Unit 1 知识重点总结讲义-高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册

外研版必修一Unitone知识重点总结一.重点词及相关短语：1.eagerness-名词热切，eager-渴望的，1beeagertodosth.2beeagerforsth--渴望得到某物2.butterfly—蝴蝶havebutterfliesinone'sstomach--情绪紧张3breathebreath呼1breathein/out-吸入/2takeadeepbreath深深吸一口气3takeone'sbreathaway4holdone'sbreath-5catchone'sbreath--屏息6loseone'sbreath-7beoutofbreath喘不过气8beshortofbreath4.exploreexplorationpressure一压力-press1putpressureonsb.2put...underpressure5.description一描写，描述一动词describe-beyonddescriptiondramadramatic戏曲challenge-挑战动词-向某人挑战challenger--挑战者，challenging1face/meet/acceptachallengeof面对…的困难achallengeto一对…的质疑achallengefrom..来自…的挑战challengesb.tosth.—4challengesb.todosth.-.calm--镇静的名词calmness-平静calmsb.down—使某人平静staycalm.confident—形容词有信心的一confidence信心haveconfidencein…对…有信心beconfidentofdoingsth.7.drama--dramatic10.debatedebaterdebateaboutdebatesth.withsb.—underdebate-beyonddebate-haveadebatewithsb.onsth—和某人10.argueargumentl)haveanargumentwithsb.2arguewithsb.一与某人3odoingsth.2) arguesb.outofdoingsth.—不做某事ll.various各种各样的，名词-varietyavarietyof…一各种各样的12.volunteer一志愿者，义务工作者形容词一voluntaryl)volunteertodosth.自愿做。。apply---申请,名词application--申请书9applicant—申请人1)applicationform…申请表2)applyfor一请求…3)applyoneselfto...——专心于…4)applyto…一适用于…5)apply...to……把..・应用于…schedule--计划表onschedulebescheduledtodosth.--预计做…bescheduledfor■…预定在…aheadofschedule--先于预定时间view1inview—2comeintoview3insb'sview--依某人看=fromsb'spointofview4inviewofviewsb./sth.・..视为16.graduate--毕业undergraduate…本科生postgraduate—sight一看到，看见1atfirstsight2atthesightof.———看见3)losesight到・.一看不见catchsightof....--看见5)insight-看得见6)outofsight-一看不见figure一以为l)figureout18.select--选择1select...for...--为…挑选…select...from.从…中挑选…3)select...as…一■选择…作为…4)select...todo…一■挑选…做…inparticularparticular一特定的beparticularrefertoreference参考，refer...to...as...--把…当作…strugglel)struggleagainstsb—2)strugglewithsb与某3struggle3struggletodosth.4struggletoone'sfeet—挣扎着站起来文中rdrn一一遍又一遍ep一醒来ht从…冲出去.n转过来into5.it'sone'sturn-一轮到某人6.makethebestof...--充分利用7.makegooduseof...--好好利用8.l.TurningaroundIsawawhite-hairedman.*现在分词可以做时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。当表的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式doing,当分词的动作发生在位于动作之前时，那么用现在分词的完成式。如：1).Standingonthebuilding,youwillhaveagoodviewofthewholecity.Hearinghercoughing,Idecidedtotakehertothehospital.Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky.2.WhenmyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom,IwassurprisedtoseethesamemanIhadmetearlier.-当我的英语老师走进教室时，我惊讶地发现，他就是我之前见到的那个人。stepintoIwasorganisingmywordsinmyheadwhenthegirlnexttomegaveanudge.一一我正在脑海里组giveanudgeSbBedoingsth.某人正在做某事，这时…Sbbeabouttodosth.when...--某人正要做…，这时…SbHadjustdonesth.When…某人刚做完・・・Ihadbeentoonervoustopayattentionwhenheintroducedhimself!主语+be+too...to…-一太…而不能…二主语+benot形容词+enoughto。。。或二主语+be+so...that...not../7如：Beforetheearthquake,thechickensinthefarmyardsweretoonervoustoeat.二・...,thechickensinthefarmyardsweresonervousthattheycouldn'teat.too...to...——too有否认词时表肯定，“非常”It'snevertoooldtolearn.—一学到老，活到老。三.语法：A)句子成分：根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。L主语S(Subject):表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当，置于句首。Theteacherwaskindandhelpful.Imissmygrandma.V(Verb):Hetalkedtoomuch.P(Predicative):表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的Helooksverytired.他看上去很累。.O(Object):stoppedhimOd(DirectObject)Oi(IndirectObject).补足语：宾语补足语:C(Complement容词等充当。Isawhimpassingthecrossing.It'salovelydog.ThavethebestwaytolearnEnglish.Ad(Adverbial):基本句型：英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依据其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。(S+Vi)Theplanedisappeared.(S+Vt.+O):这种句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。Shestoppedhim.(代词做宾语).主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)：此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动be词)。：Sheisalawyer.)**常见的系动词：(1)表感官的动词：feelsmell,taste,sound,look等。(2)表转变、变化的动词：become,get,grow,turn,go等。(3)表延续的动词：remain,keep,stay等。(4)表瞬间的动词:fall等。TheSydneyOperaHouselooksjustlikeseashells.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt.+Oi+Od):这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物"。Hegavemeaticketforthatfilm.***常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词：givetel1teachwritebringlendhandshow,offersend,paypassreturnto的宾语。Pleasehandhimapen!=Pleasehandapentohim!buy,getfetchsave,make,drawcook,sing,choose,preparespare,playfor的宾语。Herfatherboughtherapresent.=Herfatherboughtapresentforher.她的父亲给她买了一个礼物。****特别注意：带疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常见的形式，其基本句式是：主+及物+间接+疑问词+不定式：Shetoldmehowtounderstandthearticle.(S+Vt.+O+C):1)make,等如:Hefoundherfrustrated.2)使役动词如：make,let,havesee,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等。主动语态没to,被动语态有to。Wemadehimplaytheviolin.Hewasmadetoplaytheviolin.(S+Vi,+Ad).Herunsveryquickly.hadtoleavebecauseshehadsomuchhomeworktodo.状语可以放动词后，也可以放句首。如：Honestly,Ithinkheisright.(S+Vt.+O+Ad):We11holdthemeetingatthreeoclockthisafternoon.多重状语顺序：程Heplayedfootballveryhappilywithhisfatherontheplaygroundlastnight..存现句(Therebe.・.)(1Therebetherethere/到/有某事物”。(2)Therebebe外，还有:liestand,usedtobeseem