2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号80

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

问题1选项

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Theincreaseinstudentnumbers（）manyproblemsfortheuniversities.

问题1选项

A.forces

B.presses

C.provides

D.poses

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指木桥承受不了卡车的重量，选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

I（）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.insist

B.confirm

C.assure

D.ensure

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。sb.confirmthat证实；assuresb.that...向某人保证；sb.ensurethat...确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。

6.单选题

问题1选项

A.sentup

B.sentoff

C.sentout

D.sentin

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。sendup使上升；sendoff寄出，派遣；sendout发送；sendin递送，呈报。根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.

问题1选项

A.equally

B.individually

C.sufficiently

D.proportionally

【答案】B

【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。

9.单选题

Althoughthestudyofgeneticsisanentirelynewfield,it（）mankindformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.hascombined

B.hasinterestedin

C.hasinvolved

D.hasfascinated

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：虽然遗传学研究是一个全新的领域，但它多年来一直吸引着人类。选项A和C不符合句意；选项B的主语是人，不符合句意；只有选项D符合语境。

10.单选题

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

问题1选项

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。inasadplight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。

11.写作题

Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.

【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education12.单选题

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】C

【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

TheirsigningofthetreatywasregardedasaconspiracyagainsttheBritishCrown.

问题1选项

A.secretplan

B.boldattack

C.cleverdesign

D.jointeffort

【答案】A

【解析】形+名词组辨析。conspiracy指阴谋。secretplan秘密计划；boldattack大胆的攻击；cleverdesign聪明的设计，为褒义词，不符合语境；jointeffort共同努力。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。

14.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。

15.单选题

Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.

问题1选项

A.completed

B.compiled

C.collated

D.contested

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。complete完成compiled编译的collate核对，校对contest竞赛，争夺。句意：财务报表是一种编译好的财务报告或记录。通常以季度或年度为单位，给个人，企业单位或商户提供财务报告。空格处所填单词为形容词做后置定语修饰reportorrecord。答案B。

16.写作题

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,17.单选题

Theinstructionsonhowtousethenewmachine（）thatnobodyseemedtobeabletounderstand.

问题1选项

A.wereverysimplistic

B.wasveryconfused

C.weresoconfusing

D.wassosimplistic

【答案】C

【解析】根据下文句意，没人能理解，首先排除选项A和D；confused的主语是人；confusing的主语是物。本句的主语是instructions，所以选项C正确。

18.单选题

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。

19.单选题

Terroristsmurderandkidnappeople,（）bombs,hijackairplanes,setfires,andcommitotherseriouscrimes.

问题1选项

A.lightup

B.setoff

C.plantin

D.ignite

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。lightup照亮，点亮;setoff使爆炸;plantin把…种入…中，把灌输给；ignite点燃，使燃烧。根据句意可知，此处指引爆炸弹，只有选项B符合句意。

20.单选题

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指任何故事或普通生活都无法与之相匹敌。选项C与划线部分意思最为接近。

21.单选题

Thegangderivedtheirnicknamefromtheirdarkclothingandblackedupfacesfornocturnalraidsintheforest.

问题1选项

A.illegal

B.night-time

C.brutal

D.abusive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据darkclothing和blackedupfaces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal指夜间的，选项B与之意思相近，正确。

22.写作题

Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETII.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam:

Thepurposeofthisletteristomakesomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.IthasdevelopedverywelloverthelastfewyearsinprovidingaccesstocomputersandCDROM’s,printingfacilities,andfreeonlineaccess.However,ourlibrarywillbecomebetterifitcanmakesomeprogressonfollowingmeasures.

Firstofall,thestaffmembersofthelibraryarenotashospitableasexpected.Someofthemevenkeepastonefaceinfrontofthestudents.Furthermore,thestudyingroomshouldprovidemoreseats,becauseitisnotspaciousenoughandIalwayshavetospendalongtimetofindmyselfaseat.Lastbutnotleast,mostundergraduatestudentscomplainthattheycanonlyborrowtwoitemsforatime.Thefiguresshouldbeincreasedtoatleastfiveduetostudyingneeds.

Isincerelywishthatmyadvicewouldbetakenintofullaccount.Yourearlyreplyisappreciated.

YoursSincerely,23.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（

）

patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据关键词“but”可知前后表达的意思应该相反，由此可推断填空处应该与“goodwill”意思相反，选项B更符合原文语境。

24.单选题

（）thegiftinbeautifulgreenpaper,Sarahdepartedfortheparty.

问题1选项

A.Havingwrapped

B.Towrap

C.Wrap

D.Wrapping

【答案】A

【解析】这里是动词的现在分词作伴随状语，根据主句的时态可知，本句应用现在完成时。所以选项A正确。

25.翻译题

但是，对于所有的正在进行的激动人心的工作而言，科学远没有达到一个能塑造完美的人或者甚至一个完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治疗普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果许多疾病真的可以治疗的话，那将花上数十年的时间。

就短期而言，基因筛选将是运用新技术的最可行的办法。医生们能在治疗各种DNA缺陷之前检测到它们。在某些情况下，这些信息可以延缓疾病的发作或是减轻它的病症。例如，一个有着遗传性易患心脏病体质的人可以进行低脂肪的饮食。如果科学家由于制造一种重要蛋白质的基因存在缺陷从而导致这种蛋白质失去的话，也许科学家就可以给这位病人提供人工蛋白质。然而，在其他的情况下，对于阻止由于基因突变而导致的不幸几乎无能为力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

26.单选题

He（）himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

问题1选项

A.repealed

B.resented

C.replayed

D.reproached

【答案】D

【解析】reproachsb.forsth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。

27.单选题

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

问题1选项

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

问题2选项

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

问题3选项

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

问题4选项

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

问题5选项

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。

5.根据原文内容可知，AllanBakke挑战的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”选项A正确。

28.单选题

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与…相连”；berelevantto意为“与…有关的”。选项D符合语境。

29.单选题

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（

）.

问题1选项

A.personality

B.temperament

C.interest

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。Nationaltemperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。

30.单选题

Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleofferspracticalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.

Oneapplicationofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademicactivities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspans,sothelengthoftimetheycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduledtolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.However,atthestartoftheschoolyear,attentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.ToapplyGuthrie’stheory,ateachermight,atthestartoftheyear,limitactivitiesto15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincreasethetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.

Thethresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.Whenchildrenfirstlearntoformletters,theirmovementsareawkwardandtheylackfinemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposelywidesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlinesisinitiallyintroduced,students’letterswouldspilloverthebordersandstudentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithinthelargerborders,theycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefinetheirskills.

Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhendiscipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacrosstheroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroom,givethemalargestackofpaper,andtellthemtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthestudentshavemadeseveralairplanes,theactivityshouldloseitsattractionandpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.

Somestudentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysicaleducationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethod,theteachermightdecidetohavethesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshasbegun.

Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatiblewithtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofindinterestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudentsfindthebooksenjoyable,themediacenterwill,overtime,becomeacueforselectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithotherstudents.

Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfallasleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhilelecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelementsintoeachlesson,suchasexperiments,videotapes,anddebates,inanattempttoinvolvestudentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexampleofapplyingthethresholdmethod?

4.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevision,peopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewing,painting,workingcrosswordpuzzles,andsoforth.Overtime,watchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample?

5.Wecandrawtheconclusionfromthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.inform

B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate

问题2选项

A.educatingstudents

B.alteringbadhabits

C.avoidingundesiredaction

D.forminggoodhobbies

问题3选项

A.Parentsintroducespinachinsmallbitesormixedwithafoodthatthechildenjoysovertimesothatthechildwillnotrefusetoeatit.

B.Teachersintroduceacademiccontentinshortblocksoftimeforyoungchildrenandgraduallyincreasesessionlengthbutnottowherestudentsbecomefrustratedorbored.

C.Paperwithwiderlinesisfirstusedandthenpaperwithnarrowlinesisintroducedstepbysteptohelpchildrenlearnprintingandhandwriting.

D.Achildmightbemadetothrowtoysuntilitisnolongerfunbyhisparentsinordertochangehisbehaviorofrepeatedlythrowingtoys.

问题4选项

A.Thethresholdmethod.

B.Thefatiguemethod.

C.Theincompatibleresponsemethod.

D.Thepunishmentmethod

问题5选项

A.theincompatibleresponsemethodistoforcechildtomakeunwantedresponserepeatedlyinpresenceofstimulusuntilheorshebecomesexhausted

B.thethresholdmethodreferstointroducingundesiredbehaviorwitharesponseincompatiblewiththeundesiredresponsesotheycannotbeperformedsimultaneously

C.thefatiguemethodmeansthatengaginginthebehavioristransformedintoavoidingitbyintroducingthestimulusatfullstrengthsoitbecomesacuefornotperformingit

D.thefatiguemethodisthatinpresenceofstimulusteachershavechildrenmakeresponseincompatiblewithunwantedresponse

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。首先，原文第一句话说到：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议。在接下来的内容中主要是阐述是如何应用这个原则，并且提到了几种方法，由此我们可以推断，文章的目的主要是向我们阐述这些方法，所以本题选项D正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容：Guthrie的接触原则为如何打破习惯提供了实用的建议。所以这三种方法是为了打破习惯，也就是改变坏的习惯，选项B符合原文。

3.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知，选项D属于“thefatiguemethod”而不是“thethresholdmethod”。所以本题选D。

4.细节判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.”不契合反应法适用于在面对传播媒体时讲话和行为不端的学生。看电视属于面对媒体的行为，所以选项C正确。

5.细节推理题。选项A描述的是“疲劳法”而不是“不契合反应法”，所以不正确；选项B指的是“不契合反应法”而不是“阈值法”，也不正确；选项D描述的是“不契合反应法”而不是“疲劳法”，不正确。所以，只有选项C表述正确。

31.单选题

Todayscientistshaveagreaterunderstandingofgeneticsanditsrolein（）organisms.

问题1选项

A.live

B.life

C.living

D.alive

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析。live活的，实况转播的;life生活;living活的，现存的，逼真的；alive活着的，有生气的。句意：现如今科学家们对遗传学及其在生物体中的作用有了更深入的了解。填空处修饰organisms，选项C正确且符合句意。

32.翻译题

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefrom,thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,times,andplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone’santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.ThisistrueinFrance,andisabsolutelytrueinEngland:Therange(andreign)ofaccentsonthatdamplittleislandmakeEnglandcoherentfortheEnglishandtotallyincomprehensibleforeveryoneelse.ToopenyourmouthinEnglandis(ifImayuseblackEnglish)to“putyourbusinessinthestreet”:Youhaveconfessedyourparents,youryouth,yourschool,yoursalary,yourself-esteem,and,alas,yourfuture.

【答案】不言而喻，语言也是一种政治工具、手段和力量的象征。对于身份而言语言是极其形象并且至关重要的，因为它可以透露个人的身份，也可以将个人与公众或公共的身份联系起来或与其分离开。在某些时间或地点讲某种语言可能是危险的，甚至是致命的。这种情况过去发生过，现在也存在。或者某人可能讲一种语言，但是这样就会泄露自己的身份，也可能像他所希望的那样而隐瞒。这种情况在法国如此，在英国尤其如此：在这片湿气袭人的小岛上，英式口音的影响及统治范围使英国仅与带有英国口音的英国人和谐共存，却不适合其他人在此生活。在英国开口说英语（如果我可以使用黑人英语）相当于把你的全部都公之于众，包括你的父母、青年时期、所受的教育、薪水、自尊，天啊，甚至你的未来都被一览无余。

33.单选题

Theterroristskidnappedthedirectorofthecompanyanddemandedalargesumsofmoneyforhis（）.

问题1选项

A.liberty

B.relief

C.relaxation

D.release

【答案】D

【解析】上下文语义。句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。选项D符合句意。

34.单选题

Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatall（）totheflowofideasshallberemoved.

问题1选项

A.prophecies

B.transactions

C.arguments

D.hindrances

【答案】D

【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。

35.单选题

Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.

问题1选项

A.somuch

B.somany

C.toofew

D.afew

【答案】A

【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。

36.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeand