高中英语定语从句讲解练习

高中英语定语从句解说及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不简单掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题解说定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句平时出现在先行词今后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。18.1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所取代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充任主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词取代的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。比方：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以够同ofwhich交换）。比方：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that所取代的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。比方：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.乡村出现了空前未有的繁华。（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）18.2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可取代的先行词是时间、地址或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于\"介词+which\"构造，因此经常和\"介词+which\"构造交替使用。比方：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不服气的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的原因吗？2）that取代关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地址、方式、原因的名词后取代when,where,why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。比方：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，仍是关系副词完好取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后边无宾语，就必然要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。比方：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我昨年呆过的山村。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（对）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地址或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一同。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：正确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词

/关系副词。1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.1变为必然句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.2变为必然句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不可以起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，因此应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地址，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地址状语。而本题中，介词on用的不对，因此选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地址状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不能缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思经常不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间平时用逗号分开。比方：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房屋。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房屋很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）当先行词是专出名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，今后的定语从句平时是非限制性的。比方：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理.史密斯昨年退休了，他以前是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我昨年买的的那幢房屋带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还可以将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。比方：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他忧如没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不可以引导非限制性定语从句。18.5介词+关系词1）介词后边的关系词不可以省略。2）that前不可以有介词。3）某些在从句中充任时间，地址或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"构造可以同关系副词when和where交换。比方ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房屋。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?18.6as,which非限制性定语从句由as,which引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。比方：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.如我们所知，抽烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限制性从句，不可以用that修饰，而用which.，it

和

he

都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不可以以逗号接。况且

he句意不通。2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案

B。which

可取代句子，用于非限制性定从句，而

what

不能。

That

不可以用于非限制性定从句，it不，使由逗号接的两个句子并在一同在英法上行不通。3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it答案B.as和which在引非限制性定从句，两个关系代都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定从句中都可以作主和。但不同样之主要有两点：（1）as引的定从句可置于句首，而which不能。（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主，从句中的必是系；若行，从句中的关系代只能用which.。在本中，prevent由于是行，因此正确B。as的用法例1.thesame⋯as；such⋯as中的as是一种固定构,和⋯⋯一⋯⋯。比方：Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.我遇到了跟他一的麻。例2.as可引非限制性从句，常有\'正如\'。比方：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.如我所知，抽烟有害健康。Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.As是关系代。例1中的as作know的；例2中，它充任从句的主，

know

要用被式。。18.9关系代that的用法1）不用that的情况a）引非限制性定从句。

比方：（）

Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b）介后不可以用。比方：

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我依土地得食品。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用a）b）

that作定从句的关系代的情况在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。在不定代，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little

等作先行，只用

that，不用

which.c）d）e）

先行有theonly,thevery修，只用that。先行序数、数、形容最高，只用先行既有人，又有物。比方：

that。.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的但是供油。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那最把的全部西交了警察。定语从句1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;whoA.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;thatIshallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参照答案一．定从句1~5ACABA6~10BCCAD11~15CBDDA16~20DCABB21~26BBBADD参照答案及解析A.which用作关系代，在定从句中作主。2．C."和”要speaktosb.本全句DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代，作介to的，可以省略。D.where是关系副，表示地址，在定从句中作地址状。C.when是关系副，表示，在定从句中作状。5．A.which是关系代，在从句中作forget的。其他几个答案都不可以作。6．C.解析同第5。A.解析第3。8.A.本句的先行是films,因此，关系代that是数见解，其用复述的被havebeenshown。假如句中的one前面使用了定冠the，theone先行。9.A.“到某事物”talkaboutsth.。about是介，今后要用which作，不可以用that。10.A.withwhich是"介+关系代"构,常用来引定从句.with有"用"的意思,介今后只能用which,不可以用that.withwhich在定从句中作状,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状.D.withwhom引定从句.withwhom放在从句中即:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.D.whose引定从句,在从句中作主family的定.A.that引定从句,因先行是all,因此只能用that引.D.thesame⋯⋯是..固as定用法,as引定从句,可以作主,或表.在本句中,as作从句的主.D.such⋯⋯⋯是as固定用法,as引定从句,可以作主,或表.在本中,as作表.17.B.as作关系代可以独用来引非限制性定从句。as所指代的不是主句中某个名，而经常指代整个主句的含。as在从句中可以作主、。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定从句.withwhom放在从句中:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引定从句平时组成such⋯as或thesame⋯as固定搭配，其中such和same修今后的名，as关系代，指代其前的名引定从句。as在从句中可以作主、表或。Such修数名,要用sucha⋯⋯..,本中suchbooks,such直接修复数名.20.B.things和persons是先行.当定从句要修的先行是既表示人,又表示物的名,其关系代要用that.21.D.who引非限制性定从句,who作从句的主.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行person后有两个定从句,第一个从句省略了关系代whom.因,whom作从句中met的,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主,不能省略.24.A.whosetitle引非限制性定从句,whosetitle也可以成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引定从句,使用介for,是来自于从句中的固定短befamousfor"以⋯⋯..而名".26.C.27.A.系副

当先行被such修,引定从句的关系代要用as.As在本从句中作主.两个先行theday都是表示的名,但第一个空白要填的关系在从句中作状when.第二个空白要填的