2022年考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号91

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-郑州大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hewasgivenapresentin（）ofhisworkforthebusiness.

问题1选项

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项honor“荣誉”；B选项realization“实现，认识”；C选项acknowledgement“承认，感谢”；D选项encouragement“鼓励”。句意：他得到一份礼物，以感谢他为公司所做的工作。本句表示感谢他做的工作。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13）,ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh—（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworks'wages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

问题2选项

A.raise

B.increase

C.decrease

D.lower

问题3选项

A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.spending

问题4选项

A.pay

B.offer

C.fight

D.finance

问题5选项

A.away

B.off

C.on

D.out

问题6选项

A.offset

B.compensate

C.exchange

D.accomplish

问题7选项

A.extend

B.expand

C.spend

D.explore

问题8选项

A.meet

B.respond

C.spend

D.return

问题9选项

A.automatically

B.exceedingly

C.timely

D.excessively

问题10选项

A.Forfearthat

B.Whether

C.If

D.Though

问题11选项

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.except

问题12选项

A.supply

B.satisfy

C.plenty

D.comply

问题13选项

A.Furthermore

B.Otherwise

C.Nevertheless

D.However

问题14选项

A.interesting

B.uninteresting

C.interested

D.interest

问题15选项

A.beincreased

B.increased

C.shouldincrease

D.increase

问题16选项

A.protest

B.restrict

C.impose

D.cover

问题17选项

A.controller

B.manager

C.consumer

D.employer

问题18选项

A.By

B.At

C.On

D.In

问题19选项

A.create

B.invent

C.result

D.discover

问题20选项

A.productive

B.insufficient

C.excessive

D.processing

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economiccondition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项C符合题意。

2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项B符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney应该与purchasingpower意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。pay“支付”；offer“提供”；fight“与……打仗”;finance“负担经费”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此financeawar符合题意。

5.考查词组辨析。carryaway“运走，使失去自制力”;carryoff“夺去，夺得”；carryon“继续，参与”；carryout“实施”。与socialprogram搭配的动词词组是carryout，所以选项D符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。offset“抵消；补偿”;compensate“补偿，赔偿”；exchange“交换”；accomplish“完成，实现”。offsetdeficit“弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。

7.考查动词词义辨析。extend“延伸”；expand“扩张”；spend“度过，花费”；explore“探索”。根据后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项B符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项A符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。automatically“自动地”；exceedingly“非常；极其”；timely“及时地”；excessively“过分地”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项A符合题意。

10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项C符合题意。

11.考查介词词义辨析。televisionandcomputers属于populargoods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项B符合题意。

12.考查词义辨析。supply“供给，提供”；satisfy“满足，说服”；plenty“足够的”；comply“遵守，遵从”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项B符合题意。

13.考查逻辑关系。根据ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项A符合题意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。

15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项A符合题意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付费用”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

17.考查名词词义辨析。controller“控制器”；manager“经理，管理人员”；consumer“消费者，用户”；employer“老板，雇主”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项C符合题意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。

19.考查动词词义辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与C都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。

20.考查词义辨析。productive“能生产的”；insufficient“不足的”；excessive“过多的”；processing“加工”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswritingabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardstothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral:forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhomebrewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheindividualrevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessary,shouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,aVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionhasbeenusedto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,eighteenthcenturyEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthepassage’sreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Hostility.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Curiosity

问题3选项

A.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

B.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题4选项

A.investigatetheextentofthedemandforluxurygoodsamongsocialclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.classifythekindsofluxurygoodsdesiredbyeighteenth-centuryconsumers

C.establishtheextenttowhichthetastesofrichconsumerswereshapedbytheMiddleclassesineighteenth-centuryEngland.

D.explainthemotivationofeighteenth-centuryconsumersweretobutluxurygoods.

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodcouldbesaidtobeastimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.dissimilarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者提到了McKendrick和Plumb的目的是为了……”。文章第一段第一句提到“历史学家直到最近才开始注意到18世纪英格兰对奢侈品和服务需求的增长”（Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland），第二句话举了McKendrick和Plumb的例子，由此可知这就是注意到这个现象的历史学家中的两位，因此选项A“举例帮助确立了十八世纪英格兰日益增长消费事实的历史学家”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，汤普森把十八世纪英国劳动人民对资本主义消费的态度归结为以下哪一种？”文章第二段提到“在正确地将劳动人民恢复到18世纪英国历史的阶段的同时，可能夸大了他们对资本主义消费方式侵蚀的抵抗情绪”（whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral），句子中opposition这个词的意思是“抵抗”，由此可知十八世纪英国劳动人民对资本主义消费的态度是敌对的，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第三段，作者主要关注的是……”。文章第三段第一二句话提到一些历史学家指出，制造商能够在一个相对未经审查的媒体上做广告，然而这似乎并不是一个充分的答案（somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer），第五句话提到“再次，我们可以怀疑这个解释是否充分”（Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient），以及第六句话提到“难道人们不喜欢将买东西作为自我满足的一种形式吗”（Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?），由此可知选项A“质疑两种解释并且提出一种可能的假设”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，一个炫耀性消费的Veblen模型被用来……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“为了回答消费者为什么变得如此渴望去购买这个问题”（Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy）及后面举了Veblen的例子可知这个例子是为了解释消费者购买的动机，因此选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，18世纪的英国和当代读者……”。文章最后一段提到18世纪英国对那些实用和琐碎商品和服务的贪得无厌的需求预示着我们的世界（theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforthefrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld），由此可知选项D“他们对各种商品和服务的强烈需求是相似的”符合题意。

4.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite（）asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。respectable“值得尊敬的”；respective“分别的，各自的”；respected“受尊敬的”；respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”。空格后的as引导了一个原因状语从句，“在大多数夜晚，他都喝醉了唱歌吵醒他们”，所以前面应该是“邻居们认为他不值得尊敬”，选项A符合题意。

5.不定项选择题

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

问题2选项

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

问题3选项

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

问题4选项

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

问题5选项

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年约有10名儿童在乘坐大型校车时死亡，而在校车外装载区的死亡人数几乎是这个数字的4倍。），可知B选项“40”正确；A,C,D选项不符合题意。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:语义推测题。根据关键字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人们存在分歧——尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）由安全带是否应该被强制使用人们存在两种意见，则A选项“不同意；不一致；争执”正确；B选项“分开的；单独的；分离，分开；隔开；分手；可搭配穿着的单件衣服；抽印本；独立音响设备；土壤划分”，C选项“安排；排列；整理”以及D选项“担心，忧虑；关爱，关心；关心的事，负责的事；涉及；使担心”错误。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977（反对系安全带的人建议说，按照1977年国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校车已经很好地保护了孩子们）可以判断出D选项“国家公路交通安全管理局”符合题意，最大程度上的校车安全控制在于国家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根据倒数第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive（一份新的研究委员会关于校车安全的报告建议，有替代的安全装置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A选项“一个新的研究委员会”只是提出建议，不符合题目；B选项“运输部”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们——其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知C选项“医疗机构”只是赞成在校车上系上安全带，不符合题意；因此D选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts（例如，研究委员会建议，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全带一样安全）可以得知C选项“可以考虑使用替代安全装置（将座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合题意；据第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们——其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知A选项“许多反对安装安全带的人是家长和交通部的官员”不符合题意；全文只是描述人们对于校车安全提出的两个不同的建议，并不能看出哪个建议会被认真考虑，故B选项“校车系安全带的建议会被认真考虑”不符合题意；D选项“当运输部审查整个情况，它可能采取安全带的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要就如何让校车更安全进行探讨，再根据第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（虽然校车事故的数量并不多，但儿童的安全一直是公众高度关注的问题。虽然每个人都希望看到儿童安全运输，但对于需要做些什么，人们存在分歧——尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）可以得知A选项“让校车对孩子们更安全”符合题意。B选项“校车上需要安全带”以及C选项“备用安全装置和程序”都是文章中对于如何让校车对孩子更安全的观点提出来的方法；D选项“校车内外的安全”虽然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描写的内容，下文并没有提及，排除；因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Onenight,whentelevisionbeganbroadcastingaboringTVshow,Isaidtomywife,“Theprogrammeisevenlessinterestingthantheadvertisement,orcommercials.Letushaveachange.

Mywife,whohappenedtohavearemotecontrolinherhand,consentedimmediately,switchedtoanotherchannelandenjoyedanadvertisementofriceflourwithme.Justatthemoment,Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore.

ThenextdaywhenItoldmyexperiencetomycolleagues,they,tomysurprise,allhadthesamefeeling.Afewevensangseveralofthecommercialssongs.

Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice.Somesighed,“ThesocialistTV,newspaperhasstartedimitatingthewesternbourgeoismediatool!”Whathaschangedtheaudience’smentalityinonlyseveralyears'time?

First,Chineseadvertisementhaveimprovedtheiradvertisingandtheiradvertisingtechniques,atthebeginning,thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude.Later,somebetterforeignadvertisementscametoChineseTVandnewspapers.

“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”.ThewordsoftheJapaneseadvertisementpublicizingtheToyotacarareveryabsurdbutimpressiveandeasytomemorize.“Nestlecoffeeistastyindeed.”TheAmericanadvertisementpromotingthesaleoftheNestlebrandcoffeehasbecomeanewhouseholdphraseinChina.Gradually,Chineseadvertisementsalsohavelearnedhowtodressthemselvesup.Theyhavestrangeandhumorousassociations,charming,deepmalevoices,colorfulimagesandsongsthatarepleasingtotheearandeasytolearn.Forthesereasons,thecommercialsforSantanacars,FudacolourfilmandOrientbeverageshavesuccessfullyattractedaTVaudience.

Second,lifeneedsadvertisements.Everythinginmodemsocietyislinkedtoinformation,whilethemainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage.

Ofcourse,onecanobtainsuchinformationbylisteningtohearsayandmakingon-the-spotinvestigation,buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed.

Associetyadvances,people'sdemandshavebecomemoreandmorediversified,andthecommoditiesandservicesprovidedbysocietyhavealsobecomemoreandmorediversified.

Ontheotherhand,aslivingtempoquickens,peoplehavelessleisuretime.Iftheywanttospendtimefindingsuitablecommodities,serviceandemploymentopportunities,theyhavetorelyonadvertisements.So,unconsciously,peoplehavechangedtheirhatredforadvertisementstoanacceptanceandutilizationofthem.

But,duetocertainconditionsinChina,theChinesedonothaveagreatneedforadvertisementforthetimebeing.

1.WhydidChineseadvertisementplayanunpopularroleatthebeginning?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Comparedwithbefore,whatdidIfoundsuddenly?

4.Whatdoestheword"absurd"meaninthepassage?

5.TheadvantagesofadsareasfollowsEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseadswerenotwellmadeandtheyarenotattractive.

B.Becausewatchingadsisconsideredtobewastingourtime.

C.Becausepeoplearenotfamiliarwithadsandtheycan’tacceptit.

D.BecauseChinaisasocialistcountry.

问题2选项

A.Mostpeoplelikeadvertisementsatthebeginning.

B.WesternbourgeoismediaarebetterthanChinesemedia.

C.ChinesemedialikestoimitatetheWest.

D.Fewpeoplewereinfavorofadvertisementswhenitappearedseveralyearsago.

问题3选项

A.CommercialsarebetterthanTVshows.

B.WealllikecommercialsbetterthanTVshows.

C.TVshowsarenolongerattractive.

D.Wenolongerhatetoseecommercialsasbefore.

问题4选项

A.interesting

B.funny

C.ridiculous

D.unpractical

问题5选项

A.adscandisseminateinformationtoaudience

B.adscanprovidesthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailedinformation

C.adsaren’tmadebylisteningtohearsay

D.adscanbringushappiness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么中国广告一开始不受欢迎？”文章第五段第一句话提到在开始的时候广告语检点，音乐平淡，画面粗糙（thelanguageofadvertisementwassimple,themusicinsipidandtheimagescoarseandcrude），因此选项A“因为广告制作不好，没有吸引力”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项是真的？”文章第四段第一句话提到“几年前，当广告开始出现在中国媒体上时，大多数人，包括我自己都反对这种做法”（Afewyearsago,whenadvertisementsbegantoappearintheChinesemedia,mostpeople,includingmyself,wereagainstthepractice），因此选项D“几年前广告出现的时候很少人喜欢”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“与以前比，我突然发现了什么？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我发现我们不再像以前那样讨厌广告了”（Ifoundthatwewerenolongerasdisgustedwiththecommercialsaswehadbeenbefore），因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义题。题目问的是“文章中absurd是什么意思？”文章第六段提到日本丰田汽车的广告语“Wherethereisamountain,thereisaroad;wherethereisaroad,thereisaToyota”（有山的地方就有路，有路的地方就有丰田），可以推测这种说法是“荒诞的”，因此选项C符合题意。

5.事实细节题。题目问的是“除了下列哪项，其他都是广告的优势？”文章倒数第五段提到广告的功能是传播商品、服务、文化、就业、招生甚至婚姻方面的信息（themainfunctionofadvertisementsistodisseminateinformationoncommodities,services,culture,employment,studentenrollmentandevenmarriage），因此可知选项A是广告的一个优势，排除；文章倒数第四段提到人们可以通过其他途径来获取信息，但是广告提供的信息无疑是最直接、最全面、最详细的（buttheinformationprovidedbyadvertisementsisdoubtlessthemostdirect,comprehensiveanddetailed），由此可知选项B与C是广告的两个优势。综上，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”；renovate“更新；修复”；invent“发明，创造”；advocate“提倡；拥护”。“科学理论的一个重要特征”与后面的“进一步研究”“更深层次的思考”的关系是前者“促进”后者的发生，因此选项A符合题意。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

需要强调指出的是，国际金融危机没有改变中国经济发展的基本面和长期向好的趋势。回顾去年，我们坚定信心、迎难而上，保持了中国经济平稳较快发展。筹划今年，我们有能力处理复杂局面，继续保持中国经济平稳较快发展。展望未来，我们有条件实现中国经济长期平稳较快发展。

【答案】Itshouldbestressedthat,despitetheinternationalfinancialcrisis,thefundamentalsandlong-termpositivetrendofChina’seconomicdevelopmentremainsunchanged.Lastyear,weactedwithresolveandconfrontedchallengeshead-on,andsucceededinensuringsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Aswedrawplansforthisyear,weareconfidentthatwecanstayontopofthecomplicatedsituationandmaintainthesteadyandfastgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Lookingahead,wearewellpositionedtoachievelongterm,fastandsteadyeconomicgrowth.

9.单选题

Businesstravelersusedtobethecashcowsofthehotelbusiness.Armedwithcorporatecreditcardsandexpenseaccounts,they'dhappilylaydownhundredsofdollarspernightfortheprivilegeofaGodivachocolateontheirpillowandasunkenwhirlpooltubintheirbathroom.Butjustasprolongedcorporatebelttighteninghasforcedroadwarriorstousebudgetairlines,moreandmoreofthemarenoweschewingfive-starlodginginfavorofcheaperaccommodations.Indeed,earlierthisyeartheU.S.-basedNationalBusinessTravelAssociationreleasedfiguresshowingthat61percentofcorporatetravelmanagersplannedtobooktheirpeopleintolower-pricedhotelsinthecomingyear.

Here'sthegoodnews:penny-pinchingistranslatingintobetterdealsatcheapandup-markethotelsalike.Servicesatmiddle-markethotelsarerisingtoaccommodateanewwaveofmoredemandingcorporatecustomers.Andluxuryhotelsareworkinghardertokeepbusinesstravelerscoming,offeringlowerrates,specialpackagesandextraservices.Eventhoughbusiness-travelvolumeissettorisebymorethan4percentin2004afterthreedismalyears,hotelswillcontinuetobeunderpressureinlargepartbecauseaweakdollarisforcingAmericanbusinesstravelerstosearchforvalue.

Someofthebestdealsarecomingfromthebigchains.InJanuary,StarwoodHotelsannounceditwouldupgradeitglobalmiddle-marketbrand.FourPoints,byrollingoutfreehigh-speedwirelessInternetaccessinallguestrooms.Ontheflipside,upscalebrandslikeInterContinentalandRitzCarltonaresellingemptyroomsatdiscountratesviaonlineservices.Thathastheeffectofdepressingluxury-roomprices,becausecorporatetravelmanagerscannowdemandthathotelsmatchtheirowndiscountpricesallthetime.InterContinentalhotelsinFranceandGermanyhavebeenhitsohardthattheyareactuallyrepricingtheirroomstoreflectratesbeforethedollarbeganfalling.UpscalehotelslikeWaldorf-Astoria,Sofitelarealsotryingtoofferextraservices.

Butbewareofnew,hiddenfees.Inanefforttomakeupsomeoftheirlostrevenue,hotelsarestartingtochargecorporatetravelersforthingsthatusedtobefree——includingbreakfast,banquetormeetingrooms.

Asidefromsavingcompaniesmoney,thetrendinfrugalbusinesstravelmaygiverisetoawholenewmarketsegment:thebuy-to-lethotelroom.LastweekinLondon,BritishpropertydeveloperJohnnySandelsonlaunchedGuestlnvest,ahotelinNottingHillwhereuserscanpurchasearoomfor£235,000,useitforamaximumof52nightsayearthemselves,thenrentitouttherestofthetimetomakeextramoney.Itseemsanideawhosetimehascome:Guestlnvestsaysithasalreadyfieldedhundredsofcallsfrombusinesspeopleinterestedinmakingache