2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号6

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

2.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。

3.翻译题

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。

4.单选题

In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.followed

C.denied

D.proclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced“宣布；宣称”；B选项followed“跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“拒绝；拒签”；D选项proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁•路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词challenged“挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁•路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。

5.单选题

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

问题1选项

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。

6.单选题

Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.

问题1选项

A.figureout

B.drawout

C.lookout

D.workout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A选项figureout“了解，弄清楚”；B选项drawout“拉长”；C选项lookout“留神，小心”；D选项workout“解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项permutable“可排列的；能交换的”；C选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。

8.单选题

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项philosophical“哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项literal“文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。

9.单选题

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项decline“下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项fluctuate“波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。

10.单选题

Failureinarequiredsubjectmayresultinthe___ofadiploma.

问题1选项

A.refusal

B.betrayal

C.denial

D.burial

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项refusal“拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项betrayal“背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项denial“否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。

11.单选题

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

问题1选项

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项enforce“实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项reinforce“加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项inform“通知；告诉；报告”。句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务……了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。根据Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对……来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。B选项含贬义也可排除。D选项不符合题意，可排除。结合句意，C选项正确。

12.单选题

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

问题1选项

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy“辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。

13.单选题

Theterm“print”hasseveralmeanings,soitisimportanttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbytheartisticterminology.Aprintintheartisticsenseisnotareproductionofaworkofartdoneinsomeothermedium,suchaspaintingordrawing.Thatcaninnosensebeconsideredaworkofart,sincetheartisthadnoinvolvementwithit.AprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethoD.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.

Aprintmayexistinseveralversions.Sometimestheprintmakeralterstheimagebetweenimpressions,sothateachprintisslightlydifferentfromtheothers.Anyseriesofsuchprintsisreferredtoasmultiples.Thenumberofimpressions(knownastheedition)thatarepossiblefromasingleoriginalvarieswiththematerial.Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.Itiscustomarytonumberprintsastheycomeoffthepress,theearlierimpressionsbeingthefinestandthereforethemostdesirable.

Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueuseD.Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.

Printmakingderivesfromtwohistoricalsources:earlywoodblocksintowhichanimagewascutandusedtoillustrateabookorplayingcards,andthemedievalpracticeofdecoratingmetalwithinciseddesigns,asinarmor.Todaymosttechniquesfallintooneoffourcategories:relief,intaglio,lithography,andserigraphy.However,therearemanyvariations,combinationswithphotographictechniques,andconsiderableoverlapping.

1.Intheartisticsense,aprintisaworkofartcreatedby___.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanexampleofamastersurface?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

4.Ametalplateiscomparedfavorablywithlinoleumasametersurfacebecauseametalplate___.

5.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

问题1选项

A.makingapaintingfromanoriginaldrawing

B.drawingorpaintingsimilarimagesmanytimes

C.transferringanoriginalimagefromonesurfacetoanother

D.copyinganoriginalimagemadeonpaperontoahardsurface

问题2选项

A.adrawingorpainting

B.ablockofstone

C.asheetofpaper

D.aprintingpress

问题3选项

A.compositionalprinciples

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.emotionalimpact

问题4选项

A.lastslonger

B.islessexpensive

C.makesprintsmorequickly

D.producesagreatervarietyofprints

问题5选项

A.emotionalimpact

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.compositionalprinciples

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.”，中文翻译为：与在绘画或绘画中直接在一个表面上作画不同，艺术家在一个主表面上作画，主表面可以是一块金属板、一块石头、木头、塑料或油毡。在这个主表面上，通过在表面上涂上油墨，在上面铺上一张纸，然后用印刷机对表面和纸张进行压印，可以产生许多印痕。故判断C选项“将原始图像从一个表面转移到另一个表面”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“amastersurface”可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻译为：与在绘画或绘画中直接在一个表面上作画不同，艺术家在一个主表面上作画，主表面可以是一块金属板、一块石头、木头、塑料或油毡。可知，B选项“一块石头”正确。

3.推理判断题。由A选项“创作原则”可以定位到原文第一段“Aprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethod.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻译为：版画是一种间接创作的原创艺术作品。与在绘画或绘画中直接在一个表面上作画不同，艺术家在一个主表面上作画，主表面可以是一块金属板、一块石头、木头、塑料或油毡。则A选项正确，排除。由B选项“线条、形状或纹理的使用”可以定位到原文倒数第二段“Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueused.”，中文翻译为：版画和绘画一样，包含同样的构图原则。根据所使用的印刷技术，线条、形状或纹理可能是主要元素。可知B选项错误。由C选项“装饰的

品质”D选项“情绪的影响”可以定位到原文倒数第二段“Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.”，中文翻译为：一些版画具有明显的装饰性，而另一些则可能充满情感的冲击。知C、D选项正确，排除。答案为B。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段中“Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.”，中文翻译为：油毡制成的印刷品很容易磨损，它比金属板制成的印刷品要少，而金属板能印出成千上万张高质量的印刷品。可以得知C选项“使打印速度更快”正确。

5.原试题即与3题重复。

14.单选题

FilmCriticMarkAdamslooksbackoverthelasttenyearsofhisworkasafilmcriticforanewspapercalledTheFrontPageWritingarticlesaboutfilmsforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjoB.BeforethenIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsforothernewspapers,filmsforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.Hehiredme,butTomwasnotprimarilyajournalist,orhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.

Atfirst,hisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn'trequirespecializedknowledge:books,TV,theatre,filmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover,thoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociable.

Itallfeltlikeabitofadreamatthattime:anewnewspaper,andIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.Itseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmepersonally,andwaspretendingtoemployme.Suchwasmylackofself-confidence.Infact,thefirsttimeIsawsomeonereadingthenewspaperontheLondonunderground,thenturningtoapageonwhichoneofmyreviewsappeared,Ididn'tknowwheretolook.

Tom'soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodidea,butwedidn'tgettogetherasplannedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphone.Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.

TheLuxuryofthiswayofworkingsuitsmewell.Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.That'saroutinethatwouldmakemestaleinnotimeatall.IwouldsoonbesinkingintomyseatonaMondaymorningwiththesigh,“WhatinsultingrubbishmustIsitthroughnow?”—astyleofsighthatcanoftenbeheardinscreeningroomsaroundtheworld.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatonfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Aweeklylunchwasarrangedforcriticsto___.

3.WhenMarkstartedworkingforTheFrontPage,he___.

4.Intheend,theorganizationoftheteamwasinfluencedby___.

5.Marktakesthenewwayofworkingas“luxury”(paragraph5)because___.

问题1选项

A.HeencouragedMarktobecomeawriter

B.Hehadworkedinvariousareasofthemedia

C.HemetMarkwhenworkingfortelevision

D.Hepreferstoemploypeoplethathemeetssomewhere

问题2选项

A.gettoknoweachother

B.exchangeinformation

C.takeworksfornewcriticism

D.entertainoccasionalvisitors

问题3选项

A.doubtedthepaperwouldsucceed

B.wasembarrassedatbeingrecognized

C.feltitneededimprovement

D.wassurprisedtoearnsomuch

问题4选项

A.thereaders'preference

B.theavailabilityofwriters

C.thepressureoftime

D.thepopularityofsubjects

问题5选项

A.itenableshimtoplayhisrole

B.itenableshimtomakeachoice

C.itenableshimtoseetheworld

D.itenableshimtoseealotoffilms

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键字thefirstparagraph可以定位到文章首段“ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.”中文翻译为：我就是这样认识了汤姆•西顿(TomSeaton)的，他是《纽约时报》头版的第一位艺术编辑，同时也为电视撰稿。可以判断只有C项“他在为电视台工作时遇到了马克”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字Aweeklylunch可以定位到原文第二段“TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover…”中文大意为：每周会有一次午餐，我们会从汤姆决定我们应该报道的艺术材料中做出选择。因此可知C选项“接受新的评论工作”正确，符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第三段“Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.”中文翻译为：一份报纸似乎不太可能被引入一个拥挤的市场。判断A选项“怀疑这份报纸能否成功”正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第四段“Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.”中文翻译为：结果也证明，公众更喜欢把一个评论家和一个单一的主题领域联系起来，所以我选择了电影。可知选项A“读者的偏好”正确。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段“WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.”中文翻译为：如果没有汤姆最初的推动，我们很

难达成现在的安排，我每周写一篇文章，通常是关于一部电影。以及最后一段“Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.”中文翻译为：我不会对更标准的影评人这个角色感兴趣，这个角色需要考虑每一部上映的电影。判断出B选项“这使他能够做出选择”符合题意。

15.单选题

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

问题1选项

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrance“障碍；妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”；B选项synthesis“综合，[化学]合成；综合体”；C选项system“制度，体制；系统；方法”；D选项symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可识别模式的症状或体征”。句意：这是一个典型的无聊家庭主妇综合症——整天无所事事，只喝酒和购物。结合此处关键词syndrome“[临床]综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位”，得知B选项正确。

16.单选题

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

问题1选项

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组。A选项takeover“接管；接收”；B选项composeof“由……组成”；C选项slowdown“减速，放慢速度；使……慢下来”；D选项haveanegativeeffect“产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词takeatoll“产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。

17.单选题

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

问题1选项

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

问题2选项

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

问题3选项

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

问题4选项

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

问题5选项

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻译为：他们列出了我们主要担心的一系列问题：自然资源正在枯竭，人口不断增长，留下越来越少的食物；物种正在大量地灭绝，地球的空气和水正变得越来越污染。因此答案为B选项：环境问题涉及很多方面。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻译为：最后，大多数形式的环境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暂时的——与工业化的早期阶段有关，因此最好的解决办法不是限制经济增长，而是加速经济增长。可知D项“经济增长有助于缓解环境问题”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻译为：一是科学研究固有的不平衡。科学基金主要用于有很多问题的领域。这或许是一项明智的政策，但它也会给人留下这样一种印象，即存在的潜在问题要比实际情况多得多。因此，C选项“科学研究问题”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.”，中文翻译为：其次，环保组织需要被大众媒体关注。他们还需要让资金源源不断地流入。或许可以理解，他们有时会夸大自己的论点。例如，1997年，世界自然基金会发表了一份题为“世界森林的三分之二永远消失”的新闻稿。事实是接近20%。

故D选项“环保人士可能会夸大他们的说法”最符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到尾段“Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsa