2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号35

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Manymembersofthewomen’sliberationmovementadvocatethatmenshould（）someoftheresponsibilitiesofchildcareandhouseholdwork.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.taketo

C.takein

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeup“拿起，占据，开始从事”；taketo“喜欢，走向”；takein“吸收，领会”；takeon“承担，呈现，穿上”。句意：许多妇女解放运动的成员主张男人应该承担一些照顾孩子和做家务的责任。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reproduce“繁殖，复制”;reflect“反映，表现”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，设想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。选项B符合题意。句意：文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。

3.单选题

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

问题1选项

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；与……有密切相关”；recognize表示“承认，认可”，常与as构成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被认为，被当作”，有时也与with构成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被识别出，被承认”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知晓（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承认，被认可”。根据句意可知，因为他们曾经在同所大学中学习过，所以彼此很熟悉。此时since引导原因状语从句，因此，只有C项最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.单选题

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

问题1选项

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项meal“一顿饭”；B选项banquet“宴会，盛宴”；C选项refreshment“饮料，小食”；D选项snack“点心，小吃”。句意：玛丽和约翰正忙着为他们的婚宴找一家酒店。根据“wedding”可知这里应该选用一个比较正式的词，故选B项，表示“婚宴”。

5.单选题

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare（）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

问题1选项

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer“参考，涉及"；perceive“理解，认知”;recommend“推荐，介绍”;presume“假定，推测”。句意：研究发现，那些有更多眼神交流的求职者会给人更机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s（）.

问题1选项

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“优秀策划者，幕后操纵者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根据句意：《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是达•芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。onone’sheels是固定短语，意思是“紧随其后”。选项D符合题意。句意：小偷到处逃窜，当地警察穷追不舍。

8.单选题

Thethievesdidn’tknowthattheyweredeceiveduntilthefakediamondturnedouttobe（）.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.valueless

C.invaluable

D.priceless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项valuable“很重要的;宝贵的;”；B选项valueless“没有价值的;不值钱的”；C选项invaluable“极有用的;极宝贵的”；D选项priceless“无价的;极珍贵的”。句意：直到最后发现那颗假钻石毫无价值，窃贼才知道自己上当受骗了。根据关键词“假钻石”可知B符合句意。

9.单选题

AlltheslavesinUSAwere（）afterthecivilwar.

问题1选项

A.arrested

B.abandoned

C.manumitted

D.magnified

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项arrest“逮捕；（司法机关）扣留（船只）”；B选项abandon“遗弃；离开”；C选项manumit“解放；释放”；D选项magnify“放大；赞美”。句意：美国内战结束后，所有奴隶都被释放。因此C符合题意。

10.单选题

Lawyersemergedfrom（）intheeighteencenturytobecomekeymembersofthecommercialcolonies.

问题1选项

A.prominence

B.obscurity

C.significance

D.originality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prominence“突出，显著”；obscurity“朦胧，晦涩，身份低微”；significance“意义，重要性”；originality“创意，创造力”。句意：18世纪，律师从默默无闻一跃成为商业殖民地的重要成员。此处需要注意题干中的“from...to...”，说明有转变，to后面是“重要成员”，而能体现这一转变的选项为Bobscurity。

11.单选题

BydrinkingtoomuchCoke,herteethwereruinedandshehadtowearasetof（）teethatthirty.

问题1选项

A.supernatural

B.superficial

C.artificial

D.superstitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。supernatural“超自然的，神奇的，不可思议的”；superficial“表面的，肤浅的”；artificial“人造的，仿造的，虚伪的”；superstitious“迷信的”。根据关键词ruined可知他的牙已经毁坏了，因此需要戴假牙，选项C符合题意。句意：由于喝了太多可乐，她的牙齿被毁坏了，不得不三十岁就戴上了假牙。

12.单选题

DuringtheWorldWarIImanyfamousscientistssoughtandreceivedpolitical（）intheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.influence

B.persecution

C.shelter

D.oppression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项influence“影响；势力”；B选项persecution“迫害；烦扰”；C选项shelter“庇护；避难所”；D选项oppression“压抑；镇压”。句意：第二次世界大战期间，许多著名的科学家在美国寻求并得到了政治……。战争期间，科学家们寻求的必然是“政治庇护”，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

ProfessorSmithandBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

问题1选项

A.differ

B.alternate

C.change

D.alter

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。differ“与……不同”；alternate“交流，轮流，交替发生”；change“改变”；alter“改变，更改，修改”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授轮流上课。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Asacommander,youshouldnot（）thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.

问题1选项

A.express

B.explode

C.exploit

D.expose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达，快递”。B选项explode“爆炸，爆发”。C选项exploit“开发，开拓”。D选项expose“揭露，暴露”。句意：作为一名指挥官，你不应该让士兵们去冒不必要的危险。本句表示“士兵暴露在危险中”，即让士兵去冒险。因此D选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Itissuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould（）informationontheirfinancialinterests.

问题1选项

A.discover

B.uncover

C.tell

D.disclose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。discover“发现，探索”；uncover“发现；揭示”；tell“告诉；说；辨别”；disclose“公开，揭露”。句意：政府部长被建议公开揭露他们的经济利益。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

问题1选项

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指战败而屈服；confirm“确认，证实”，一般指通过提供证据证明或表明某事物（绝对）正确；submit“服从，提交”，一般指放弃抵抗，愿意服从对方；conform“符合，遵守”，侧重于以同一群体或社会中大多数人的相同方式行动和思考。句意：他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。这里的关键词是“idea”，所以选项D最恰当。

17.单选题

Thereisno（）whateverforthemannerinwhichyoubehavedfoolishlyattheEnglishparty.

问题1选项

A.jurisdiction

B.justification

C.judgment

D.junction

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项jurisdiction“司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限”；B选项justification“理由；辩护；认为有理”；C选项judgment“判断；裁判；判决书”；D选项junction“连接；交叉点；接合点”。句意：你在英语晚会上的愚蠢行为根本就没有……。此处表示“愚蠢行为”是无理的，B选项符合句意要求。

18.单选题

Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite（）.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.artificial

C.arbitrary

D.mechanical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。C选项arbitrary“任意的，武断的，是由偶然、一时兴致或冲动而非由必然、推理决定的。A选项artistic“艺术的，风雅的”。B选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。D选项mechanical“机芯的，自动的”。句意：我不知道所涉及的关键所在，所以我的选择很随意。因此C选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。acknowledge表示“承认，答谢”；afford表示“提供，供应得起”；allowfor“考虑到；顾及”；accountfor“对……负有责任”。句意：考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站可能需要20分钟。

20.单选题

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

问题1选项

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆，征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。

21.单选题

Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeonthewoodenstairsthathotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotatallman.Buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesungodownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,astreetthatIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.

Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirlsdancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasItriedtotargettheholewithmyfinger.I,cladinacoolsummernight,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorsofthenextonetoturnthecorner:

Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances,thefourthbornofsixchildren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobabybrotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnotallowedtogo.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.Mygrandfatherwasbabysittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.

“Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.

“Yes”,wasmyreply.

“HowwouldyouliketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”

Icouldn’tbelievemyears.HadIhearditright?Washetalkingtome?Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.AfewtantalizingsipswasallIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottle.

“Okay.”Irepliedshyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouldgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpawasgoingtocomewithme.

Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Icouldhearthefamiliarjanglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarried.Openinghisfist,heexposedamoundofsilvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollarsthere.Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup.

“Okay.”Hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb,“I’mgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies,I’lltellyouwhenit’ssafetocross.YougoovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitformetotellyouwhenit’ssafetocrossback.”

Myheartpounded.Iclutchedmydimetightlyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.

Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.Togetherwelookedupthestreetanddown,andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldmeitwassafetocross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrunbefore.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,standingexactlywherelefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved.

“Goon,hurryup,”heyelled.

MyheartpoundedwildlyasIwalkedinsidethedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar.IheardtheCoca-ColamachinemotorhummingevenbeforeIsawit.Iwalkeddirectlytothebigoldred-whitedispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeandhadfantasizedaboutmomentmanytimes.

Thebigoldmonstergreedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottlesshift.OntiptoesIreachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowofthickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectlyatme,andicecoldfromtherefrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotheroneimmediatelytookitsplace.Thebottlewascoldinmysweatyhands.Iwillneverforgetthefeelingofthecoolglassonmyskin.Withtwohands,Ipositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboltedtothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedintoretrieveit.Itwascoldandbentinthemiddle,outIknewIneededtohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintotheearlyeveningdusk.Grandpawaswaitingpatiently.Hesmiled.

“Stoprightthere”,heyelled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,Grandpasteppedoffthecurb.“Comeon,now”hesaid,“run.”Idid.Coolbrownfoamsprayedmyhands.“Don’teverdothatalone,”hewarned,Iheldthecokebottletightly;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoacup,ruiningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn’t.Onelongswallowofthecoldbeveragecooledmysweatingbody.Idon’tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.

1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecaninferthat（）.

2.Bysaying“Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances”inthethirdparagraph,theauthormeans（）.

3.Theauthor’sgrandpawasdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhisGrandpawas（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.theauthorwouldpreferplayingwithhisthreeoldersiblingstostayingwithhisgrandpa

B.theywerelivinginthesuburbswheretherewerenottoomuchtrafficontheroad.

C.thegrandpawasalwaystheonetobabysitfortheauthorandhissiblings.

D.theauthorenjoyedthetimethathespentwithhisgrandpa.

问题2选项

A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomake

B.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedtodo

C.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthbornofsixchildren

D.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoconsiderdifferentcircumstances

问题3选项

A.considerate

B.stingy

C.careful

D.kind

问题4选项

A.close

B.remote

C.tense

D.impossibletotell

问题5选项

A.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorcrossedthestreetbyhimself

B.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorwentinthatgarage

C.TheauthorboughttheCoca-Colafromavendingmachine.

D.Theauthor’sgrandpakeptaneyeonhimthewholetime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们可以从前面三段中得出什么结论？”文章第三段提到我没有被允许同三个哥哥姐姐一起玩，只能跟爷爷待一起，而这正是我愿意的（IwaswhereIwantedtobe），由此可以看出我愿意跟爷爷待在一块，选项D符合题意。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第三段中提到‘我左右为难’，意味着什么？”文章第三段提到“我”在六个孩子中排行第四，所以很多事情他要么太大，要么太小，处于中间，因此选项C符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于爷爷的描述哪项不正确？”文章第七段提到爷爷给作者买可乐，由于家庭条件一般，作者对爷爷给他买可乐这个举动表示惊讶（Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet），因此可以看出爷爷不是一个吝啬的人，因此选项B符合题意。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文中我们可以看出作者与他爷爷的关系怎么样？”文章提到作者喜欢跟爷爷待在一起，爷爷会给他买可乐可以看出两人的关系是比较亲密的，因此选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，下列哪个选项是错误的？”文章倒数第三段提到我以前和父亲一起进过车库，周围的环境比较熟悉（Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather,mysurroundingswerefamiliar），由此可知他不是第一次去车库，因此选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

问题3选项

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

问题4选项

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

问题5选项

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(细长的火药引线)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2题:2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3题:3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。

第4题:4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。

第5题:5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“populationproblem（人口问题）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即对应growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A选项正确。

23.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项confess表示“坦白；承认；供认”，B选项declare表示“宣布，申明，宣称”，D选项confirm表示“确认，确定，核实”，C选项claim表示“宣称，要求，索赔”。由句意可知，新同事宣称，他进入我们公司之前，在一些大公司里工作过。空缺处单词需与介词to构成搭配，因此本题正确答案为C选项。

24.单选题

TheheadoftheMuseumwas（）andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.

问题1选项

A.promising

B.agreeing

C.pleasing

D.obliging

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项promising表示“有希望的；有前途的”，B选项agreeing表示“赞成，同意”，C选项pleasing表示“令人高兴的，合意的”，D选项obliging表示“亲切友善的，乐于助人的”。由后文可知，博物馆负责人让我们查阅了那些古代的手抄本，所以他应该是亲切友善的，故本题正确答案为D选项。

25.单选题

Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean（）.

问题1选项

A.abortion

B.accident

C.adventure

D.alarm

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。abortion"流产，计划（失败）”;accident“事故，意外”;adventure“冒险”；alarm“警报”。前面提到罪犯试图越狱，后面转折词but表明他没有成功，因此选项A符合题意。句意：这个罪犯试图越狱，但是他的计划没有成功。

26.单选题

Amajor（）innegotiationhasbeenachieved.

问题1选项

A.breakthrough

B.breakdown

C.outbreak

D.break-off

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项breakthrough“突破；突破性进展”；B选项breakdown“故障；崩溃；分解”；C选项outbreak“（战争）爆发；（疾病）发作”；D选项break-off“折断；暂停工作”。句意：在谈判方面取得了重大……。achieve属于积极性词汇，“取得突破”更为准确，因此A选项正确。

27.单选题

WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.Sixyearsago,aftertheirdaughter,Melina,wasborn,thefamilyscrapedbyonDuplisea’s$36,000salaryasaconstructionworkersoGarro,aspecial-educationteacher,couldstayhome.Now,sinceGarro’sjobfurnishesthefamilyhealthinsurance,she’llheadbacktoworkthisfallwhileDupliseajugglesdiapersandbabybottles.Hisbossagreedtothetimeoff-buthewillhavetoforgohis$18-an-hourpay.Itwon’tbeeasy.ThoughGarro’s$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgages,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”

The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro’s,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon’tlosttheirjobs,itdoesn’tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedtobutcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvotersatleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfundsAhandfulofstates-NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alreadydipintodisabilitymoneytoofferpartialpayforwomenonmaternityleave.Butthatdoesn’thelpdadsorpeoplecaringforelderlyparents.NewJerseyandNewYorkmaysoonexpanddisabilityprogramstocoverleaveforfathersandothercaretakers.Thirteenstates,includingArizona,IllinoisandFlorida,haveproposedusingunemploymentfundstopayforleave.

Massachusettshasbeenespeciallycreative.Whenthestate'sactinggovernor,JaneSwift,gavebirthtotwindaughtersinMay,shedrewattentiontotheissuewithherown"workingmaternityleave":shetelecommutedpart-timebutearnedherusualfull-timesalary.EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay.Anotherplan,proposedintheHouse,wouldrequireemployerstokickin$20perworkertosetupa"NewFamiliesTrustFund."Businesseswouldgettaxcreditsinreturn.ThisweekSwiftisexpectedtoannounceherownpaid-leaveplanforlower-incomemothersandfathers.Pollsshowwidespreadpublicsupport—anotherreasonSwiftandotherpoliticiansacrossthecountryhaveembracedtheissue.

Stillnoteveryone'swildabouttheidea.Peoplewithoutchildrenquestionwhynewparents—thefirstgrouptogetpaidleaveundermanyoftheproposedplans—shouldgetmoregovernmentperksthantheydo.Businessgroupsareresistanttoproposalsthatwouldraidunemploymentfunds;severalhavealreadyfiledsuittoblockthem.Astheeconomyslows,manycompaniessaytheycan’taffordtocontributetoproposednewbenefitfundseither.Businesslobbyistssaytoomanyemployeesalreadyabuseexistingfederalfamily-leavelawsbytakingtimeofffordubiousreasonsorintinytimeincrements.Theproposedlaws,theysay,wouldonlymakemattersworse.

ForGarroandDuplisea,though,thenewlawscouldmakeallthedifference.AsMelinafixesapeanut-butter-and-jellysandwich,DupliseahugsasnoozingAndresagainsthisTshirt"We'retryingtodotherightthingbytwokids,andwehavetosacrifice,"Dupliseasays.InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat（）.

2.WhenGarrosays"Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity",shemeans（）.

3.IfGarrolivesinMassachusetts,shewill（）.

4.Theword"perk"(Line2.Para.4)mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspaidleaveseemstobethatof（）.

问题1选项

A.GarroandDupliseausedtoliveacomfortableandeasylife

B.Duplisea'sbossissoconsiderateastoallowhimtokeephisjob

C.Garrocanearnmoremoneysosheshouldgobacktowork.

D.Thecouplehavemadealotofsacrificestotakecareoftheirchildren

问题2选项

A.itexhaustsherfamilysavings

B.itplungesherfamilyintofinancialtrouble

C.itdeprivesherchildrenofhealthinsurance

D.itmakesherfeelinsecure

问题3选项

A.have12weeksoffathalfpay

B.telecommutepart-timebutearnfull-timesalary

C.leaveherjobwithoutpaytotakecareofherkids

D.get$20fromheremployerforherleave

问题4选项

A.grant

B.policy

C.encouragement

D.reward

问题5选项

A.opposition

B.suspicion

C.approval

D.indifference

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第一段，我们可以知道……”。文章第一段主要讲述了这对夫妻为了养育两个孩子付出了很多，在工作和养育孩子之间做权衡，因此选项D“这对夫妻为了养育孩子做出了很大牺牲”符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题目问的是“当伽罗说‘它会带走你的存款和保障’，她的意思是什么？”文章第一段提到伽罗夫妇不得不冻结养老账号，缩减女儿的课后活动，还要祈求汽车不出问题（thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar），由此可知请假照顾孩子让他们的经济问题越发严重，因此选项B符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果伽罗生活在马萨诸塞州，她将会……”。文章第三段提到在她（Swift）重返工作岗位前，州参议院一致通过了一项试点方案，即允许用失业人员医疗保险计划的声誉基金，让刚生了孩子的父母可以拿一般工资休假12周（EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay），由此可知选项A符合题意。

第4题:4.词义题。题目问的是“perk这个词最有可能的意思是……”。从文章第二、三段可知，各个州政府都试图动用各种基金对请假照顾新生儿的父母进行经济帮助，由此可知此处是政府拨款，因此选项A符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对带薪请假的观点是什么？”文章第一段通过伽罗夫妇的实例来引出当下的一种现象，即有些家庭为了照顾孩子不得不请假，从而导致了经济困难；文章第二、第三段提到各州为了解决问题采取了一些相应措施；文章最后提到这些政策会带来翻天覆地的变化，会帮到伽罗夫妇（InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway），所以作者对这些措施的看法是正面的，因此选项C符合题意。

28.单选题

Theproblemthaturbansprawlis（）upontheun-spoiltcountrysidedeservesmoreattentionfromthegovernmentandthepublic.

问题1选项

A.occupying

B.taking

C.encroach

D.encroaching

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项occupy“占据；占用”；B选项take“拿走；取走”；C选项encroach“侵占(某人的时间)；蚕食(土地)”；D选项encroaching“encroach的现在分词形式”。句意：城市扩张正在侵蚀着未被破坏的农村，这一问题值得政府和公众更多的关注。此处的选项应与介词upon构成搭配，而空格前面为be动词，因此此处应该为现在分词形式，故选D。encroachupon表示“侵犯，侵占”。

29.单选题

Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.instant

C.prompt

D.hasty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的；急迫的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧急的；紧迫的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的；立刻的；准时的”；D选项hasty“轻率的；匆忙的；懈怠的”。句意：我们应该永远记住，……决定往往导致痛苦的后悔。让自己后悔的应为“轻率的决定”，D选项符合句意。

30.单选题

Thenaughtyboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents（）.

问题1选项

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项command“命令;指令;”；B选项conviction“信念;肯定”；C选项consent“同意;允许”；D选项compromise“妥协;折中”。句意：那个调皮的男孩偷溜出了房间，在未经父母允许的情况下，前往游泳池。根据关键词“那个调皮的男孩偷溜出了房间”可知C符合句意。

31.单选题

LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphra