2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号20

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Oncethemonologuebegins,theKnowledgeableOnedronesonandon.TheKnowledgeableOneisafactperson.（1）

ShemaybethehistoryprofwhoknowsthedeathtollofeveryCivilWarbattle,thebiologyprofwhocandiagramallthecommonbiologicalmolecules,theaccountingprofwhoenumerateseveryclauseofthefederaltaxform.Oblivioustostudents’tiredeyesandstifledyawns,theKnowledgeableOnedelivershermonologue,dispensingonedryfactafteranother.（2）Theonlyadvantagetobeingonthereceivingendofthisboringmonologueisthatstudentsdonothavetoworryaboutbeingcalledontoquestionapointorprovideanopinion;theKnowledgeableOneisnotwillingtogiveuponeminuteofhertimebygivingstudentsavoice.Assumeforonemomentthatstudentactuallymanagestostayawakeduringthemonologueandisbraveenoughtoaskaquestion.Insuchacase,theKnowledgeableOnewilladdressthequestioningstudentas“Mr.”or“Miss.”（3）Thisformalitydoesnot,assomestudentsmistakenlysuppose,indicaterespectforthestudentasafledglingmemberoftheacademiccommunity.Notatall.ThisimpersonalityrepresentstheKnowledgeableOne’sdesiretokeepaswideadistanceaspossiblebetweenherandherstudents.

TheKnowledgeableOne’smonologuealwayscomestoacloseattheprecisesecondtheclassisscheduledtoend.（4）

NosoonerhasshedeliveredherlastforgettablewordthantheKnowledgeableOnepacksuphernotesandshootsoutthedoor,headingbacktotheprivacyofheroffice,whereshecanpursueherspecializedacademicinterestfreeofanypossibleinterruptionfromstudents.TheKnowledgeableOne’shastydeparturefromthelecturehallmakesitclearshehasnodesiretotalkwithstudents.（5）

Inhereyes,shehasmetherobligations,shehastakentimeawayfromherresearchtotransmittostudentswhatsheknow.Anyclosercontactmightmeanshewouldriskcontagionfromstudents,thatgreatunwashedmass.Suchadangeristobeavoidedatallcosts.

【答案】1.她可能是一位历史教授，知道每一场内战的死亡人数；她可能是一位生物学教授，能够绘制出所有常见生物分子的图表；也可能是能够列举联邦税表每一项条款的会计学教授。

2.成为这段无聊独白的接受者的唯一好处是，学生们不必担心被要求提出问题或发表意见；知识渊博的人不愿意放弃哪怕一分钟时间来为学生发声。

3.这种形式并不像一些学生错误地认为的那样，表明了对学生作为学术界新生成员的尊重。

4.她刚说出最后一个容易被遗忘的单词，知识渊博的那位就收拾好笔记，冲出门去，回到自己的私人办公室，在那里她可以追求自己的专业学术兴趣——没有任何学生可能的打扰。

5.在她看来，她已经履行了她的义务，她从她的研究中抽出时间把她所知道的传授给学生。

2.翻译题

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

情商(EmotionalQuotient，EQ)不是智商(IntellectualQuotient,IQ)的对立面，一些人有幸二者兼具且显丰盛，一些人则每一样都拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是他们如何互补：比如一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。他们大多同意，在成功的要素中智商占有一定的比例，其余则取决于其他的因素，从人的社会地位到运气甚至是人类进化数百万年在其大脑中形成的神经路径。

【答案】EmotionalQuotient(EQ)isnottheoppositeofanIQ.Somepeopleareluckyenoughtohavebothoftheminabundance,whileothershaveverylittleofeach.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother:Forexample,howaperson'sabilitytocopewithstressaffectstheirabilitytoconcentrateandusetheirminds.Mostagreethatintelligenceaccountsforacertainpercentageofsuccess,andtherestdependsonotherfactors,fromsocialstatustoluckandeventheneuralpathwaysthathumanshaveevolvedovermillionsofyearsintheirbrains.

3.单选题

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

问题1选项

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

问题2选项

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

问题3选项

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

问题4选项

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文节选自1923年的作品《自我与本我》。”与第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行为举止相当奇特。当人们满怀希望地与他们交谈，或对治疗的进展表示满意时，他们就会表现出不满的迹象，病情总是会恶化。”可推知D项“对弗洛伊德观点的介绍”正确。其他三项都是文中未提及的内容。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它们对治疗过程的反应是相反的。”和theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他们在治疗过程中病情恶化，而不是好转”。可知A项与B项正确，故答案为D。

3.判断推理题。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我们将正确地把这个令人沮丧的解释作为最后的解释”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.这种内疚感只表现为对恢复的抗拒，而恢复是极其难以克服的”。可知C项正确。

4.细节事实题由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要让病人相信他继续患病的动机是非常困难的，他坚持更明显的解释，即通过分析治疗并不是对他的病例的正确治疗”。可知D项正确。

4.单选题

Themaglevwillactuallyracealongaguidewayatalmost500kilometersperhour,（

）onthemagneticfield.

问题1选项

A.accelerating

B.duplicating

C.floating

D.roaring

【答案】C

【解析】考查现在分词。accelerating加速的，催化的；duplicating复制，拷贝；floating漂浮，浮动；roaring吼，叫喊。句意：磁悬浮列车将在磁场中以每小时500公里的速度沿着导轨运行。由磁悬浮列车的特点可知“它是漂浮在磁场中”，故C项符合句意。

5.单选题

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

问题1选项

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“激发；鼓舞”；B选项provoke“驱使；激怒”；C选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”；D选项satisfy“满足；说服”。句意：尽管她认为斗牛是一件严肃的事，但在绘画斗牛时，她并没有让敬意······自己的奇思异想。“敬意”与“奇思异想”在本句中应为“抑制与被抑制”的关系，才可体现句中的转折含义。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

问题1选项

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。substantiate“证实”；authenticate“鉴定”；satiate“充分满足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通过创造价值和强有力的信息，你就能让大家来到身边，而不要尝试用自己的信息和品牌让来让他们感到窒息。insteadof表转折，而不要尝试通过······可知空格处所填单词应为贬义词，故答案为D。

7.单选题

Whenhewasaccusedofbeinga（

），heretortedhewasnotaquack.

问题1选项

A.traitor

B.prodigy

C.charlatan

D.plagiarist

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项traitor“叛徒”；B选项prodigy“奇迹；奇才”；C选项charlatan“骗子”；D选项plagiarist“剽窃者；抄袭者”。句意：当他被指责为······时，他反驳说他不是庸医。后半句“他反驳自己不是庸医”对应前面，应该表示“被指责为骗子”才符合语境，因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Thespeciousargumentsusedbythe（

）werecertaintodeceivemanypeople.

问题1选项

A.candidate

B.politician

C.theologian

D.demagogue

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项candidate“候选人；应试者”；B选项politician“政客；政治家”；C选项theologian“神学者；空头理论家”；D选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动政治家”。句意：······使用的似是而非的论据肯定会欺骗许多人。句中提到“似是而非的论据”，可知正确答案为C“空头理论家”。

9.单选题

Untilaboutfiveyearsago,theveryideathatpeptidehormonesmightbemadeanywhereinthebrainbesidesthehypothalamuswasastounding-Peptidehormones,scientiststhought,weremadebyendocrineglandsandthehypothalamuswasthoughttobethebrains’onlyendocrinegland.Whatismore,becausepeptidehormonescannotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier;researchersbelievedthattheynevergottoanypartofthebrainotherthanthehypothalamus,wheretheyweresimplyproducedandthenreleasedintothebloodstream.

Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.Furthermorethismethodcannotbeusedtodeterminethelocationinthebodywherethedetectedsubstancesareactuallyproduced.

Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.Ifbraincellsaremakingthehormones,thecellswillcontainthesemRNA’s.Iftheproductsthebraincellsmakeresemblethehormonesbutarenotidenticaltothem,thenthecDNA’sshouldstillbindtothesemRNA’s,butshouldnotbindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.ThecellscontainingthesemRNA’scanthenbeisolatedandtheirmRNA’sdecodedtodeterminejustwhattheirproteinproductsareandhowcloselytheproductsresemblethetruepeptidehormones.

ThemolecularapproachtodetectingpeptidehormonesusingcDNAprobesshouldalsobemuchfasterthantheimmunologicalmethodbecauseitcantakeyearsoftediouspurificationstoisolatepeptidehormonesandthendevelopantiserumstothem.Roberts,expressingthesentimentofmanyresearchers,states:“Iwastrainedasanendocrinologist.Butitbecamecleartomethatthefieldofendocrinologyneededmolecularbiologyinput.Theprocessofgrindingoutproteinpurificationsisjusttooslow.”

If,astheinitialtestswithcDNAprobessuggest,peptidehormonesreallyaremadeinthebraininareasotherthanthehypothalamus,atheorymustbedevelopedthatexplainstheirfunctioninthebrain.Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.Anumberofotherresearchersproposethattheymightbeusedforintercellularcommunicationinthebrain.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatasubstancedetectedinbrainbyuseofantiserumstopeptidehormonesmay（

）.

3.Thepassageimpliesthat,indoingresearchonratbrains,Rosendiscoveredthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisawayinwhichtheimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesdiffersfromthemolecularmethod?

问题1选项

A.IsMolecularBiologytheKeytoUnderstandingIntercellularCommunicationintheBrain?

B.MolecularBiology:CanResearchersExploitItsTechniquestoSynthesizePeptideHormones?

C.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheImmunologicalApproachtoDetectingPeptideHormones.

D.PeptideHormones:HowScientistsAreAttemptingtoSolveProblemsofTheirDetection.

问题2选项

A.havebeenstoredinthebrainforalongperiodoftimeandtoUnderstandTheirFunction

B.playnoroleinthefunctioningofthebrain

C.havebeenproducedinsomepartofthebodyotherthanthebrain

D.playanimportantroleinthefunctioningofhypothalamus

问题3选项

A.peptidehormonesareusedforintercellularcommunication

B.complementaryDNA’sdonotbindtocellsproducingpeptidehormones

C.productscloselyresemblingpeptidehormonesarenotidenticaltopeptidehormone

D.somepeptidehormonesdonotfunctionasgrowthregulators

问题4选项

A.Theimmunologicalmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithproductsofhormone-producingcells,whereasthemolecularmethodusessubstancesthatreactwithaspecificcomponentofthecellsthemselves.

B.Theimmunologicalmethodhasproducedresultsconsistentwithlong-heldbeliefsaboutpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodhasproducedresultsthatupsetthesebeliefs.

C.Theimmunologicalmethodusesprobesthatcanonlybindwithpeptidehormones,whereasthemolecularmethodusesprobesthatbindwithpeptidehormonesandsubstancessimilartothem

D.Theimmunologicalmethodcanonlybeusedtotestforthepresenceofpeptidehormoneswithinthehypothalamus,whereasthemolecularmethodcanbeusedthroughoutthebrain.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。解答此类题必须找到文章主旨，文章第一段说到了之前关于肽激素的一些研究看法，但第二段开头就出现了转折关系词but，本文的讨论点必然是在but之后出现。第一句说到“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，这些关于肽激素的观点受到了质疑，因为一个又一个的实验室都发现，抗血清肽激素被注射进大脑后，会在下丘脑以外的地方结合，这表明要么是激素，要么是与抗血清发生交叉反应的物质。”因此下文不会讨论A选项中分子生物学与大脑间通讯，也不会研究B选项技术合成肽激素，也不是讨论C选项检测肽激素的优缺点，而是把重心放在研究肽激素的位置，及怎样去检测它的位置，因此D选项“肽激素:科学家如何试图解决他们的检测问题”符合文意。

2.判断推理题。由题干关键信息定位到文章第二段首句“Butthesebeliefsaboutpeptidehormoneswerequestionedaslaboratoryafterlaboratoryfoundthatantiserumstopeptidehormones,wheninjectedintothebrain,bindinplacesotherthanthehypothalamus,indicatingthateitherthehormonesorsubstancesthatcross-reactwiththeantiserumsarepresent.但是，这些关于肽激素的观点受到了质疑，因为一个又一个的实验室都发现，抗血清肽激素被注射进大脑后，会在下丘脑以外的地方结合，这表明要么是激素，要么是与抗血清发生交叉反应的物质。”说明这些物质是在下丘脑以外的地方结合形成的，因此C选项“是在身体的其他部位产生的，而不是大脑”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词“ratbrains”和“Rosen”定位到文章最后一段第二句“Somehavesuggestedthatthehormonesareallgrowthregulators,butRosen’sworkonratbrainsindicatesthatthiscannotbetrue.有些人认为这些激素都是生长调节剂，但Rosen对老鼠大脑的研究表明这不是真的。”Rosen的研究表明这些激素并不是生长调节剂，因此D选项“有些肽激素没有生长调节剂的功能”符合题意。

4.判断推理题。题干中提到了两个检测肽激素的方式对比，文章第二段详细说明了第一种方法“Theimmunologicalmethodofdetectingpeptidehormonesbymeansofantiserums,however,isimprecise.Cross-reactionsarepossible,andthismethodcannotdeterminewhetherthesubstancesdetectedbytheantiserumsreallyarethehormones,ormerelycloserelatives.然而，用抗血清来测定肽激素的免疫学方法是不精确的，可能产生交叉反应。而且这种方法不能确定抗血清检测到的物质是否真的是激素，有可能仅仅是近亲。”免疫学的方法是用能和产生激素的细胞的产物发生反应的物质检测。第二个方法的描述出现在第三段中“Newtechniquesofmolecularbiology,however,provideawaytoanswerthesequestions.ItispossibletomakespecificcomplementaryDNA’s(CDNA’s)thatcanserveasmolecularprobestoseekoutthemessengerRNA’s(mRNA’s)ofthepeptidehormones.然而，分子生物学的新技术为这些问题提供了答案。科学家可以制造出特异的(specific)互补DNA’s(CDNA’s)，以此作为分子探子(molecularprobe)，探觅出肽激素的信使RNA’s(mRNA’s)。”此处说的“问题”就是第一种方法中说到的“近亲”问题，分子生物学的新技术可以用能和细胞本身的某个特定成分发生反应的物质来检测。因此A选项“免疫学方法使用与产生激素的细胞产生反应的物质，而分子方法使用与细胞自身特定成分发生反应的物质”符合文意。

10.单选题

Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings,inthisparticularexperimentsheletanumberof（

）resultsslipby.

问题1选项

A.anomalous

B.salient

C.redundant

D.verifiable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。anomalous异常的；不恰当的；不一致的；salient显著的；跳跃的；redundant多余的；累赘的；verifiable可证实的；可检验的。句意：她经常最先发现与其他调查结果不一致的数据，不过在这个特殊的试验中她却让一些不一致的结果溜走了。由Usuallythefirsttospotdatathatwereinconsistentwithotherfindings可知A项正确。

11.单选题

Someworksofliteratureholdone’sinterestintheverylastpage,butothersservesonlyasa（

）,tobekepthandilyatabedsidetable.

问题1选项

A.reminder

B.reference

C.decoration

D.soporific

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder提醒者；reference参考书，参考文献；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。

12.单选题

Blusterywindsknockedoffhatsandrattledwindows,andtheadventurousboyswere（

）.

问题1选项

A.terrified

B.delighted

C.exclamatory

D.deceitful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。terrified恐惧的；delighted高兴的，快乐的；exclamatory叫喊的；deceitful骗人的。句意：狂风吹落了帽子，震得窗户格格作响，那些大胆的孩子们觉得好玩。由theadventurousboys“喜欢冒险的孩子”可知这些孩子喜欢这样的场景，他们很开心。

13.单选题

Whilemanypeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonotcountenancesuchalternativetreatments,（

）conventionalmedicaltreatmentsinstead.

问题1选项

A.relyingon

B.envisioning

C.eschewing

D.turningfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。relyon依靠，依赖；envision想象，预想；eschew避免，避开；turnfrom对······感到厌恶。句意：尽管很多人利用顺势疗法治疗健康问题，另外一些人并不满意于这样的替代治疗，相反他们依赖于传统的医疗方法。由前后句关系可知，A项符合题意。

14.单选题

Amanwhocannotwinhonorinhisownagewillhaveaverysmallchanceofwinningitfrom（

）.

问题1选项

A.posterity

B.immigrants

C.critics

D.improvisation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项posterity“子孙；后裔”；B选项immigrant“移民”；C选项critics“评论家；批评者”；D选项improvisation“即兴创作；即席演奏”。句意：一个在他这个年龄不能赢得荣誉的人，从······获得荣誉的机会很小。前半句提到“他这个年龄”，因此空格处出词语应与“时间、年龄相关”。综合句意可知，A选项符合句意。

15.单选题

Thehumanintelligencethatcreatedindustrialcivilizationnowhastheassignmentofmakingthatcivilization（

）man’sbasicprerequisites.

问题1选项

A.compatiblewith

B.warrantablefor

C.assignableto

D.reducibleto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。compatiblewith“与······兼容的；与······和谐相处的”；warrantablefor“对······是可担保的”；assignableto“分配到”；reducibleto“简化为；归于”。句意：如今，创造工业文明的人类智慧的任务是让文明与人类的基本先决条件和谐相处。由“industrialcivilization”与“man’sbasicprerequisites”可知A项符合语境，故A项正确。

16.单选题

TheMarinesattackedthesouthbeachatdaybreak;（

）asadiversionarymaneuver,acompanylandedonthenorthsideoftheisland.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.later

C.simultaneously

D.subsequently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项previously“以前；预先”；B选项later“后来；稍后”；C选项simultaneously“同时地”；D选项subsequently“随后；后来”。句意：海军陆战队在黎明时袭击了南海滩；······作为转移注意力的策略，一个连在岛的北侧登陆。上一句说的“开始攻击南边”与空格处的“在北边登陆”应同时进行，否则失去了转移注意力的意义。因此C选项符合题意。

17.单选题

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas（

）astheywerecontroversial.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；thoughtful“深思的；体贴的”；subjective“主观的；自觉的”；commonplace“平凡的；普通的”。句意：即使是那些不同意卡门观点的人，也很少指责她的表达，因为卡门所采取的立场如同有争议那样让人深思。由controversial可知，既然该立场有争议，所以引人深思。故B项符合题意。

18.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

OnefactorwhichmusthavegreatrelevancehereistheundeniablecircumstancethatthefeudalismofEuropeandChinawerefundamentallydifferent.（1）Europefeudalismwasmilitary-aristocratic:thepeasantryweregovernedbytheknightsintheirmanors,andtheyinturnweresubjecttothebaronsintheircastles,whilethekinginhispalaceruledoverall.Intimeofwarheneededthehelpofthelowerranksinthefeudalhierarchywhowereboundtorallytohimwithstatednumbersofmen-at-arms.HowdifferentwasthefeudalismofChina,longveryjustifiablydescribedasbureaucratic.（2）

ModemresearchisshowingthatthebureaucraticorganizationofChinainitsearlierstagesstronglyhelpedsciencetogrow;onlyinitslateronesdiditforciblyinhibitfurthergrowth，andinparticularpreventedabreakthroughwhichhasoccurredinEurope.Forexample,noothercountryintheworldatthebeginningoftheeighthcenturyADcouldhavesetupameridianarcsurveystretchingfromsouthtonorthsome2500miles.（3）Norcouldithavemountedanexpeditionatthattimetogoandobservethestarsofthesouthernhemispheretowithin

20°Cdegrees

ofthesouthcelestialpole;norindeedwouldithavewantedto.

（4）Itmaywellbethatasimilarpatternwillappearinthefuturewhenthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine,forallthegreatclassicalliterarycultures,suchasIndiaorSriLanka,comestobewrittenandgatheredin.Europehasenteredintotheirinheritance,producinganecumenicaluniversalscienceandtechnologyvalidforeverymanandwomanonthefaceoftheearth.OnecanonlyhopethattheshortcomingsofthedistinctivelyEuropeantraditionsinothermatterswillnotdebauchthenon-Europeancivilizations.（5）

Forexample,thesciencesofChinaandofIslamneverdreamedofdivorcingsciencefromethics,butwhenatheScientificRevolutionthefinalcauseofAristotlewasdoneawaywith,andethicschasedoutofscience,thingsbecameverydifferent,andmoremenacing.Thiswasgoodinsofarasitclarifiedanddiscriminatedbetweenthegreatformsofhumanexperience,butverybadanddangerouswhenitopenedthewayforevilmentousethegreatdiscoveriesofmodemscienceandactivitiesdisastrousforhumanity.

【答案】1.欧洲的封建主义是军事贵族式的：农民由庄园里的骑士统治，他们反过来又受制于城堡里的男爵，而国王在他的宫殿里统治着一切。

2.现代研究表明，中国早期的官僚组织有力地促进了科学的发展；其后期则严重抑制了科学的进步，尤其阻碍了中国像欧洲那样的突飞猛进的发展。

3.在当时也没有哪个国家有能力组织一支远征队去南半球探险，对南极20度范围内的星星进行观察，确实也没有哪个国家想那么做。

4.很可能是类似的模式将会出现在未来的历史科学、技术和医学、伟大的古典文学文化，如印度或斯里兰卡，编写和收集。

5.例如，中国的科学和伊斯兰教的科学从来没有想过要把科学从伦理中分离出来，但是当科学革命结束了亚里士多德的最终目标，伦理被驱逐出科学时，事情变得非常不同，而且更具威胁性。

19.单选题

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

问题1选项

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。

20.单选题

Aninnovator,ballerinaAugustaMaywoodwas（

）atravelingcompany.

问题1选项

A.toformthefirst

B.thefirsttoform

C.whoformedthefirst

D.formingthefirst

【答案】B

【解析】考查序数词的用法。句意：作为一个改革者，芭蕾舞女演员AugustaMaywood是第一个成立旅游公司的人。由句意及序数词的用法可知B项正确。The+序数词+todosth。

21.单选题

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

问题1选项

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通过的；费解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的。句意：第一次世界大战开始于行话和精致言语的环境中，然后像语言和文学在巧妙地使用的情况下可以做到的那样继续于费解的委婉语的阴云中。从continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉语的阴云中）可知B项“费解的”符合题意。

22.写作题

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“ScienceandArts:theIntegrationintheDisciplineResearched"accordingtotheideagivenbelowandoutlineinChinese.

科学和艺术是促进人类社会发展的两个翅膀，一个强调严谨，客观，深遂而锲而不舍地探究自然和社会的内在构架和发展路径，一个表现华丽，张扬，丰富多彩而魅力四射地展示着人们独具的感知和想象的梦境。两者各具不同的特点但却互相关联着，在学术研究中，注重科学活动过程的科学性和艺术性的这种相辅相成也会为我们的不同专业研究带来绚丽而又实诚的果实。请你结合自己的学科专业研究实际的例证，谈谈研究活动中科学性和艺术性关系会对自己未来发展的影响作用。

1）科学和艺术定义及其相辅相成的关系。

2）本专业学术研究中的科学性和艺术性相辅相成的特点。

3）用实例说明两者结合会为我的专业发展和研究带来重要的突破和发展。

【答案】略

23.单选题

Prehistoricpeoplemadepaintsbygrindingcoloredmaterials（

）intopowderandaddingwater.

问题1选项

A.ifvegetationandclay

B.howvegetationandclay

C.thatvegetationandclayare

D.suchasvegetationandclay

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。分析选项可知vegetationandclay（植物和泥土）属于coloredmaterials，所以空格处所填单词应该是对有色材料的举例，故D项正确。句意：史前的人们通过将彩色材料诸如植被和黏土研成粉末再加水的方式来制作绘画颜料。

24.单选题

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

问题1选项

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aspiration“渴望；抱负”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞”；C选项attraction“吸引力；引力”；D选项tenacity“韧性；固执”。句意：买房买车已经成为新一代白领的······，当然还有去国外度假。句中的“买房买车”、“去国外度假”符合“渴望”的内容。因此A选项正确。

25.单选题

Amajorgoaloflawofanycountry,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

问题1选项

A.serious

B.coercive

C.deceptive

D.credible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。serious“严肃的；危急的”；coercive“强制的；胁迫的”；deceptive“欺骗性；虚伪的”；credible“可靠的”。句意：当惩罚很少被执行，因而它已经不再是一种可靠的震慑时，任何国家法律的主要目标一一通过惩罚做坏事的人来阻止潜在的犯罪就没有得到保证。由关键词Amajorgoalisnotserved.可知法律不再是一种有效的震慑。D项符合语义。

26.单选题

Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.

ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;itsdevelopment,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940’sbecausethedevelopmentoftheelectronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Duringthe1940’s,electronmicroscopesroutinelyachievedresolutionbetterthanthatpossiblewithavisible-lightmicroscope,whiletheperformanceofX-raymicroscopesresistedimprovem