形容词辨析。downhearted没精打采的，垂头丧气的;unfavorable不宜的，令人不快的，不顺利的；despicable可耻的；triumphant成功的，得意洋详的。因此D符合句意。

25.单选题

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后，这对老夫妇现在仍然哀悼他。

考查动词辨析。cherish珍爱;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，执行；mourn哀悼，忧伤，服丧。根据句意“在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

26.单选题

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

问题1选项

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事实上，所有的资金交易都将由